网络对旅游的影响——从营销到供应链和贫困人口受益

当前,我国对网络和旅游之间关系的研究和实践,集中在如何通过网络进行高效的旅游产品(或目的地)营销上.网络旅游营销大致可以分为两种基本流转形式:网络直销和网络中介交易.前者是指需求方和供应方直接利用网络所开展的交易活动,例如潜在出行者通过登录航空公司、接待设施等相关网站购买与旅游活动相关的各种服务.后者是指需求方和供应方通过第三方平台开展的交易活动,例如通过旅行社网站,以及其他专门的旅游网站购买旅游产品.     

论旅游目的地联合营销的理论基础及其对中国的启示

时于以旅游经济为支柱的地区来说,目的地营销一直是一项极具挑战性的任务.联合营销可能为目的地旅游组织解决这一挑战提供有效的路径.本文以组织关系理论为基础,探讨和阐述旅游目的地联合营销的先决条件、动机成因、合作过程和预期成果,并对其理论和实战两个层面的影响进行阐述.     

结构方程模型之旅游研究近况——理性回顾、审视与反思

基于中国期刊全文数据库(CPFD)和外文期刊数据库Elsevier Science Direct Databases (ESDD)检索到的相关旅游论文,文章分析了学术期刊文献反映出的结构方程模型(SEM)的旅游相关研究与应用概况,对近期(指2008年至今)SEM在国内外旅游中的研究内容与重要发现进行了回顾,对该方面表现出的国内外差异进行了反思,并从方法论的视角对SEM近期在国内外旅游研究应用中显现出的问题进行了理性审视,以期明晰SEM的旅游研究概况,揭示其近期国内外应用现状及异同,为更加科学恰当的应用该方法提供基础的理论参考.     

关于旅游供应链研究中几个问题的思考——兼与路科同志商榷

旅游供应链的研究在国内是一个较新的领域和课题,诸多学者在这方面已经作了许多积极和有意义的研究,本文试对当前旅游供应链研究中的供应链模式、旅行社在供应链上的定位等问题作初步探讨,同时就有关问题与路科同志商榷.     

旅游服务业社会化媒体营销新趋势——意见领袖与微电影营销

社会化媒体的发展为旅游服务业营销带来了空间的机遇,目前旅游服务业利用社会化媒体营销出现了意见领袖营销和微电影营销两种新趋势.旅游服务的信息来源可以分为商业来源和社会来源两大类.商业信息来源指的是旅游目的地或旅游企业或旅游组织设计的广告或其他促销材料;社会信息来源指的就是人与人之间的信息传播渠道,通常包括影响顾客行为的五种人际信息:文化或亚文化、参照群体、社会阶层、意见领袖和家庭.由于社会信息来源与信息本身没有既定的利益关系,旅游消费者通常认为人际信息比旅游服务组织发出的信息更客观和精确,从而认为人际信息更可信,在购买和决策时对人际来源的信息依赖程度更高.旅游营销者可充分利用意见领袖(俗称达人)的影响力进行营销传播,吸引旅游者的关注.     

信息传播:旅游目的地营销与服务的关键环节

文章讨论了旅游业作为信息密集型和信息依托型产业的特征,并指出,旅游目的地信息传播既是一种社会现象,也是目的地营销的基本内容,同时,传递信息也是为旅游者提供旅游服务的一种重要形式.     

旅游金融产品的设计与营销策略

<正>在旅游业加速复苏及国家不断出台政策刺激消费的背景下,关注旅游金融产品的设计与营销具有重要的现实意义。文章分析旅游金融产品的市场背景及其发展的动力和潜力,指出旅游金融产品设计的关键步骤包括市场调研与需求分析、概念开发与原型设计、测试与反馈、迭代与优化以及最终实施与市场推广,进而从市场定位、产品策略、价格策略、渠道策略和推广策略等方面探讨旅游金融产品营销策略的构建。     

中国旅游发展笔谈 中国作为目的地营销的理论与实践（二）——中国作为多目的地的国际营销战略

根据世界旅游组织的预测,中国将在2015年前后成为全球最大目的地国家。这个预测主要基于中国经济发展、全球化结构以及幅员广大和文化多样化的基础,它与我们自身的目的地营销和旅游服务质量的提升,似乎没有联系起来。也就是说,即使我们没有主动的目的地营销,中国也会成长为世界第一大目的地国家。     

旅游公共服务多元化供给:政府职能定位与模式选择研究

随着我国旅游业的蓬勃发展,旅游公共服务的广泛社会需求、政府职能转变的内在要求以及旅游公共服务的实践探索,已经对创新旅游公共服务供给模式提出了迫切要求。文章以公共经济学和公共管理学等理论作为主要分析工具,结合旅游公共服务实践,明确政府在旅游公共服务多元化供给过程中职能定位的基础上,探讨旅游公共服务政府、市场、社会共同参与的旅游公共服务供给模式,以保证旅游公共服务在制度框架内有效供给,满足公众日益增长的旅游公共服务需求和实现公共利益。     

Cider and the Marketing of the Tourism Experience in Somerset,England

Summary

The paper provides a background to the history, development and importance of the cider industry to the county. A case study approach is then adopted, in order to demonstrate the richness of cider experiences available to the tourist travelling both through, and within, Somerset. Three case studies of individual firms are provided. The paper notes that a firm's reasons for engaging in tourism bear great similarities to those utilized by wineries. The paper also highlights the importance of collective marketing strategies at both the firm and business level.     

Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature

This article presents the first narrative analysis of the areas of research that have developed within the destination marketing field since its commencement in 1973. Given the broad extent of the field, and the absence of any previous reviews in four decades, a key challenge is in providing a focus for such a disparate body of knowledge. The review is structured around one principal question: ‘To what extent is the Destination Marketing Organisation (DMO) responsible for the competitiveness of the destination?’. In pursuit of this underlying question, we address a number of themes including nomenclature and the DMO, the evolution of the destination marketing literature, competitiveness as the DMO reason d'être, and DMO effectiveness including issues of branding and positioning, and future research themes in the field.     

旅游消费市场中信誉机制建立的困境及政府职能的定位

本文首先论述了旅游消费市场上信息不对称的特殊性及由此导致的旅游消费市场上经营者信誉建立的困境;通过进一步的分析认为,旅游消费市场上信息的交易和传播具有一定的垄断性、公共产品的属性及外部性,从而提供了在解决旅游消费市场上信誉机制建立的困境时政府干预的依据。同时也廓清了政府行为的边界;最后,提出了政府管理的具体措施,并指出了政府行为的局限性。     

Tourism,Health and Quality of Life:

Tourism is regarded by society as being a healthy pursuit and a factor in increasing quality of life. This paper examines concepts of quality of life, health and the promotional tenets of tourism marketing-the "Four S's," and examines the healthiness of these pursuits. The paper questions whether it is repsonsible to continue to use these themes in the future. Finally, a new paradigm for tourism marketing and promotion is presented.     

Tourism,Marketing and Sustainable Development in the English National Parks: The Role of National Park Authorities

This paper examines the work of the English National Park Authorities (NPAs) in relation to aspects of the development of sustainable tourism. The NPAs have implicitly sought to achieve sustainable tourism development since the parks were first designated, striving to balance the needs of visitors and the environment within the context of living, working landscapes. Studies have revealed, however, that some NPAs are not fully championing sustainable tourism development. The paper examines the NPA's use of marketing and marketing perspectives in encouraging sustainable tourism, exploring attitudes, roles and activities. A diverse, piecemeal and sometimes underinformed approach is revealed. The paper concludes with ways forward for English NPAs and for other protected area management organisations.     

The last feather-bedded industry?: Government, politics and the hospitality industry during and after the 1992 General Election

This paper examines political debate and rhetoric attendant on those issues perceived as germane to the hospitality sector by industry operators at the time of the 1992 UK General Election. By extensive use of secondary, mainly journalistic, sources, an analysis of such issues is undertaken, located in the specific context of the various conservative ideologies that are shown to be associated with the hospitality industry. The paper's main theme is that far from endorsing a commitment to the agenda of the Conservative government, the hospitality industry's conservatism reflects more a form of special pleading comprising demand for particular economic privileges based on a form of protectionist corporatism. It is concluded that rather than representing a model of the vanguard of free-market culture, the hospitality industry in the UK represents the last gasp of conservative corporatism, bent on the maintenance of economic privilege rather than offering a commitment to economic liberalism.     

湖南长沙休闲产业现状分析

调查表明：湖南长沙的休闲产业可分为歌厅休闲、酒吧休闲、洗浴休闲、电视休闲、“农家乐”休闲、广场与公园休闲等七种类型。歌厅休闲始于20世纪80年代,年接待170万人次,营业收入逾亿元;上规模的酒吧20多家;足浴城17000多家,长沙已成为“脚都”;“农家乐”877家,年接待273万多人次,营业收入2亿元。居民休闲最主要的目的是愉悦身心,放松自己。95％的居民认为长沙休闲消费水平为中上,可以接受。73％的居民1周至少休闲1次。     

Possible marketing tools for heritage tourism: the potential of implementing information and communication technology

The prevalence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has major marketing impacts on both the demand and the supply side in cultural and heritage tourism. However, while there is quite substantial research on how ICTs affect visitors and their experiences, little can be found in the literature on the supply side. The purpose of our study is to fill this gap. To do so, we executed in-depth interviews with 20 experts from cultural and heritage tourism in Germany. Through the interviews we gained evidence from the supply side on five discourses, which evolve around the issues of the shift in visitor typologies and demand, marketing benefits of digital technologies, preconditions and barriers of implementation and currently relevant technologies. All in all, the results clearly increase our understanding on what experts think on the implementation and use of ICTs in cultural and heritage tourism. Recommendations for practice regarding, for example, cooperation and professionalization and for further research conclude our analysis.