The Impacts of Economic Freedom and Institutional Quality on Migration from African Countries

The previous empirical literature suggests that socio-economic conditions and demographic pressures are triggering factors of migration from Africa. We propose that economic freedom and institutional quality indicators of African countries are also important determinants of out-migration from Africa. Hence, we investigate the effect of economic freedom and institutional quality on migration flow from 44 African countries to major migration destination countries. Aggregate indicators are derived for the quality of institutions and economic freedom using principal component analysis. Controlling for source and destination countries' income levels, population size, cultural, historical and physical distance, our findings provide evidence that migration flow from Africa is significantly determined by the institutional quality and economic freedom indicators in African countries. Our results are strongly robust to different econometric techniques used to control for sample selection bias, zero-valued observations and endogeneity concern. Hence, improving institutional quality and maintaining economic freedom in African countries matters significantly to control out-migration from Africa.     

Villages where China's ethnic minorities live

This paper investigates how ethnic minorities in rural China are faring compared with the ethnic majority. The village is the unit of analysis and large surveys for 2002 are used. Minority villages in northeast China are found to have a somewhat better economic situation than the average majority village, but minority villages in the southwest are clearly faring worse. Industrialisation, inputs in agricultural production, stock of human capital of the labour force, wage level on the local labour market as well as indicators of path dependency are all found to affect the economic situation of a village. Location is the single most important circumstance working against a favourable economic situation for minority villages in the northwest and particularly the southwest. Low village income results in long-distance migration for many ethnic minorities, but for some minorities their ethnicity hinders migration.     

Economic freedom and migration: A metro area-level analysis

We examine the determinants of intra-U.S. population migration at the metropolitan area level (MSA), with an emphasis on the presence of policies that are consistent with economic freedom. We are the first to produce a multivariate regression analysis of migration and economic freedom at the local level. Combining a 1993–2014 unbalanced panel of MSA-to-MSA migration data from the Internal Revenue Service with a new economic freedom index for U.S. metropolitan areas, we find that a 10% increase in economic freedom of a destination MSA, relative to the economic freedom of an origin MSA, was associated with a 27.4% increase in net migration from the origin MSA to the destination MSA. If we use mean net migration flows as a benchmark, we would expect a 10% increase in relative economic freedom to increase net migration to the destination MSA by 22 workers per year from each other MSA.     

基于BP神经网络的辽宁省物流需求预测研究

物流需求预测对经济发展具有重要作用。选取辽宁省2004—2021年的7个经济指标影响因素作为输入指标,货物运输量作为物流需求的输出指标,利用MATLAB R2022b软件,对辽宁省物流需求进行预测。利用灰色关联度分析法,对经济指标影响因素的关联度进行分析。结果认为,输入指标与输出指标具有较强关联度。随后,基于BP神经网络法构建物流需求预测模型,经过仿真预测,BP神经网络模型对物流需求预测具有有效性。     

International labour migration in the Asian-Pacific region: patterns,policies and economic implications

"This paper reviews the literature on international labour migration from and within the Asian-Pacific region. It deals with patterns and characteristics of migration flows, government policies towards labour migration, and economic implications of labour migration for both labour-exporting and importing countries in the region. The indications are that, despite gradual slowing down of labour flows to the western industrial countries and the Middle East, labour migration will continue to be a major economic influence on surplus-labour countries in the region. As an integral part of the growth dynamism in the region, labour migration has now begun to take on a regional dimension, with immense implications for the process of industrial restructuring in high growth economies and the changing pattern of economic interdependence among countries."     

中国“十二五”规划重要指标述评

十二五是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。作为我国未来五年经济、社会发展的规划蓝图,已发布的24个主要指标预示了未来发展的方向。在此,选取经济发展领域的3个预期性指标,以及人民生活领域的3个约束性指标,对其面临的主要问题及对策进行述评。这些指标的突破性意涵率先外露为以符合科学发展观要求的绩效考核和政绩考核体系,凸显政府在经济增长,以及资源环境保护、社会管理、公共服务等涉及公共利益领域需要履行的职责。     

