Community participation mode of ecotourism in Tibetan area of Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province

1. The basis of community participation of ecotourism in Shangri-La Tibetan area In 1980, the Canadian scholar Clande Molin put forward community participating ecology and cul- ture tourism in his academic thesis [1]. Based on this, Mexico scholar H. Ceballos Lascurain first used the term “ecotourism” in his book in 1983, and was con- firmed by International Environment Conference in Mexico 1986[2]. In 1993, the Ecotourism Society re- defined ecotourism and pointed out its two impor- t…     

Study on the ecotourism model of the ethnic region in western Sichuan Province under the comprehensive tourism strategy: a case of Zoige County

The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are characterized by complicated topography, seismic active zone, serious soil erosion, fragile eco-environment, low level of economy, and so on. Periphery regions and central regions appear in western Sichuan Province. The socioconomic development in the central regions is at high level, whereas the ethnic areas are generally at lower level. Moreover. the deterioration of the eco-environment has seriously restricted the development of traditional industries in the ethnic areas, and it is necessary to develop environment-friendly and resource-saving industries. The ethnic areas of western Sichuan Province are rich in tourism resources, and have the potentiality of developing ecotourism. Advantages＇ of tourism resources in the ethnic areas should be made full use of and ＂comprehensive tourism ＂ is the requirement of the characteristics and the status quo of the ethnic areas. The ＂comprehensive tourism development model ＂ has the functions of ecotourism on the key industry. Based on the demands and the interaction among different industries, the model cart accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agrieulture, eco-industry, eco-tertiary industry, and so on. Through implementing the comprehensive tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of ethnic areas, and promote the rapid and sustainable growth of regional economy, and also the harmonious development of economy, environment and society.     

姚安县社区林业参与性评估方法应用研究

借鉴国外开展社区林业参与性评估方法,根据姚安县的实际,摸索出一套以村民为主体,依靠各级政府,自下而上,能较好地解决村民与森林、土地之间的相互矛盾,并且能有效地处理好政府与村民在造林、管护、采伐之间的矛盾,鼓励当地村民直接、自觉地参加林业生产活动,即把小流域生态环境改善同村民脱贫致富有机地结合起来,使之成为村民自觉的行动     

实施PPET战略，发展西部民族地区生态旅游

To help the poor and to develop tourism are two mportant problems in poverty-stricken areas. However,they were isola ted for years. The PPET strategy was put forward in this paper based on PPT. The feasibility and the realistic meaning of the strategy in developing the ecotourism, overcoming poverty, and achieving prosperity of minority areas in western China are analyzed by taking Xinlong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as an example.     

Orientation and community participation of ecological development： a case study of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City, China

Entrusted to by Shijiazhuang municipal Party committee and government,Shanghai Tongji University finished ＂The General Planning of Ecological Development Project of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang City＂.It aims to build Hutuo River into a wind-breaking and sand-fixing barrier and ecological protect district in the north of Shijiazhuang based on the recovery of natural ecology to improve the environment of Shijiazhuang city.It also intends to develop the district lightly and build it into a nature beauty spot and big park.After the construction for several years,the general environment of this district has been greatly improved.But during the development,the man-made landscapes are highlighted excessively,which deviates from the construction of nature landscape.The currency of constructing big leisure park gradually comes into being,so the recovery of nature ecological is slow.So,this paper intends to make the orientation to ecological development of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang city and puts forward the community participation to promote the future development of ecotourism in Shijiazhuang.     

藏区反贫困再思考

藏区反贫困形势仍然严峻,表现在贫困面大、返贫突出、新的城镇贫困群体的出现与扩大等方面.为此必须采用综合性的反贫困措施:如生态移民;通过提高农牧民个人素质,促进传统农牧业的发展,构建新农村;大力发展旅游业,以增加就业机会;改变医疗资源配置,遏制因病返贫;控制人口增长;加强立法、建立社会保障基金等.     

