Simulating in-store lighting and temperature with visual aids: methodological propositions and S–O–R effects

Lighting and temperature are two important stimuli in sensory marketing. However, these stimuli have not yet been studied in controlled retail environments. The objective of this research is twofold: (1) to propose a methodology to infer the effect of different levels of lighting and temperature in a controlled environment with visual aids and (2) to test the impact of these simulated stimuli on environmental perceptions and behavioral intentions, following a Stimulus–Organism–Response model. This model postulates that stimuli should influence internal responses which in turn shall have an impact on behavioral responses. This research is based on the encoding and retrieval literature as well as the literature in physics, ergonomics and environmental psychology. In Study 1, we manipulated lighting and temperature levels in digital photographic images, using relevant cues (illuminance and color temperature for lighting; clothing and activity level for temperature). A between-subjects design experiment was carried out over 387 respondents: two simulated levels of lighting (bright cool light and soft warm light) × two simulated levels of temperature (slightly warm temperature and slightly cool temperature) × three types of stores (jeans store, bookstore, and furniture store). We found that under these simulated conditions, the participants accurately perceived the differences of lighting and temperature levels, as we predicted. In Study 2, the same photographs were used in a within-between subjects design over 110 participants and 330 observations. We tested the impact of these simulated stimuli on environmental perceptions (stimulating and relaxing) and behavioral intentions (intention to buy and intention to spend time in the store). Both a bright cool light and a slightly warm temperature had a stimulating effect on participants’ store perception. Under these conditions, participants also increased their intentions to buy and to spend time in the store. The stimulative perception mediates the relationship between (1) lighting and both intention to spend time in the store and purchase intention and (2) temperature and intention to spend time in the store. These results confirm the benefit of using digitally manipulated stimuli with photographs in controlled environments.     

高职高专院校法学精品课程建设理论初探

法学是一门实践性很强的学科,高职高专院校又是以培养应用型人才为已任,其法学教学与一般本科院校存在明显差异,具有显著的职业性、应用性以及实践性等特点,因此,其精品课程建设应当有其自身的规律以及特定的内容和目标。加强教材建设,矫正"模拟法庭"教学误区,开发诊所式教育基地,提高师资队伍素质是法学精品课程建设的重中之重。     

A TEST OF A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM STOCK OPTION PRICING MODEL

An empirical version of the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985a) call option pricing model is derived, assuming execution price uncertainty in the options market. the pricing restrictions come in the form of moment conditions in the option pricing error. These can be estimated and tested using a version of the method of simulated moments (MSM). Simulation estimates, obtained by discretely approximating the risk-neutral processes of the underlying stock price and the interest rate, are substituted for analytically unknown call prices. the asymptotics and other aspects of the MSM estimator are discussed. the model is tested on transaction prices at 15-minute intervals. It substantially outperforms the Black-Scholes model. the empirical success of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model implies that the continuous-time interest rate implicit in synchronous transaction quotes of 90-day Treasury-bill futures contracts is an-albeit noisy-proxy for the instantaneous volatility on common stock. the process of the instantaneous volatility is found to be close to nonstationary. It is well approximated by a heteroskedastic unit-root process. With this approximation, the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model only slightly overprices long-maturity options.     

一种基于混合智能算法的协作中继选择新方法

针对多用户多中继场景下协作通信系统的中继选择问题,提出了一种基于混合智能算法的协作中继选择新方法。不同于现有的为每个源节点分配一个中继节点的中继选择方法,新方法建立了为每个源节点分配一个或多个中继节点的优化模型,以最大化多用户多中继协作系统的最小接收信噪比为优化目标,采用结合了模拟退火与遗传算法的混合智能算法来搜寻中继选择问题的最优解。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著提高目的端的接收信噪比,且算法具有较强的全局搜索和快速寻优能力。     

模拟谈判法在国际商务谈判教学中的应用研究

模拟谈判法是在国际商务谈判实践教学中行之有效的教学方法之一。模拟谈判法的实施过程包括选择模拟谈判案例、合理分组、模拟谈判前的准备工作、实施模拟谈判、教师点评与总结、谈判报告的完善与提交六大步骤。目前的模拟谈判教学实践在课程设置、教学条件、学生掌握程度和运用能力等方面仍存在问题,应从建立专门的谈判室、提高教师的综合水平、加强英语在模拟谈判中的使用、提高实训考核所占比例等方面加以改善。     

Consumer purchase behaviour of irradiated beef products: a simulated supermarket setting

