当前我国农村金融市场主体行为研究

当前以及今后一个相当长的时期，中国农村的生产要素市场中，各生产要素的供给与需求的约束是各不相同的，因而在政策层层上在的表现也各不相同，与耕地、劳动力和技术相比，资金要素则有其特殊性，说农村中资金私有制，但又有大理资金流入城市，而且净流出的数额非常大，说资金充裕，又有许多农户因缺少资金，家庭经营只能维持简单再生产，高利贷也很普及，因此，正确认识和深入研究当前农村金融市场主体的经济行为，能够帮助各类金融机构更好地利用资金要素，推动农业产业结构和农村经济结构的调整，使农村生产要素的配置更合理、更有效率，以期达到稳定农产品供给和增加农民收入的目的。     

开拓农村资金市场 促进生产要素合理流动

农村改革,从去年起,由突破转向深入,经济发展由超常规增长转入了常规增长.进一步深化改革,旨在引导农民和农村经济走上有利于生产力发展的合理的经济组合.这就要建立和发展生产要素市场,实现各种生产要素的合理流动与配置.生产要素包括劳动、技术、资金、信息和生产资料等.发展生产要素市场,就要发展劳动市场、技术市场、资金市场、信息市场和生产资料市场等.生产诸要素的合理流动是调节各门类生产的必具条件,也是聚集与分配社会资源,优化生产组合,发展生产要素市场的有效方式.资金是生产诸要素的“粘合剂”与“催化剂”.没有资金要素的合理流动,就很难实现劳动、技术、信息及生产资料等要素的合理流动.也就很难形成有利于农村有计划商品经济发展的劳动、技术、信息及生产资料等要素市场.因此,开拓和发展农村资金市场,搞活农村金融,将是深化农村改革的一个新的突破口.     

新农村建设与金融支持(下)

正新农村建设资金需求与金融供给的反差及产生原因当前,新农村建设资金需求与金融供给存在反差。一方面,农村经济存在巨大的增长潜力,但其发展又受制于金融支持不足。农民建房和发展新产业贷款难、取得资金难的情况并不少见,这表明农村经济发展受制于金融支持的不足。另一方面,农村经济中又蕴含着巨大的金融供给潜力,却不能为农村提供更有效的资金供给。江西全省存款刚突破两万亿元,其中40%左右即8000多亿元来自于县以下,但真正用到农村的贷款,只有4000亿元左右。大量的农村资金通过邮政储蓄、国有商业银行外流到     

农业产业化模式下典型金融供给模式探析

在解决"三农"问题、建设社会主义新农村过程中,金融支持是必不可少的动力。随着农业产业化发展步伐的加快,农村经济组织的资金需求呈现增长势头,且需求更具集中性和规模性。但目前金融供给的现状与农村经济的多元化需求不相适应,融资约束仍然是制约农村经济产业化发展的重要瓶颈之一。调查中也发现,当前农村金融中针对农业产业化发展现状,也推出了一些特色金融供给模式,在一定程度上扭转资金要素的不合理流动,有效增加了农村金融供给。     

金融支持新农村建设亟待解决"轻型化"问题

社会主义新农村建设是全面建设小康社会的重大战略举措,有利于巩固农业基础、增加农民收入、增强农村生产力,同时也有利于缓解当前产能过剩、城乡差距拉大等经济和社会问题.金融作为现代经济的核心,信贷资金投入无疑将是新农村建设的重要生产要素.但目前这一要素的投入还面临着许多障碍亟待破解,农村资金轻型化问题就是一个需要关注的问题.     

农信社改革发展若干问题探讨(下)

关于农村金融服务一方面农村经济存在巨大增长潜力,但"三农"发展受制于金融支持不足,资金困难成为农村地区发展的突出制约因素;另一方面,农村经济中又蕴含着巨大的金融供给潜力,却不能为农村提供更有效的资金供给。全国银行机构存款资金40%左右来源于县及县以下,但真正用在县及以下的贷款不足20%。大量资金通过各种金融中介转移到农村以外地区。不要说外源性资金,就是农村地区自身的资金潜力都不能借助于有效的金融机制,为农村经济发展服务。整个经济中存在大量流动性过剩和金融脱媒现象,而农村地区资金不足问题却十分突出。为什么会产生金融供求之间的这种反差?     

基于供给侧结构性改革视角下的财务精细化管理分析

供给侧结构性改革主要表示生产要素在配置划分内,提升不同生产要素整合效果,提升产生要素提供效率,提升供给质量及效率。在最大限度上提升供给结构对需求变化的灵活以及适应性,最终有效提高全要素的实际生产效率。从当前我国企业财务工作实施现状来看,供需之间还存在有较多的矛盾和缺陷,而在此时将供给侧结构性改革充分融入服务领域之中,则可以有效地推动企业的改革发展,解决财务工作实施过程中存在的困难和不足。     

推动金融支持和服务新农村建设的思考——以三明为视角

农村金融对于新农村建设发挥着越来越重要的作用。如何推动金融机构发挥农业经济生产要素中资金供给主体的作用,更好地支持和服务新农村建设,是做好“三农”工作的突破口。本文通过总结近年来农村金融支持农村工作的成效,深入分析当前存在的困难和问题,提出新形势下农村金融将商业化经营与服务“三农”有机结合,实现社会效益和经济效益的统一,实现金融机构和农村经济合作共赢的对策思考。     

