先进制造企业自主创新路径与支持体系案例研究

培育和提升基于核心技术的自主创新能力,是我国先进制造企业增强国际竞争力、获取持续竞争优势的根本性战略和途径.本文通过对中国华为与中国大唐的企业案例研究,探索并总结了企业自主创新能力提升的路径与支持体系,提出了企业自主创新发展的对策和建议,指导中国制造企业增强自主创新能力,加快自主创新步伐.     

产业升级、 人力资本与企业自主创新能力关系研究

企业自主创新对产业升级的作用毋庸置疑， 但产业升级是否会带来企业自主创新能力的提升？ 本文利用 2002～2015 年中国30 个省份的平衡面板数据， 实证检验了产业升级、 人力资本与企业自主创新之间的关系。 研究发现：（1） 向第二、 三产业升级过程均能够有效带动企业自主创新能力的提升，且第三产业带动企业自主创新的能力强于第二产业； （2） 向第二、 三产业升级过程能够有效带动企业人力资本的提升， 且向第三产业转移较向第二产业转移更能有效促进企业人力资本水平的提高； （3） 人力资本水平在产业升级与企业自主创新能力之间起部分中介作用。     

服装企业营销风险浅析

服装行业竞争激烈,营销的成功与否已成为服装企业生存和发展的关键,营销过程中的各种不确定性因素会对服装企业的盈利能力产生影响。为了识别服装企业的营销风险,本文根据营销环境中不可控制因素和可控制因素的划分,将服装企业营销风险划分为宏观营销风险和微观营销风险,并对这两种风险进行了细分和阐述。     

人力资本积累与中国制造业技术创新效率的差异性

经济全球化背景下,技术学习能力和技术人员人力资本积累是影响我国企业自主创新能力的重要因素。本文从技术学习的视角,运用随机前沿方法对人力资本积累与中国大中型企业技术创新效率的关系进行了产业层面的计量检验。研究结果表明,在劳动密集型产业和中低档次的机械制造业领域,我国大中型企业的创新效率较高,在0.7到0.8之间;而在石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等研发资本密集型产业,技术创新效率相对较低,如石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力生产和供应业的创新效率为0.262,0.278,0.216。研究还发现,国内企业技术人员的人力资本积累存在明显的门槛效应,低于这一临界值,国内企业技术学习能力和自主创新能力的提升将十分有限。     

企业家特质、企业创新与自创区高新技术企业盈利能力的实证研究

国家自主创新示范区作为国家自主创新的重要载体, 在提高国家区域创新方面发挥着关键的作用, 自创区内的高新技术企业更是拉动区域创新的核心主体, 而企业家作为企业战略决策的制定者和指导者, 在很大程度上影响着企业的经营与发展。 因此, 本文以自创区的203 家上市高新技术企业为研究对象, 在探讨企业家特质对企业盈利能力影响的同时把企业创新引入该影响过程。 研究结果发现： 企业家教育水平、 职称、 从业年限等特质对企业盈利能力具有显著的正向影响, 且企业创新在企业家特质对企业盈利能力的影响中具有中介作用。     

企业自主创新能力评价体系研究

企业自主创新能力是国家竞争力的核心,增强企业自主创新能力已越来越受到企业和政府的关注。企业自主创新是一个不断循环积累的过程,创新意识、创新投入能力、创新产出能力、创新活动管理能力、创新方式等五个方面是影响企业自主创新能力的主要因素,而27个具体指标构成了企业自主创新能力评价指标体系。借助层次分析法(AHP)的应用,确定企业家的创新欲望、每年R&D投入经费、企业每年创新成果产生的收入、新产品在市场上的成功率、企业融资能力等因素为本评价体系中的关键指标。本文中所提出的评价体系和评价方法可以用来进行企业间的横向比较,进而对企业自主创新能力状况进行诊断分析。     

论高新区专业化水平对自主创新能力的影响

本文首先从理论上分析高新区的专业化分工对自主创新能力的作用,然后设计出高技术产业集群专业化程度和高新区自主创新能力的评价指标,最后建立实证分析模型,分析中国高新区专业化与自主创新的关系,得出高新区企业专业化程度的提高对自主创新能力有很大的促进作用,但产业专业化水平对自主创新能力影响不大的结论.     