In December 1997, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of irradiation to kill harmful bacteria in beef. As a result of limited information about consumers’ potential response to implementation of this technology, a supermarket simulation setting (SSS) test was conducted to assess consumer purchase behaviour. The objectives were to determine consumers’ willingness to purchase irradiated beef products when provided with information at the grocery store level and consumer's perceptions towards irradiated beef. Primary household grocery shoppers (n = 207) in Griffin, Georgia, USA who consumed beef at least twice per week participated in the study. Ground beef, ground chuck, top round steak and rib eye steak were displayed in refrigerated cases in either traditionally labelled packages (non‐irradiated) or in packages labelled as irradiated. Irradiated and non‐irradiated beef had the same unit price. Participants were instructed to purchase two packages of each cut on their first shopping trip; they then shopped a second time after an informative poster about irradiation had been placed in the display cases. The results indicated that irradiation information displayed on the poster at the point of purchase was effective in causing significant change in beef purchase behaviour. The information caused some consumers who had bought traditional packages initially to buy irradiated packages subsequently while others who bought irradiated packages initially subsequently bought traditional packages. Hence, the net effect of the information was minimal. A mean test across form/cut showed that consumers did not differentiate between the ground form and the muscle form in selecting irradiated packages.     

基于星载AIS信息的船舶模拟训练平台

针对传统大型三维视景模拟训练系统存在的真实感差、成本高、人工干预程度大等问题,构建了一种基于星载自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)信息的船舶模拟训练平台。该平台引入星载AIS数据提取实船静动态消息,经数据清洗、插值和融合后生成完整航线,能够用AIS真实数据驱动二维电子海图显示,生成三维视景。平台集成多元电子海图数据源,提供融合AIS和雷达目标信息的二次开发接口。在保证航行安全的前提下,船舶态势形成追越、会遇局面时,模拟船能够自动完成车舵操作并给出相应的灯光音响信号。该平台能够为复杂条件下航行与编队运动训练课目提供基础支撑。     

多小区OFDMA系统基于改进PSA的资源分配算法

针对载波、功率资源分配问题,考虑本小区对其它小区的干扰情况,提出了一种应用于多 小区正交频分多址复用（OFDMA）系统中的改进罚函数模拟退火(PSA)算法。该问题模型是在 传输速率和性能 一定的条件下,最小化传输功率。该算法是一种随机寻优算法,是一种能将局部搜索扩展为 全局搜索的启发式算法。仿真结果表明,改进算法简化了问题模型,可以在不影响系统性能 的情况下减少运算时间。基于模拟退火算法的离散功率的取值具有随机性,但是整体规律性 仍很明显,且能够获得较高的单位功率吞吐量。     

空间面板随机前沿模型及技术效率估计

随机前沿模型是测算技术效率的重要方法之一.通常,模型假设生产单元之间彼此独立,然而在技术扩散过程中,空间外部性起着重要作用.文章结合随机前沿模型理论与空间经济计量分析方法,构建空间面板随机前沿模型,同时考虑空间滞后因变量和空间误差自相关,并逐步放松模型设定条件,首先考虑技术效率时变,接着引入技术无效率项的异方差性,之后考虑观察数据中潜在的截面异质性,分别以引入随机截面特有项和设定随机系数的形式来表示截面异质性.针对各种模型设定提出相应的参数估计方法,最后给出技术效率的估计.     

网络功能虚拟化中的性能感知服务组合优化

服务功能链是网络功能虚拟化的重要支撑,为了构建满足功能和性能需求的服务功能链,需要建立服务的性能模型,从而产生基于性能的服务组合优化问题。一种基于性能模型的服务组合优化问题被建模,并针对复杂约束情况下的无效解干扰,提出了改进的模拟退火算法,该算法包含基于层次属性的产生函数和基于偏离度的目标函数。仿真结果表明,该算法提高了21%的服务组合成功率,同时降低了组合成本和时间消耗。仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

高度综合化航电系统对象管理模型设计与应用

针对航空电子信息系统对象建模过程存在效率低下的问题,结合高度综合化航电系统特点,采用面向对象设计思想及建模方法,分析了航电系统对象组成及相互关系,研究了系统基类设计构型,并在此基础上提出了基于虚拟表单的高度综合化航电系统对象管理模型。该模型的应用为航电系统设计研制提供了灵活、动态的管理手段,在辅助开发设计人员对系统进行面向对象建模的同时,显著提高了系统研发管理效率。     

航天发射场测控设备的无人机模拟训练方法

针对航天发射场测控设备操作人员使用常规训练手段与实际操作环境差距较大的问题，提出了一种较为实用的无人机模拟训练方法。利用实际任务中获取的真实测量数据生成训练任务，由无人机搭载相关任务载荷执行，并结合发射场已有的测控设备来跟踪无人机完成模拟训练。通过对无人机的飞行航路模拟和任务载荷测量信号的动态模拟，可为参训人员提供接近实战的训练环境。仿真结果表明，该方法可实现与真实测量数据极为接近的模拟训练数据，因而参训人员通过模拟训练中获得的训练效果与实战基本一致，在提升了训练的真实性和针对性的同时，可有效提高操作人员的综合操作能力。     

