中国大城市居民主要死因对死亡性别差异的影响

对1999年中国大城市居民分性别的死因分析发现,男女死因顺位略有不同.以第三次人口普查的年龄结构为标准,对分性别、分疾病的死亡率进行标准化后发现,对粗死亡率性别差异贡献最大的死因依次是恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒.进一步分析了肿瘤、心脏病和呼吸系统疾病中的几种疾病死亡率的性别差异.     

恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病和心脏病为我国居民主要“杀手” 卫生部公布我国居民主要死因

卫生部近日公布了2005年城乡居民主要死亡原因，恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和心脏病为城市居民前3位死因，农村居民前3位死因分别为呼吸系统疾病、脑血管病和恶性肿瘤。专家称，慢性病已成为我国目前最沉重的疾病负担。     

对1987-2010年我国老年人口自杀死亡的研究分析

利用人口死因的抽样调查资料和数次中国人口普查资料的年龄性别内插数据,对1987-2010年我国老年人口自杀死亡的趋势、城乡差异和性别差异作了分析,探讨了老人自杀死亡的原因,并提出了相关的防范措施。     

南京排出十大“疾病杀手”座次循环系统、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病列死因前三位

2008年3月12日，南京市疾病控制中心公布了去年我市居民死亡原因分析，十大“疾病杀手”中，循环系统、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病列死因前三位。     

死亡率性别差异对终身寿险纯保费的影响分析

利用<中国人寿保险业经验生命表(2000-2003)>的数据,定义一个纯保费性别比率(PR)函数,分析死亡率性别差异对终身寿险纯保费性别差异的影响.对于同一年龄不同性别的投保人.预定利率越高,PR值越大;在不同的预定利率下,PR值差异随着授保人年龄的增加而先增加后不断缩小,PR值随着投保人投保年龄的上升而下降.     

死亡率性别差异对终身寿险纯保费的影响分析

利用《中国人寿保险业经验生命表（2000—2003）》的数据，定义一个纯保费性别比率（PR）函数，分析死亡率性别差异对终身寿险纯保费性别差异的影响。对于同一年龄不同性别的投保人，预定利率越高，PR值越大；在不同的预定利率下，PR值差异随着投保人年龄的增加而先增加后不断缩小，PR值随着投保人投保年龄的上升而下降。     

男性的最佳食物

据统计,男性10大死因中有4项与饮食有关,包括癌症、脑血管疾病、心脏病和糖尿病.以下12种食品对男性健康有益,建议男士们多多摄取.     

语言性别差异对跨性别交际的影响

不同性别的人们在使用同一种语言交际时,由于缺乏对异性语言特点的认识,往往会不自觉地以自己的性别文化规则解释、判断和评价对方的言语行为.本文通过语音、词汇和句法三方面来阐述英语性别语言差异,分析语言性别差异的原因以及由语言性别差异引起的跨性别交际失误,并提出一些为成功进行跨性别交际所应注意和回避的方面,以达到有效交际的目的.     

对人力资源配置中性别歧视理论浅析

对性别差异平等问题的研究，可以说是古今中外人们一直关注和研究的问题，在现实社会中，虽然在法律上要求平等，在劳动中对性别差异的特殊要求越来越少，但还是存在着性别的歧视。我国目前人力资源管理开发中仍然存在着性别差异的问题，有学者对此进行了有益的分析探讨，提出了一些所有说明服力的观点，值得我们学习、借鉴和作进一步研究。分析探讨人力资源配置中存在的性别差异的因素或阻碍性别平等的原因，寻求其根源，揭示其本质所在，是人力资源管理理论和实际需要解决的问题。     

中国男女性别人口死亡率联合预测——基于Li-Lee模型与Lee-Carter模型的比较研究

充分利用男女性别人口死亡率数据的有效信息,联合预测男女人口死亡率,能够提升死亡率建模方法的科学性和预测结果的合理性。选取国家统计局公布的分年龄、分性别人口死亡率数据,采用多人口Li-Lee模型对男女性别人口死亡率进行联合预测,并将预测结果与单人口Lee-Carter模型进行比较,以探寻适合中国人口死亡率预测的模型方法。研究表明,相对于Lee-Carter模型,Li-Lee模型在中国男女性别人口死亡率拟合与预测中具有较好的表现,全样本拟合值的绝对百分比误差平均降低了0.23%,且短期预测值精确度相对较高。同时,Li-Lee模型预测的人口死亡率性别比在长期中能够进入合理区间,避免了出现Lee-Carter模型预测结果中的异常数值,并通过补充中国台湾省人口死亡率数据,进一步验证了Li-Lee模型长期预测结果的稳健性。研究结论能够为我国积极应对人口老龄化、落实人口中长期均衡发展战略提供基础性支撑信息。     