企业自主创新能力的系统构建与构成要素分析

企业自主创新能力的系统结构与构成要素是研究企业自主创新能力的差础理论与首要环节.依据系统工程的思想,构建了企业自主创新能力系统模型的总体架构,包括内部运行系统与外部支持系统.基于系统结构与创新过程的视角,探讨了内部运行系统的构成及功能;基于突出关键要素的思想,探讨了外部支持系统的构成及功能,并剖析了两大系统之间的运作机制.在此基础上,提出了企业自主创新能力的要素构成,并对其涵义进行了阐释.     

企业创新、价值链扩张与制造业盈利能力——以中国医药制造企业为例

本文分析了企业创新与价值链扩张之间的互动关系对企业盈利的影响。利用1998—2010年中国医药类上市公司和相关调研数据,实证研究了中国医药制造企业的整体盈利能力及其沿价值链不同方向扩张对盈利能力的影响,并具体分析了价值链上各环节的主要因素对企业盈利能力的影响程度。研究结果表明,纯制造类医药企业净资产收益率和销售净利率的下降幅度远远大于纯制造—扩张类医药企业,医药制造企业通过创新实施价值链上的业务扩张可以改善其盈利能力;中国医药制造企业盈利能力与价值链扩张之间存在着非线性关系,沿价值链向研发环节与营销环节的扩张都能有效提高、改善企业的盈利能力。     

企业自主创新能力形成的协同机制研究

本文从自主创新能力系统自身角度分析揭示了企业自主创新能力的形成机制.基于自主创新活动的过程分析识别了企业自主创新能力构成要素,接着通过分析自主创新能力构成要素之间的协同关系,构建了企业自主创新能力形成的协同机制模型.最后给出了企业自主创新能力构成要素之间协同度的评价方法,用以发现制约自主创新能力形成与提升的瓶颈,进而帮助企业采取针对性策略来提升自主创新能力.     

基于技术形成机理的自主创新决策模型研究

技术的形成是企业在特定时期将最新的创新思想和前沿知识相结合,并实现产业化的过程,它受到企业内部和外部多种因素的影响和制约。根据技术的形成机理,技术自主创新包括知识技术化、技术产品化和产品市场化等三个决策维度,并在每个决策维度运用相应的寻优原则进行评价与选择,形成了知识技术化决策模式、技术产品化决策模式和产品市场化决策模式,从而构建基于技术形成机理的企业技术自主创新的决策模型。     

Improving Marketing's Contribution to New Product Development

In many firms, the marketing department plays a minor role in new product development (NPD). However, recent research demonstrates that marketing capabilities more strongly influence firm performance than other areas such as research and development. This finding underscores the importance of identifying relevant capabilities that can improve the position of marketing within the NPD process as part of the quest to improve innovation performance. However, thus far, it has remained unclear precisely how the marketing department can increase its influence on NPD to enhance a firm's innovation performance. The results of this study demonstrate that the relationship between marketing capabilities and innovation performance is generally mediated by the decision influence of marketing on NPD. In particular, both marketing research quality and the ability to translate customer needs into product characteristics serve to increase marketing's influence on NPD. This increased influence, in turn, positively contributes to overall firm innovation performance. Hence, these results show that in addition to having the appropriate marketing capabilities, the marketing department must achieve a status in which these capabilities can translate into performance implications.     

