中国银行自由化的数量效应:源于储蓄、资本形成的经验证据

与质量效应不同,金融自由化的数量效应存在于水平方向,它主要表现为对私人储蓄率、宏观投资率的提升和(尤其是对私人部门)信贷可获得性的提高等方面.90年代初期以来,中国开始推进金融自由化改革,并于2005年取得实质性突破.作为市场化改革的最后一个步骤,金融自由化应该在水平方向影响着中国的私人储蓄和投资,但鲜有文献涉及此问题.作为一种尝试,以国内金融部门(银行)为代表,本文计算了一个金融自由化指数.利用这个指数,我们就银行自由化对私人储蓄和投资的水平影响问题进行了实证分析.结果表明,金融自由化的数量效应是显著的:自由化指数每提高1,私人储蓄率提高16%,信贷可获得性提高1%,宏观投资率提高9%.本文结论为中国金融自由化的水平效应提供了有利的经验证据.它也表明,在过去的一个时期,要素效应仍是金融作用于中国宏观经济的重要机制.     

金融发展的政治经济学

本文运用125个国家和地区的数据首次系统地检验了金融发展的政治经济学理论.我们研究发现,金融利益集团的力量对金融发展有着显著稳定的负面作用,即使我们控制了一国经济发展水平、政治制度、法律制度、文化传统以及地理禀赋等因素,结果仍然是显著而稳定的.同时,我们研究还发现,金融发展的政治经济学理论能够很好地解释中国国有商业银行改革的逻辑.因此,我们需要重新检讨中国既有的国有商业银行改革的路径.本文的结论是:加大开放的力度,削弱金融利益集团的影响,构建竞争性的银行业结构将有利于中国金融的良性发展.     

中国科技金融发展效率测算及影响因素分析

运用熵权法和贝叶斯随机前沿模型,从综合产出角度对2001-2014年中国内地30个省（市、区）科技金融发展效率进行了测算,并运用面板数据模型研究了不同金融投入对中国科技金融发展效率的影响。结果表明：综合考虑三大检索科技论文发表量、专利授权量和高技术产业新产品产值3个科技产出指标,有利于全面反映中国科技产出;中国内地大部分地区的科技金融发展效率大体上是不断提高的,但是,各地区在提高幅度上存在很大差异;财政科技经费投入、创业风险投资和科技资本市场等科技创新融资方式对中国科技金融发展效率具有显著正向作用,而银行科技信贷金额对中国科技金融发展效率具有显著负向作用。     

金融发展与城乡收入分配的“库兹涅茨效应”研究

中国当前的金融发展规模显著拉大城乡收入差距.加强农业贷款对农民收入增长具有显著作用,会缩小城乡收入差距.金融发展效率的提高有助于城乡收入差距的缩小,在金融发展和收入差距之间存在库兹涅茨效应.金融发展水平与城乡收入分配之间存在长期的均衡关系.金融发展规模、农村信贷与城乡收入分配之间存在单向因果关系,金融发展效率与城乡收入分配之问存在双向因果关系.     

金融深化对中国碳排放有影响吗?

估算了中国1998~2012年30个省份的CO_2排放量,利用全国30个省份多个指标数据,考察了金融深化和CO_2排放量之间的关系。建立静态模型和动态面板模型,首先以人均GDP和金融深化指标为解释变量考察金融深化对中国碳排放的影响,然后在模型中加入城市化水平等控制变量,采用滞后期工具变量来控制有关变量的内生性,最后运用GMM方法研究了金融深化、经济增长对我国碳排放的影响。研究结果发现:金融深化与中国CO_2排放量呈显著的负相关关系,进而证实了中国存在环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)假说。城市化水平、产业结构、一次能源消费结构对碳排放的影响成显著正相关,研发强度与对外开放度对我国碳排放成负相关关系。最后从长远来看,金融深化有利于我国节能减排以及我国低碳进程的发展。     

金融发展与中国跨省消费风险分担

本文利用中国1978—2008年间的省级数据,考察金融发展对消费风险分担程度的影响,结果发现风险分担程度随时间显著变化。在1978-1992年时间段上,金融深化提高了消费的风险分担程度,而信贷市场发展对消费的风险分担程度的影响并不明显。在1993-2002年时间段上,信贷市场发展提高了消费的风险分担程度,而金融深化降低了消费的风险分担程度。在2003-2008年时间段上,金融深化对消费的风险分担程度的影响并不明显,只有微弱的证据表明,信贷市场发展在该阶段提高了各省人均居民消费的风险分担程度。而证券市场发展对消费的风险分担程度的影响一直不明显。     

城市清洁能源消费、能源强度与金融信贷关系研究——基于北京市的经验数据

当前清洁能源产业仍处于发展期,在其产业培育中,金融信贷发挥着重要的支持功能。文章探索了清洁能源消费、能源强度与金融信贷间联系的内在机理,并采用北京市金融信贷与能源消费相关的年度数据,对清洁能源消费、能源强度与金融信贷之间的动态影响关系进行实证分析。实证结果表明:金融信贷对清洁能源的利用具有显著促进作用,贡献率达到33.06%,同时有利于促进整体能源消费强度的降低。未来通过强化银行对清洁能源相关企业的信贷支持,有利于促进能源的清洁化利用,推动能源利用整体效率的提高。     

货币政策信贷传递机制在我国存在性研究

货币政策的信贷渠道理论从信息不完全和不对称问题引发的信贷市场代理问题入手,强调银行等金融中介在货币政策传递机制中的重要性作用.银行信贷渠道的传导机制在我国表现抢眼,本文从信贷传递机制存在的前提条件入手,结合我国特定金融制度,重点从理论上阐述信贷传递机制在我国的重要作用.从而为我国深化商业银行市场化改革,为货币政策当局把握宏观经济管理提供改革思路.     

金融发展、外商直接投资与资本配置效率

本文考察了金融深化程度以及外商直接投资等制度因素对资本配置效率的影响,并利用1997-2006年省级面板数据对其进行了实证检验.研究发现:(1)在经济转轨的条件下,金融发展水平对资本配置效率的影响呈倒U形变化.目前我国金融发展水平较低,尚处于转折点的左侧,故而提高金融发展水平可以对资本配置效率产生积极影响;(2)外商直接投资的流入有利于资本配置效率的提高.除了直接作用外,外资还会和金融发展交互作用对资本配置效率产生影响.经验分析结果表明,两者对资本配置效率的影响彼此加强,金融发展水平越高,外资对资本配置效率的促进作用就越明显,而随着外资规模的增加,金融发展水平对资本配置效率的积极作用也得以强化.     

金融自由化的增长效应——基于内生增长理论的经验证据

1984年中国开始逐渐放松金融规制.1993年确定市场化改革目标之后,以取消信贷规模控制与贷款利率市场化等为标志,银行部门实现从部分自由到基本自由的转变.理论研究表明,金融自由化通过水平效应、效率效应促进经济增长.中国的实证分析表明,在1984～2006年间,自由化降低了居民贴现率,提高了私人储蓄率;自由化对宏观投资率的影响为正但随时间推移而趋于下降.金融自由化的效率效应则随着时间推移而逐渐增强,有力地推动了中国经济长期增长方式的转变.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...