需求与对策：优化农民专业合作社发展的生产要素环境的思考

良好的生产要素环境有利于推动市场主体发展。土地、劳动、资本、技术等生产要素是农民专业合作社发展所需的核心生产要素。但我国农村生产要素环境还存在一些制约农民专业合作社发展的瓶颈问题,如土地要素资源供给不足,劳动要素资源质量偏低,技术要素资源供给滞后,资本要素资源获取困难。政府应当加大对农民专业合作社发展所需的核心生产要素环境的优化,实现各类要素资源供给充沛、质量优良、流动活跃、配置合理,更好地促进农民专业合作社的发展。     

金融支持新农村建设亟待解决“轻型化”问题

<正>社会主义新农村建设是全面建设小康社会的重大战略举措,有利于巩固农业基础、增加农民收入、增强农村生产力,同时也有利于缓解当前产能过剩、城乡差距拉大等经济和社会问题、金融作为现代经济的核心,信贷资金投入无疑将是新农村建设的重要生产要素。但目前这一要素的投入还面临着许多障碍亟待破解,农村资金轻型化问题就是一个需要关注的问题。     

SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS IN MOTOR INSURANCE IN THAILAND

ABSTRACT: The 1990s saw rapid economic growth in Thailand. Motor insurance grew enormously, becoming the biggest income earner for total general business (both for the whole industry and for many individual companies). Cash flow underwriting seemed to be the recipe for success in a competitive market.
The agency distribution system for motor insurance in Thailand is almost wholly controlled by finance companies and banks, which expect a high rate of commission. Their delay in paying over the premiums to the insurers created bad-debt problems after the 1997 economic crash, when the government closed many of these financing companies. This also meant an end to the motor insurance boom, with a decrease in premium income and a reduction in investment returns and assets, thus threatening solvency margins.
Earlier in the decade, in 1993, there was the introduction of compulsory third-party insurance, followed by the establishment by the government of provincial bureaus to help these third-party claimants. And in 2000, just in time for the next wave of economic growth, a new rating system has been introduced to bring sophistication to the basic process of evaluating and pricing different risks, though still within a government tariff system. Liberalization is coming, in stages, and the industry is making changes so as to be in a fit state to cope with the increased competition and opportunities that this liberalization will bring.
Like all setbacks, the crash of 1997 was an opportunity for Thai motor insurers to examine the fundamentals of their business and plan to increase their professionalism. Some are already well on the way to high-quality service, meeting ISO 9002 standards, and have begun Internet trading.     

在商海中培养,由市场中造就--建立面向市场的金融人才队伍的思考

"未来市场中的稀缺资源不再是资本,而是优秀的人才."美国企管界大师史考特·派瑞博士如是说. 金融改革除体制、机制等结构或政策性改革的重要性外,人的把这部分网点的得关注与探讨.竞争已不单单表现在金融产品、市场份额、服务质量等方面,更突出的表现在对人才资源争夺上.     

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING IN SPAIN

This paper provides an analysis of the present situation concerning local government accounting in Spain following recent reforms introduced in the early nineties. It presents a picture of the main features of Spanish local finance—budgeting and accounting, the measurement focus, and the basis of accounting—and analyses the financial reporting system adopted by Spanish municipalities. This is followed by a critical review of several weak points in the reform which in the author's view will encourage further developments.     

CHANGES IN POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper presents new data on poverty, inequality, and growthin those developing countries of the world for which the requisitestatistics are available. Eco-nomic growth is found generallybut not always to reduce poverty. Growth, however, is foundto have very little to do with income inequality. Thus the "economiclaws" linking the rate of growth and the distribution of benefitsreceive only very tenuous empirical support here.      

REGULARITIES IN THE VARIATION OF SKEWNESS IN ASSET RETURNS

This paper documents regularities in the comparative skewness characteristics across several classes of assets and over time. We find smaller capitalized stock indices are more negatively skewed than larger stock indices. Over time, the skewness of stock indices follows a business-cycle-related variation. Skewness is more negative during economic upturns and less negative, even positive, during downturns. Three alternative methods for testing the statistical significance of skewness and for making confidence interval estimates of skewness are presented. These include a bootstrap methodology and a test that allows for nonindependent observations.     

CORRELATED BEHAVIOR IN LIMIT ORDER CANCELLATIONS,COMOVEMENT IN ASSET RETURNS,AND COMMONALITY IN LIQUIDITY

We examine whether there is common behavior in limit order cancellation activity, that is, commonality in cancellation activity, on U.S. exchanges. We then examine whether this commonality in cancellation activity is associated with increased levels of return comovement and commonality in liquidity. We document strong evidence of limit order traders exhibiting exchange, industry, marketwide, and stock-level commonality with regard to cancellation activity, which is consistent with limit order traders exhibiting correlated trading behavior. We also find that this correlated behavior in cancellation activity is associated with increased levels of return comovement and commonality in liquidity.