Firm survival through a crisis: The influence of market orientation,marketing innovation and business strategy

As an outcome of the economic crisis, the global manufacturing sector is collapsing. Focusing on Chinese manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this study investigates whether marketing innovation, defined as improvements in the marketing mix, can assist in withstanding the challenges of operating under the current economic conditions. A conceptual model linking market orientation, marketing innovation, competitive advantage and firm survival is tested using structural equation modelling. Three key findings are derived. First, the examined Chinese manufacturing SMEs had a greater perceived likelihood of survival had they developed and sustained a competitive advantage. Second, marketing innovation assisted in developing and sustaining competitive advantages based on differentiation and cost leadership strategies. Third, marketing innovation capabilities improved when the examined manufacturing SMEs were competitor oriented and had good inter-functional capabilities.     

In Search of Innovation and Customer‐related Performance Superiority: The Role of Market Orientation,Marketing Capability,and Innovation Capability Interactions

Understanding the mechanisms through which firms realize the value of their market‐based knowledge resources such as market orientation is a central interest of innovation scholars and practitioners. The current study contends that realizing the performance impact of market orientation depends on know‐how deployment processes and their complementarities in functional areas such as marketing and innovation that co‐align with market orientation. More specifically, this study addresses two research questions: (1) to what extent can market orientation be transformed into customer‐ and innovation‐related performance outcomes via marketing and innovation capabilities; and (2) does the complementarity between marketing capability and innovation capability enhance customer‐ and innovation‐related performance outcomes? Drawing upon the resource‐based view and capability theory of the firm, a model is developed that integrates market orientation, marketing capability, innovation capability, and customer‐ and innovation‐related performance. The validity of the model is tested based on a sample of 163 manufacturing and services firms. In answer to the first research question, the findings show that market orientation significantly contributes to customer‐ and innovation‐related performance outcomes via marketing and innovation capabilities. This finding is important in that market‐based knowledge resources should be configured with the deployment of marketing and innovation capabilities to ensure better performance. In answer to the second research question, the findings indicate that market orientation works through the complementarity between marketing and innovation capabilities to influence customer‐related performance but not innovation‐related performance. Managers are advised to have a balanced approach to managing the deployment of capabilities. If they seek to achieve superiority in customer‐related performance, marketing capability, innovation capability, and their complementarity are essential for attracting, satisfying, building relationships with, and retaining customers. On the other hand, this complementarity would be considerably less important if firms placed greater emphasis on achieving superiority in innovation‐related performance. In contrast to many existing studies, this study is the first to model the roles of both innovation capability and marketing capability in mediating the relationship between market orientation and specific performance outcomes (i.e., innovation‐ and customer‐related outcomes).     

Marketing capabilities and innovation-based strategies for environmental sustainability: An exploratory investigation of B2B firms

While emerging literature on sustainability shows that environmentally responsible strategies can contribute to competitive advantage and enhanced financial performance, little is known about specific marketing capabilities that lead to sustainable consumption behavior, and whether implementing such strategies leads to firm competitive advantage. Using the case method approach, this study explores marketing-related strategies and practices pertaining to sustainable consumption as reported by leading sustainable firms in the B2B context. We examine case studies of forty seven B2B firms and identify key marketing capabilities that tie to innovation-based sustainability strategies, sustainable consumption behavior and firm performance. We use our findings to develop a conceptual framework linking marketing capabilities to innovation strategies for firm sustainability, sustainable consumption behavior and firm competitive advantage, and put forward propositions for future research.     