MIMO雷达混沌相位编码信号设计与分析

传统的优化算法需要进行组合优化过程,存在算法复杂、耗时的问题,为此,设计了能够 快速获得MIMO（Multiple Input and Multiple Output）雷达正交相位编码信号的方法。基 于混沌映射信号良好的相关特性和类随机特性,对Henon和Logistic混沌映射序列进行采样 截取和二值量化得到二相码元,最后调制得到正交相位编码信号。仿真结果表明,利用这两 种混沌映射序列可以快速获得符合条件的正交相位编码信号。     

Metaheuristics in Logistics and Supply Chain Management

The modeling of logistics systems is performed to seek the best possible system configuration to minimize costs or maximize operational performance, in order to meet or exceed customer expectations. Classically, analytic system analysis of this type has been performed using optimization, simulation, or heuristics. However, in the past two decades, a newer class of techniques, metaheuristics, has emerged as a capable method for quickly providing near‐optimal solutions for problems that exact optimization cannot solve. This article outlines recent advances in metaheuristics development, and considers the ability of these advanced techniques to resolve various logistics and supply chain problem types. Specifically, the article discusses the ant colony optimization, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and tabu search metaheuristics. The capabilities of these metaheuristic techniques to examine supply chain risk and disruptions, intermodal operations, customer service trade‐offs, backhaul strategies, and simultaneous facility location and vehicle route problems are proposed. The article concludes by describing how faculty can bring these techniques into the classroom to ensure their students enter the logistics and supply chain field with a current and relevant understanding of the state of the art in supply chain design techniques.     

基于优化RBF神经网络的无线室内定位

针对径向基函数（Radial Basis Function,RBF）神经网络算法在无线网络室内定位中拓扑结构和网络参数难以确定,其定位效果不理想的问题,提出了一种用核主成分分析的模糊C均值聚类算法（Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis,KPCA-FCM）和模拟退火自适应遗传算法（Simulated Annealing adaptive Genetic Algorithm,SAGA）优化RBF神经网络的无线室内定位算法。首先利用KPCA对原始训练数据样本进行数据预处理,再通过KPCA-FCM算法计算出最优聚类数目和聚类中心点;其次将聚类数目和聚类中心点作为隐含层神经元个数和中心值,创建RBF神经网络,并将其网络参数映射到SAGA算法中;再次由SAGA算法进行网络参数寻优,把最优的解映射回RBF神经网络;最后利用样本数据对RBF神经网络进行训练和测试,完成建立RBF神经网络算法模型。实验表明,在相同的环境中,所提算法比传统RBF神经网络定位精度提高了48.41%。     

手征媒质反射特性仿真计算

手征媒质是双各向同性媒质的一种,其手征参数具有可调性。首先,在标准粒子群 算法(PSO)和模拟退火（SA）算法的基础上进行了改进,并利用混合算法优化设计手征参数 及媒质 厚度,以在给定的频率范围内获得较高的吸收率。然后,仿真计算了某一个参数取不同值而 其它参数固定情况下电磁波垂直入射到手征媒质时的反射系数。结果证明,只有在最优化参 数条件下才可以在频带内获得较理想的吸收率和反射系数。     

提单公约下承运人责任制度的变化及对我国海商法的影响

《鹿特丹规则》的通过,再次使承运人责任制度发生了较大变化,该规则关于承运人的赔偿责任基础、责任期间、责任免除、赔偿责任限额的规定均对《海牙规则》、《海牙—维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》的相关规定作了不同程度的改变,特别在承运人的赔偿责任基础问题上实行的综合责任制,更具有明显的优势。可以预计,它将为国际社会普遍接受,对各国海商法产生直接的影响。     

揭开神秘的面纱：民事诉讼标的识别理论的解放

诉讼标的是民事诉讼法学者必须经过的一座桥,然这一重要概念却长期处于不休的学说论争中,这给民事诉讼理论体系的安定性带来了不小的冲击。因此,诉讼标的理论需要在长期的学说论争中妥协,从而寻获一条相对合理的解释路径。对于诉讼标的的认识应正本清源,从其设定本旨出发去探寻和了解其真意,进而合理择定其识别基准。同时,诉讼标的的识别基准还应辅以虑及一国之民事司法环境。在这样的前提下,旧实体法说是一种相对合理且适切的选择。虽然旧实体法说有其固有缺陷,但可以通过程序法和实体法的互动与协作,以制度联动的方式帮助旧实体法说理论脱困,使其在理论阐释和司法实践中发挥着双重功效与机能。     

经济转型期我国区域分工演化分析

本文在探讨区域分工理论的基础上,分析了经济转型时期我国区域分工的特征与发展势态。作者指出,在全国产业结构趋同客观存在的同时,资源型区域产业虚髙度化明显,区域分工向不利于其长期战略的方向发展,进而提出了协调我国区域分工的几点设想。