Community participation in the management of wetland nature reserve：a case study of Nanjishan Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China

In recent years, more and more conflicts have emerged in the management of nature reserves, of which themain problem is that how to carry out the campaign of conservation along with the promotion of development of localeconomics. To resolve the actual problem in Nanjishan National Wetland Nature Reserve and explore the idiographicmethod of the management of the wetland reserve, some studying methods including face-to-face interviews, informaldiscussion with local leaders and officials, group discussion with local fishers, questionnaire, and job of the conversationstation have been carried out. The results show that the education level of the local people is low; only 5% of the localpeople have an opportunity to the junior college; the main income of the local people is fishing, which accounts for 70%more or less; and the income is coming down year by year because of the unreasonable way of fishing. To cope with theproblems, some reformative way of management and the development of the reserve are introduced, such as establishingan NOG that constitutes of local fishermen to achieve the goal of community co-management, developing Bed andBreakfast and so on. Through practice of the management of the participation of the local people, we draw the conclusionthat the local people have a great desire to improve their life level, and to make the co-management of the reserve easy,it is important for the managers to play the role of pilot including engrafting the new ideas, giving some subsidy toencourage the local people to take part in the management. In addition, making local people perceive value of the reserveand the close relation between reserve conservation and the promotion of level of their life. On this basis, they incline totake part in the management of the reserve.     

Limited participation,private money,and credit in a spatial model of money

Summary. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of private money issue for the effects of monetary policy, for optimal policy, and for the role of fiat money. A locational model is constructed which gives an explicit account of the role for money and credit, and for limited financial market participation. When private money issue is prohibited, there is a liquidity effect as the result of a money injection from the central bank, but this effect goes away when private money is permitted. Private money issue changes dramatically the nature of optimal monetary policy. With private money, fiat currency is no longer used in transactions involving goods, but currency and central bank reserves play an important part in the clearing and settlement of private money returned for redemption.Received: 5 May 2003, Revised: 1 December 2003JEL Classification Numbers: E4, E5.The author thanks seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Duke University, conference participants at the Texas Monetary Conference at U.T. Austin, February 2002, and the Conference on Recent Developments in Money and Finance at Purdue University, May 2003, as well as Gabriele Camera, Ed Nosal, Will Roberds, and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions.     

云南省对外贸易发展模式的特点及问题

在出口导向战略的大背景下,云南省对外贸易取得了长足的发展,其对外贸易发展模式呈现出商品结构得到一定优化等特点,同时也存在出口商品技术含量低、加工贸易比重较小等问题。因此,云南省应该加快调整产业结构,着力推动有色金属行业升级发展,实现贸易伙伴多元化并促进边境贸易和加工贸易的快速发展,使对外贸易模式更加优化。     

丘北普者黑公园旅游业发展的SWOT分析与对策

使用SWOT方法对丘北普者黑公园旅游经济发展中存在的优势与劣势、机遇与威胁进行分析,并在此基础上提出丘北普者黑公园旅游经济可持续发展的对策。     

云南省河口县热带生态旅游景观开发研究

云南河口县具有丰富而独特的热带生态旅游景观，其热带性比西双版纳更为原始和典型。本文系统地分析研究了其景观形成、分类、特点，结合旅游市场需求和河口县的经济状况，提出了在河口建立三大生态旅游区和一个旅游中心城镇的建议。     

Wages,participation and unemployment in the economic transition of urban China1

Wages, participation and unemployment are major topics for researchers of the labour market. How have these measures evolved in the economic transition of urban China? Have they evolved in accordance with those in the Statistical Yearbook of China (produced by the National Bureau of Statistics, China) and previous studies? We find that the estimated wage level based on Urban Household Survey (UHS) data was higher than that in the Statistical Yearbook in earlier years, but the relationship has reversed since 1999. Our estimated participation rate is lower than that of Giles et al. (2006) but higher than Dong et al. (2007) and Maurer‐Fazio et al. (2007) . The analysis shows that the unemployment rate is lower than that estimated with the China Urban Labor Survey data in Giles et al. (2005) . Our estimation results on unemployment rates turn out to be more similar to those in Dong et al. (2007) but are different from those in Hu and Sheng (2007) . This analysis provides the first systematic comparison of the wage level from different sources, and supplements the existing estimates on participation and unemployment using a more representative dataset for urban China.     