Open Service Innovation: The Role of Intermediary Capabilities

This study examines how intermediaries, in general, and those with digital service platforms specifically, engage with clients to help them innovate their services within their service ecosystem. Based on an embedded, longitudinal case study, the results reveal the cumulative development and deployment of technological, marketing, and co‐creation capabilities by intermediaries, and how these capabilities allow intermediaries to engage with clients, so as to enable clients’ open service innovation despite their internal challenges. In turn, this article extends theory on service innovation by clarifying the role and function of intermediaries in service ecosystems in enabling clients to leverage open service innovation. Second, this study contributes to resource‐based scholarship by clarifying how these three sets of capabilities and their micro‐foundations relate to each other. Despite the obvious importance of technological capabilities, online intermediaries are more than just “virtual” service platform providers. The intermediary’s technological and marketing capabilities assist clients in dealing with project‐related and organizational challenges to open service innovation. Acting as a higher‐order capability, co‐creation capabilities—through shaping marketing and technological capabilities over time and also through conditioning their deployment—improve the proficiency of these capabilities. The findings advance insights on the agential role of the intermediary’s co‐creation capabilities, purposefully developed and deployed to foster client engagement, and thus support service organizations in leveraging open service innovation.     

后发企业的技术跨越微观机理——基于动态能力的作用分析

由于后发优势及在位者创新困境的存在,后发企业实现对领先企业的技术跨越成为可能。动态能力在后发企业技术跨越中起着重要的作用。为了研究基于技术学习角度的动态能力在后发企业技术跨越中的作用演化机理,构建了后发企业技术跨越的非对称动态演化博弈模型,并对策略选择进行了稳定性的分析,用数值仿真演示了决策参数不同取值的改变对演化结果的影响。结果表明：后发企业技术跨越选择模式的系统演化收敛于两种模式：一种是不变革,始终处于技术落后状态;另一种是技术变革,实现对领先企业的技术跨越。研究结果表明,高阶的动态能力能够促使后发企业进行变革创新,实现对领先企业的技术跨越。低阶的动态能力不利于企业进行技术变革。因此,要培育高阶的动态能力。     

纺织服装企业营销系统组织创新研究——以陕北地区毛纺织服装企业为例

国内纺织服装企业适应市场能力普遍较弱,市场淘汰率较高,大多数还处于职能式进行单一的产品生产,市场反应能力较差。纺织服装企业要提高市场竞争力,就必须建立起科学、合理的营销组织机构,通过组织创新,合理地配置资源,提高企业的营销能力,从而提升企业的市场竞争力。本文在对陕北毛纺织服装产业进行深入调研的基础上,结合理论分析与实证研究,通过结构方程模型(SEM),分析了毛纺织服装企业在营销组织创新时存在的问题以及营销组织创新与营销能力和绩效间的关系,为陕西省服装企业提升市场竞争力提供具有针对性的对策建议。     

The relationship between marketing agility and financial performance under different levels of market turbulence

Marketing agility is an example of dynamic capability that has significant influence on ordinary capabilities leading to superior financial performance. This makes it of interest to marketing managers. Yet the way in which this capability aligns with turbulent market environments to simultaneously influence ordinary capabilities and performance has not been adequately examined and empirically tested. This study seeks to close this gap by positing that marketing agility has both direct and indirect (through innovation capability which is an ordinary capability) impacts on financial performance. However, these relationships are moderated by market turbulence to yield both mediated moderation and moderated mediation effects. The study was undertaken in the Chinese food-processing industry where a sample of 518 companies participated. This provides an opportunity to validate theory developed in the western economies and to generalize some previous findings. Contrary to received literature we found that the impact of innovation capability on financial performance is stronger under low market turbulence; and that market turbulence moderates the indirect relationship between marketing agility and financial performance. The indirect effect is stronger when market turbulence is low than when it is high. Implications for managers and academia are discussed and limitations of the study are pointed out.     

Winning through innovation and marketing: Lessons from Australia and Vietnam

We examine the role of innovation and marketing, two functional capabilities that have the capacity to play a major role in creating superior marketplace performance in firms. Our study of the two capabilities and firms' marketplace performance also takes into account the contribution of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) to our focal functional capabilities and marketplace performance. The results of a study of firms in Australia and Vietnam show innovation capability, marketing capability mediate the effects of the firm's MO on its marketplace performance. The results also show that the interaction of innovation and marketing capabilities significantly influences firms' marketplace performance more than they do individually. Finally, our results show that MO partially mediates the relationship between EO and innovation and marketing capabilities.