我国基于FDI自主创新能力的培育

尽管跨国公司的技术转让和技术溢出效应对我国技术进步产生了积极作用,但是,由于跨国公司逐利性的本质、技术转让和技术溢出的局限性以及我国自主创新动力和能力的不足,我国技术创新能力亟待进一步提高。本文从技术输出方和输入方两个层面切入分析我国基于FDI自主创新能力没有得到应有提升的原因,并就如何进一步发挥FDI的积极效应,抑制其消极效应,加快我国自主技术创新能力的培育和提升,提出了一些对策建议。     

FDI是否提升了本土企业出口产品质量

本文研究外资对本土企业出口产品质量的影响方向和影响渠道.研究发现:本土企业与外资企业产品质量差距扩大;外资通过生产效率、研发效率、竞争效应等渠道降低本土企业出口产品质量,通过缓解融资约束、广告效率渠道提升本土企业出口产品质量;外资企业数目增加会提升本土企业出口产品质量,但外资企业出口强度增加会降低本土企业出口产品质量;总体来看,外资不利于本土企业出口产品质量的提升.     

跨国公司的技术关联性及我国吸引外资政策

跨国公司的FDI和技术转移与技术的关联性有关,本文首先对相关技术和衍生技术做了新的界定,然后在新熊彼得学派曼斯菲尔德对外直接投资与技术转移的选择理论及邓宁的“三优势模式”等理论基础上,进一步剖析技术关联性对跨国公司FDI和技术转移的影响机理,提出了我国吸引外资的政策建议。     

Market Power vs. Marketing Prowess as Determinants of Company Performance in LDCs:

Marketing scholars have argued that marketing has the potential to considerably increase productivity and quality of goods and services delivered by developing nations' marketing systems. But in order for this to occur it must be in the self-interest of entrepeneurs to adopt modern marketing practices. This need not be the case in the highly oligopolistic business structures of import substituting LDCs, where market power may be a more important determinant of success. The article tests this hypothesis in the context of Venezuela. The results suggest that market structures in LDCs offer limited incentive to the adoption of marketing, at least to the extent that self-interest is a crucial reason for adopting the marketing concept.     

Business failures in institutionally weak environments: An examination of Virgin Atlantic’s failed adventure in sub-saharan africa

In view of the paucity of scholarly work on how conditions in weak institutional environments at organizational founding can persist leading to eventual international joint ventures (IJVs), this paper utilizes the case of Virgin Nigeria Airways to illuminate our understanding of the subject. Based on semi-structured interviews, we developed a four-phase model that demonstrates the persistent interactions of internal and external factors. The four phases are as follows: pre-formation resource mobilization, formation and embryonic challenges, decoupling and rebranding, and phasing out. Phase 1 highlights political and non-political activities geared towards venture formation and resource mobilization. Phase 2 focuses on the decoupling of functional activities and the loss of legitimacy in response to changing political and economic conditions in the country. Phase 3 sheds light on triggers for corporate rebranding activities resulting from loss of identity and legitimacy. In Phase 4, we highlight the dispute with the government that typified and culminated in the airline's demise. We identify and examine the implications of these findings.     

Explaining Firm Internationalization in Africa Using the Competence Approach

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to explore, through secondary research, the potential influence of the top management (key decision makers) of firms on the degree of internationalization of firms in sub-Saharan Africa.

More specifically, an attempt was made, firstly, to characterize the problem of low exports and low firm internationalization in Sub-Saharan Africa with a view to discussing the potential influence of the characteristics of key decision makers on firm internationalization. Secondly, to explore the competence theory and determine whether it could provide a viable analytical framework to facilitate future empirical investigations into the influence of key decision makers (top management) on firm internationalization focusing on sub-Saharan Africa.

Previous studies on firm internationalization from different parts of the world including Sub-Saharan Africa were examined. The characteristics and behaviors of top management reported to relate strongly to high levels of firm internationalization and export performance were extracted. The literature on competence then was examined with a view to obtaining theory that would be used to integrate the various managerial variables, which strongly related to high levels of firm internationalization.

The process of analysis and integration resulted into the development of the Competence Model of Firm Internationalization, which has been proposed. The analysis indicated that the top managers of firms had profound influence on the level and intensity of export activities mainly through the firms' production and marketing functions. The managerial implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed along with the limitations of the study.     