湖北西部山区县域特色产业集聚化战略探讨

在绿色资源产业化开发中,湖北西部山区各县(市)已初步形成一批各具特色的产业,但是产业集聚度低,产业配套严重不足,因此县域特色产业整体效益较差。在借鉴珠三角、长三角以及环渤海湾地区县域产业集聚经验的基础上,对湖北西部山区县域特色产业集聚化思路与对策进行了战略性思考。     

Ecological footprint analysis on the traditional rice-fish agricultural area： a case study of Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province, China

Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province, China has maintained the traditional rice-fish agriculture for about 2,000 years and formed exceptional cultural heritage based on this kind of production mode, so it was ed by FAO as a pilot site for the rice-fish agricultural heritage systems in 2005. This research has applied the indicators of ecological footprint and biocapacity to monitor the environmental conditions of Qingtian County, aiming to find the impact that the traditional agricultural production mode and the local inhabitants lifestyle have placed on the local environmental conditions as well as the role they have played in maintaining ecological balance, cultural inheritance and regional sustainable development. Results show that Qingtian County is characterized by a nearly breakeven total ecological balance, as opposed to Zhejiang Province, the world and other agricultural regions. However, compared with another rice-fish agricultural region, Congjiang County which enjoys a considerable ecological reserve, Qingtian County has consumed a greater amount of environmental resources. Specifically, about half of the ecological footprint of Qingtian County can be attributed to the cropland （50.8%） while the CO2 area only accounts for 11.2%, which is dramatically different from that of the modern industrialized regions. And a vast of percentage of energy is caused by the combustion of fuelwood which not only requires the land to absorb the CO2 emission it has generated but also occupies the forest where it has been chopped.     

四川省盆缘山地体育旅游开发的对策研究

体育旅游作为近年新兴的旅游形式,其影响力在逐年增大。四川省盆缘山地区域具备独特的地理气候条件,是开展体育旅游的较佳场所。采用文献法和实地调研法,研究四川省盆缘山地体育旅游的资源基础和开发现状,并在此基础上提出可行的发展对策。     

社区参与促进世界自然遗产地开发保护的作用机制——湖南崀山案例

基于世界自然遗产地与所属地社会、经济、生态大系统环境的互动演化关系,文章将社区参与促进自然遗产地开发保护的作用,纳入市场供需均衡的内生约束里,考察在供需均衡的内生约束下,遗产地生态位提升的优化机制。研究结果表明:社区参与通过确权、保权、设权和增权的四方面作用,改变了遗产地的需求、资源、技术及制度等活化因子变量;提高了世界遗产地生态位及旅游发展质量。最后,结合崀山的案例分析,为世界遗产地的旅游保护开发提供一条社区参与的可行路径。     

The strategy of ecosystem construction in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province

1. The resource advantages in the ecosystem con-struction of Huanren CountyHuanren Manchu Autonomous County(hereafter referred to as simply Huanren County) islocated in the mountain area of eastern Liaoning,bounded in the east by Jian city of Jilin Province.The south is adjacent to the Kuandian Manchu Au-tonomous County; the west is connected with theBenxi Manchu Autonomous County; and the northis linked by Xinbin Manchu Autonomous Countyand Tonghua county in Jilin Province. It is 19…     

旅游业进程中的土地利用时空变化研究——以云南省玉龙县为例

为深入探讨旅游业发展过程中对生态环境影响的程度与机理,研究选择地处滇西北生态脆弱区,旅游业发展较为迅速的云南省玉龙县作为研究对象,基于多期遥感影像,采用景观生态学中的空间格局指数分析研究区在旅游业起步的探索参与阶段(1988~1996年)和快速发展的发展巩固阶段(1996~2001年)的土地利用动态变化特征,并选择与玉龙县邻近,以农业为主导产业的永胜县进行横向对比。研究表明:以旅游业为主的人类活动是玉龙县土地利用变化的主要驱动力,导致景观格局的不连续性以及复杂程度不断提高;在旅游业发展更为快速的发展巩固阶段,旅游业相关的人类活动对于土地利用变化的驱动作用更为显著;玉龙县的发展实践表明,旅游业的发展尽管会对生态环境带来负面的影响,但在整体上会推动区域生态格局与功能的优化。     

陕西洋县朱鹮河流栖息地生境修复 研究

河流是朱鹮重要栖息地之一,在朱鹮逐渐转移至低 海拔区域生存的趋势下,提高河流栖息地生境质量是当前朱鹮 保护的重要内容之一。利用数据收集、现场调研、ArcGIS等 分析方法对近年来河流栖息地生态变化过程进行分析,分别从 栖息地适宜性、景观格局指数及生境质量3个方面探讨朱鹮河 流栖息地质量的状况,从中找出朱鹮河流栖息地生境的具体问 题。从不同河流生境尺度,探讨朱鹮河流栖息地的修复方法。