基于供应链的农民专业合作经济组织绩效评价指标体系研究

文章以农民专业合作经济组织作为研究对象,从供应链的视角入手研究其绩效,通过研究国内外相关文献,结合相关原则,提出了农民专业合作经济组织的绩效评价指标体系。该指标体系包括经济效益、社会效益与生态效益3个一级指标,合作社总收入增长率、合作社总资产增长率等13个二级指标,并给出了相关的指标计算方法。     

基于产业梯度的广东省转移产业选择研究

区域间梯度转移是区域经济合作的一种趋势,广东省经济异常活跃,但其产业梯度明显,珠三角更是重要人口和社会经济活动的聚集地带,产业转移作为客观经济现象,珠三角向粤东西北地区产业梯度转移,是实现广东省协同发展的有效途径,产业转移必然要进行转移产业的选择,选取广东省工业部门为分析对象,引入产业梯度系数和产业动态聚集指数分析珠三角转出产业与粤东西北承接产业的选择,对比政府产业转移政策,从中得到相关启示,为政府的产业转移与承接提供参考。     

我国宏观经济先行指标体系构建的实证研究

宏观经济先行指标体系的构建对于宏观经济政策选择和企业、个人投资规划制定等都具有着重要意义。论文利用Granger因果检验从经济增长、投资、消费及出口四个方面构建了先行指标体系,遴选出5个循环指标、23个领先指标、7个滞后指标以及3个同步指标,构建出一个关于宏观经济预测的指标体系,并且就各部分的先行指标体系对基准指标的预测作用进行了实证分析。     

人口迁移对区域经济增长地区差异的影响分析——以陕西省为例

人口的大规模迁移流动是改革开放后我国经济社会发展的主要特征之一,其流动态势与区域之间的经济差距逐渐扩大趋势相耦合。文章以我国西部地区人口迁移与经济增长之间的关系为研究对象,以陕西省为例,分析迁移对省内各地级市的经济地区差距的影响。通过运用泰尔指数以及灰色关联度分析等方法,证明了迁移流动人口与区域经济发展具有极高的关联度。建立的人口迁移与经济增长之间计量模型的结果显示：1991—2004年期间劳动力流动有助于缩小地区间经济差距,使区域经济呈现出速度大于3％的条件收敛。并且人口迁移要素对经济增长的贡献显著,资本投入对经济增长也具有强大的推动作用。     

The impact of basic and social infrastructure investment on South African economic growth and development

Basic and social infrastructure investment can assist in addressing widespread inequality and divided societies by promoting economic growth and social development. The aim of this study is to determine whether basic and social infrastructure investment differently affect economic growth and social development indicators of urban and rural municipalities. We used a balanced panel dataset containing infrastructure, economic, demographic and social indicators for rural and urban municipalities for the period from 1996 to 2012. Principal component analysis was used to construct synthetic indices of basic and social infrastructure. Restricted within least squares dummy variable estimation techniques are used to evaluate the differences between urban and rural municipalities. The elasticities of basic and social infrastructure investment generally are more pronounced for economic growth and social development indicators in rural municipalities. These findings could potentially influence policy decisions in terms of infrastructure investment in favour of rural municipalities to increase economic growth and social development.     

江苏省区域经济差异的多元统计分析

文章选取33个经济指标,从经济发展、教育和人力资源、交通及通讯状况及卫生及环保四个子系统综合反映江苏省各市的经济状况,使用SPSS对江苏省区域经济差异作多元统计分析。首先,对各子系统内部指标进行因子分析,提取公因子,并对各市的单个因子得分及因子综合得分进行排序;然后,提取四个系统中,对各市子系统因子综合得分做聚类分析;最后,对江苏省经济发展给出相关政策建议。     

The Russian Far East: Searching for a demographic development strategy

The paper analyzes the population dynamics in the Russian Far East, the economic, social and demographic factors of migration processes in the region; the consequences of migration for the social and economic development of the region, the situation in its labor market, etc.     

Migration Experience of Village Leaders and Local Economic Development： Evidence from Rural China

This paper examines the impact of migration experience of village leaders on local economic development,based on the village-level data of the 2005 China General Social Survey.Our results show that the human capital of village leaders accumulated during the migration period has had a positive effect on per capita net income and per capita non-agricultural income in rural China.The migration experience of village leaders also plays a positive role in entrepreneurial activities in rural regions.From a policy perspective,these findings call attention to the importance of harnessing potential benefits of return migration to local economic development in rural China.     