Organizing for external technology exploitation in diversified firms

Besides applying technology in their own products, industrial firms increasingly exploit their technologies externally, for example through out-licensing. Earlier studies cannot explain the discrepancies between a few pioneering firms in active technology licensing and the managerial difficulties of many others. In diversified firms, diverging interests of the corporate and business unit level in the keep-or-sell decision constitute a central barrier to active licensing. Therefore, this article examines two essential dimensions of designing the corporate/business unit interface in diversified firms: the centralization of the activities on the corporate level and the alignment between the organizational levels. The study tests three hypotheses regarding the interaction and consequences of these organizational dimensions with data from 152 firms. Consistent with the hypotheses, the data provide support for the benefits from medium levels of corporate centralization and corporate/business unit alignment. The results have implications for technology exploitation, open innovation, markets for technology, and corporate strategy.     

基于行业技术水平分类分析FDI的技术溢出效应

本文在对涉及输入型FDI技术溢出效应的有关文献进行综述的基础上,把制造业27个行业根据OECD标准按技术含量分为高技术、中高技术、中低技术及低技术四组取样,采用面板数据模型分析了不同技术水平行业组的FDI技术溢出效应。结果表明:FDI的技术溢出效应确实存在,而且技术外溢效应容易发生在技术含量和技术密集度较高的行业中;内外资企业的技术差距对溢出存在负面影响,但这一负面影响会随内资企业技术吸收能力的提高而减弱。     

外商直接投资技术外溢吸收能力影响因素研究——基于中国29个地区面板数据分析

东道国的吸收能力是外商直接投资技术外溢实现的关键;文章论述了技术外溢的产生途径;对中国29个地区面板数据的平稳性进行检验,从东道国吸收能力的角度分析影响外商直接投资技术外溢的因素:人力资本、经济开放度、基础设施等。实证研究结果表明,高等教育和高中教育的人力资本、基础设施建设和外商直接投资相结合对技术外溢的吸收能力有正向作用,而对外贸易和初中、小学的人力资本尚未构成对外商直接投资技术外溢的促进作用。     

跨国公司对我国东部沿海区域技术进步效应的研究

新经济增长理论认为,技术进步是实现经济长期增长的决定性因素。然而,技术的发展在不同国家和地区之间是不平衡的,这是导致当今区域经济发展差距的决定性因素之一。文章利用计量经济软件Eviews定量分析后认为:外商直接投资与我国沿海区域技术进步高度相关,外商直接投资可以很好地促进区域技术的进步。这对于今后制定引资政策、缩小区域经济发展差距具有重要参考价值。     

FDI对我国纺织服装业技术溢出效应分析

本文实证分析了FDI对我国纺织服装业的技术溢出效应。结果表明,FDI在纺织服装业的溢出效应明显存在,且服装业中FDI的外溢效应大于我国工业平均水平,但纺织业的外溢效应低于我国工业的平均水平。笔者认为,行业内FDI溢出效应的强弱受行业内利用FDI的数量和质量的影响,而服装业获得较多FDI技术外溢的重要原因在于其利用外资的密度较大,且在引进技术中重视对先进技术的消化吸收。然而,尽管如此,我国纺织服装业目前仍被锁定在全球价值链低端的生产环节,全员劳动生产率较低。因此,我国应通过利用FDI培育和获取核心技术、知名品牌和销售渠道等高级生产要素,促使企业向价值链的高附加值环节攀升。     

外商直接投资对中部地区技术创新能力影响的实证检验

本文利用1998-2007年我国中部六省的面板数据,实证检验了外商直接投资(FDI)对我国中部地区技术创新能力的影响。结果表明,流入中部地区的FDI能带来中部地区专利申请量和发明专利申请量的显著增长,表明中部地区FDI流入对中部地区技术创新能力有显著的正向促进作用;中部地区人力资本与FDI的结合能在一定程度上促进中部地区技术创新水平的提升,但是贡献程度不高。     

外商直接投资与我国技术创新:基于省际面板数据的实证分析

本文利用我国1998-2006年的省际面板数据实证检验了外国直接投资(FDI)对我国技术创新的影响,同时对港澳台来源FDI和其他来源FDI引发的创新溢出效应的差异也进行了检验。研究结果表明,FDI的进入对我国专利申请总量没有显著影响,但是对外观设计专利申请有显著的促进作用。港澳台来源FDI对我国的技术创新没有显著的溢出效应,而其他来源FDI的溢出效应显著。     

FDI、技术差距与本土企业的研发投入——理论及中国的经验研究

针对FDI进入以及内外资企业间的技术差距对内资企业的研发投入行为会有怎样影响,本文分析了不同技术水平内资企业的研发策略,认为外资进入后将促进技术领先的本土企业提高创新投入,但却阻碍落后企业的创新投入。文中以通过DEA模型测算的内外资技术差距、以及技术差距与外资比重和勒纳指数的连乘项作为主要自变量,用中国制造业面板数据检验了技术差距对本土企业创新投入的影响。实证结果验证了预期假说,并且技术差距越大,外资进入对内资企业研发投入的负向作用越强,而市场势力的正向作用会有所降低。