基于普查数据的中国劳动适龄人口分析

基于 2 0 0 0年人口普查数据 ,对中国劳动适龄人口的基本态势作了分析和概括 ,主要涉及劳动适龄人口的数量、增长率、自然结构、受教育程度以及劳动适龄人口分布与投资分布相互匹配的关系。中国劳动适龄人口总量庞大 ,增长迅速 ,其性别比下降 ,中位年龄增大 ,受教育程度不高 ,且存在着悬殊的地区差异。如何化解劳动适龄人口的巨大压力 ,改善就业状况 ,将是中国在今后一段很长时期内的重大问题     

浙江出生性别比变动态势及有关问题的探讨

利用普查资料对浙江出生性别比变动特点进行统计事实描述,企图从中寻找出一些有意义的统计学规律。对浙江出生性别比的下降性质、评估标准和转变临界点作了探讨。     

What a Difference a Y makes-Female and Male Nascent Entrepreneurs in Germany

In western industrialized countries men are on average more than twice as active in entrepreneurship as women. Based on data from a recent representative survey of the adult population in Germany this paper uses an empirical model for the decision to become self-employed to test for differences between women and men in the ceteris paribus impact of several characteristics and attitudes, taking the rare events nature of becoming an entrepreneur into account. Furthermore, a non-parametric approach using Mahalanobis- distance matching of man and woman which are as similar as possible in all characteristics and attitudes but the “small difference” is used to investigate the difference in the propensity to become self-employed by sex. A core finding is that the difference between men and women in both the extent and the effect of considering fear of failure to be a reason not to start one’s own business is important for the explanation of the gap in entrepreneurship by sex.     

Safety at play: let's all help to prevent drowning

The association between place of residence, population density, relief and type of event (collision or non-collision of the vehicle) has not been evaluated in developing countries. The main objective of this study is to determine the differential factors associated with the occurrence of deaths of collision and non-collision automobile users in Patagonia, Argentina. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using as the dependent variable death by car accident (collision or non-collision of the vehicle) and sex, age, place of residence of the victim, relief and population density as the independent variables. Collision fatalities were related to areas of high population density, while non-collision fatalities were related to areas of low population density, mountainous landscape and place of residence of the victims outside the Patagonian region. The results obtained in this study indicate the need to develop differential primary prevention policies by place of residence of car occupants, focusing on Patagonia non-resident drivers and by emphasising non-collision accidents.     

Mortality in elderly injured patients: the role of comorbidities

Home injuries in older people are an important cause of morbidity, disability and death. In addition, the presence of a pre-existing disease has generally been shown to be associated with higher mortality in this population. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between pre-existing chronic conditions and risk of death among older trauma patients. A retrospective study was conducted in the Lazio Region, including the city of Rome. The study included all the people aged 65 years or older who were admitted to emergency departments in the year 2000 for home or road injuries, which was followed by hospitalisation within 24 hours. Comorbidities are quantified according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The outcome of interest was 30-day mortality. To measure the association between comorbidities and the probability of death, logistic regression was used, adjusting for triage code, sex, age and place of injury. An analysis stratified by triage was also performed. It was found that 17.9% of the injured subjects (8145) were affected by one or more chronic conditions. The probability of death was higher among males, older people, more severe patients and in cases of home accident. Risk of death for non-urgent and urgent patients increased with the increasing of the CCI score. Mortality among very urgent injured elderly was not affected by the presence of chronic conditions. It was concluded that chronic conditions are strong determinants of mortality, particularly for mild injuries.     