Employment and Labor Productivity in Macroregions of Russia: Spatial Interdependence

The article shows that indicators of spatial distribution of employed and economic potential are becoming the key indicators of the economic development of Russia. It has been revealed that the localization of these resources determines the regional differentiation in labor productivity. Regression relationships between labor productivity, employment, urbanization parameters, agglomeration and localization have been determined. The forecast of regional localization of employment on macroregions of Russia has been carried out.     

美国流动人口管理及对我国的启示

人口作为生产者和消费者以及科学技术的载体,其流动不是简单的转移,人口流动是市场经济机制内在规律作用的必然结果,同时,又是导致生产方式和生活方式的改变以及社会经济结构变化的重要因素。美国是世界上人口流动最高的国家,每年大约有20%的人口在流动。包括国际人口流动和国内人口流动,这两股潮流汇集形成美国人口流动的总体特征。本文对美国的人口现状及特点分析的基础上,简要介绍了美国人口管理体制与相关政策,最后总结出可供我国在流动人口管理中借鉴的经验。     

基于成本控制的精益六西格玛模式创新研究——以跨国公司H集团HS事业部M系列产品物流优化为例

在成本控制理论与传统精益、六西格玛理论的基础上,提出了整合成本控制财务指标的精益六西格玛质量管理新模式。通过成本控制指标来评定、筛选真正为企业创造效益的优质精益六西格玛项目,不仅可以避免隐性成本上升的项目出现,并将改善成果反映在财务指标中,还可以通过成本控制等财务指标对项目进行长期追踪与控制。这一模式与精益六西格玛项目的思维模式不同之处在于更关注于经济效益的贡献与业务指标改善的统一：立足于财务评价体系,强调项目的选择与成果控制要以成本控制财务指标作为起点与终点。新模式的提出改变了传统质量管理中为了实施项目而选择项目,避免了项目对于一类业务指标改善而造成隐性成本上升的可能性,实现了改善成果对企业经济效益的长期贡献。     

Labour migration and economic performance: London and the Randstad,c. 1600–18001

In most studies of early modern north‐western Europe, England is regarded as the successor of the Netherlands in terms of economic leadership. Whereas related topics like institutional and technological change or changes in trade and capital flows have been incorporated into the research on the comparison of these two rival states, labour migration is usually omitted. This article aims to fill this lacuna by focusing on labour migration to the two core regions of the Netherlands and England: the Randstad and London. Two main research questions are raised in this article. First of all, in what way did the two cores and their hinterlands differ with regard to their demographic, economic, and spatial structures, and how did this contribute to different trends in labour migration over time? Secondly, what was the effect of the configuration of the demand and supply factors of London and the Randstad for their economies and for those who lived in them? By trying to answer these two questions this article aims not only to shed light on a hitherto largely unexplored topic in the comparative geographic, economic, and demographic history of the two countries, but also to contribute to the understanding of migration as a factor in the promotion of economic growth.     

Black americans and Ghanaians: Comparative patterns of internal migration

Conclusions For our purposes here, the analysis has been fruitful in that it has served to indicate and underscore in both general and specific terms the sources and determinants of migration movement and the destination of migrants. The qualitative analysis and the statistical test have led to several research conclusions. Both United States and Ghanaian migrants behave in accordance with the migration concepts examined. Common relationships between migration and economic opportunity are apparent. While push factors have generally initiated migratory movement among black Americans, particularly in respect to the South, both groups tend to move to regions with better economic opportunities. In both cases, migration is a negative function of distance, and a large labor force at the origin is a stimulus to out-migration at the origin.     

公益性农业科研经费投入绩效评价指标的探讨

在分析国内外公益性农业科研经费投入绩效指标选择的基础上,阐述了构建具有我国特色的公益性农业科研经费投入绩效评价指标的相关理论,提出了从经济绩效、科研绩效和社会绩效三个方面来阐述公益性农业科研经费投入绩效评价指标的观点,并具体分析了三者考核指标包含的二级指标和具体内涵。