Measuring contamination in an injury prevention randomized controlled trial

The objective was to study the external causes of death reported in the autopsy centre in Kathmandu, Nepal. A retrospective review of case report documentation of all violent and traumatic death autopsies was conducted in Kathmandu from mid-July 2000 to mid-July 2004. A total of 4383 autopsies were conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kathmandu. There were 1072 (25%) cases of suicide, 380 (9%) homicide, 1399 (32%) accidental, 598 (14%) deaths as a result of natural diseases and 923 (21%) undetermined causes of death. The number of males was almost twice that of females (sex ratio 2.2:1). Persons aged 15 to 44 years comprised about two-thirds of the total reported fatalities (65.4%). Suicides were mostly reported due to hanging, homicides mostly due to firearms and explosives, accidents mostly due to road traffic injuries. More than 60% of road traffic injuries resulted among pedestrians. Suicides, homicides and accidental deaths remain a poorly identified public health issue in Nepal. Medico-legal autopsy reports can serve as an important tool in understanding fatalities from violence and injuries for countries similar to Nepal. Strengthening a regular mechanism for compilation and utilization of the information, however, remains a major challenge.     

A review of violent and traumatic deaths in Kathmandu, Nepal

The objective was to study the external causes of death reported in the autopsy centre in Kathmandu, Nepal. A retrospective review of case report documentation of all violent and traumatic death autopsies was conducted in Kathmandu from mid-July 2000 to mid-July 2004. A total of 4383 autopsies were conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kathmandu. There were 1072 (25%) cases of suicide, 380 (9%) homicide, 1399 (32%) accidental, 598 (14%) deaths as a result of natural diseases and 923 (21%) undetermined causes of death. The number of males was almost twice that of females (sex ratio 2.2:1). Persons aged 15 to 44 years comprised about two-thirds of the total reported fatalities (65.4%). Suicides were mostly reported due to hanging, homicides mostly due to firearms and explosives, accidents mostly due to road traffic injuries. More than 60% of road traffic injuries resulted among pedestrians. Suicides, homicides and accidental deaths remain a poorly identified public health issue in Nepal. Medico-legal autopsy reports can serve as an important tool in understanding fatalities from violence and injuries for countries similar to Nepal. Strengthening a regular mechanism for compilation and utilization of the information, however, remains a major challenge.     

中国婚姻拥挤研究

婚姻拥挤问题是中国人口转变过程中面临的热点问题之一。本文就此提出了一些新的概念和分析模型 ,对婚姻拥挤的测度方法进行了探讨 ,并在实际人口数据的基础上采用婚配性别比测试对中国曾经与即将发生的婚姻拥挤进行了分析与比较。本文从终身不婚比例、初婚年龄和夫妇年龄差三个方面对于婚姻拥挤的后果进行了分析。研究表明 ,我国现阶段出生性别比失调对未来婚姻拥挤的影响不可忽视 ,但是并不像一些传媒所宣传的那样严重     

2002-2012年世界卫生组织发布的疫情信息分析

[目的]了解历年来全球疫情信息,为制定口岸防控策略提供依据。[方法]对2002-2012年世界卫生组织所公布的疫情信息进行收集、整理和分析。[结果]所报道的传染病共涉及45个病种,分布在6大洲,203个国家和地区;呼吸道传染病的信息条数最多,消化道传染病病例数最多,出血热类传染病病死率最高;消化道传染病、虫媒传染病、其他传染病和未确诊疾病均在非洲最多。[结论]世界卫生组织网站公布的疫情信息对于传染病预警有重要意义;针对非洲等地区的重点航班、重点航线加强检疫非常必要;呼吸道传染病是国境卫生检疫防控的重点疾病;对入境人员中有消化道症状的人员仍应开展经典的消化道传染病筛查,对病毒性出血热类疾病也应提高警惕。     

生育率转变过程中家庭子女性别结构的变化－对人口出生性别比偏高的另一种思考

从新的角度对中国人口出生性别比持续偏高现象的原因与表现进行了分析。指出,人口（生育率下降）与社会（生育中的“性别偏好”）因素均对人口性别结构的变化产生影响。妇女曾生（或存活）子女性别比偏离正常值和具有不同孩子性别组合的家庭分布与构成发生变化,是人口出生性别比失常的另一类“积累性”和“后果性”表现。同时,它们具有方法论意义。