This is what you came for? University–industry collaborations and follow-on inventions by the firm

The positive impact of university–industry collaborations on firms' innovative performance is well recognized. However, to date, the existing heterogeneity within university–industry collaboration processes and the sources of value creation underlying the resulting inventions are left underexplored. As a result, our understanding as to why some of the joint inventions resulting from such collaborations turn out to present a more fertile source of follow-on developments and value for the collaborating firm than others is limited. The present paper sheds light on this question through the application of a knowledge recombination perspective. Hence, we open the black box of innovation and put a spotlight on the knowledge components that make up the joint inventions resulting from university–industry collaborations. We evaluate how the nature—scientific versus technological—and origins—internal versus external to the collaborating partners—of these knowledge components relate to the inventive impact of the partners' joint invention. Examining a sample of 9102 USPTO co-patents, joint inventions created through university–industry collaborations are shown to be most fertile as a source of firm follow-on inventions when they are the result of a recombination process that includes technological knowledge components stemming from both collaborating partners. This effect is most pronounced when the partners' technological knowledge contributions are moderately similar. In contrast, when the joint technology development takes place in a technology domain that is novel to the firm, the resulting joint inventions are most fertile as a source of firm follow-on inventions when the university contributes through the input of technological knowledge components situated in exactly this technology domain that is novel to the firm. Remarkably, no evidence for such direct effects is found regarding the partners' scientific contributions. Together, these findings provide important insights for firms who intend to spur their internal technology development through collaboration with a university partner.     

科学发展观与经济增长方式转变

从大多数国家的经济发展历史看,工业化从粗放型增长方式起步是一个共同现象.而“血拼”式竞争和政府直接参与的地区竞赛成为20多年来中国经济发展的两大显著特点.从“十五”到“十一五”时期,最大的思想进步就是：认识到仅仅在一般的调节手段和政策设计上进行调整,是不足以实现经济增长方式的根本改变的.必须进行发展观念上的深刻反思,以科学发展观统领和指导经济和社会发展.因此,是否能通过树立科学发展观来改变社会价值观,改变竞争和商业文明的基本理念,就成为能否实现经济增长方式转变的关键.十几亿人口参与的工业化对资源的大量消耗和对环境的巨大影响是一个极大的人类难题.转变增长方式,以资源节约和环境友好的可持续方式推进中国工业化,才能实现中国经济和社会的现代化.而能否真正实现经济增长方式的转变,取决于能否在科学发展观指导下实现理论、技术、制度和管理的不断创新.     

建筑企业项目管理创新研究与实践

我国的经济发展已经从战略上转移到自主创新的轨道上,目前,各个地区各行业都将走自主创新道路视为自己发展的灵魂,自主创新已经成为经济领域发展的一个大趋势。在建筑业,面对日益激烈的市场竞争,企业要想做大做强,只有通过项目管理创新,提升管理模式,完善科学的管理理念和管理制度,从而实现企业内部资源优化配置和最佳效益来提高竞争力。从建筑企业项目管理创新面临的形势、管理创新的原则和指导思想、管理创新的具体内容等方面对建筑企业的项目管理创新做了阐述,并结合武汉建工项目管理创新实践提出了相应的建议。     

从大学的本质看科研评价与考核

大学是以教师为主体的社会组织,是以人才培养、科学研究为己任,大学教师的工作具有自主性和创造性的特点,科研考核要根据大学的本质属性和教师的劳动特点,依据现实与未来相结合、激励与保护相结合、定量与定性相结合、可操作性等原则对科研进行评价与考核。     

企业和科研机构的合作创新效应——基于制造业数据的实证分析

利用1998-2006年间中国制造业的相关数据,采用回归方法研究了企业和科研机构的合作创新效应。研究发现：从行业层面来看,目前中国企业和科研机构的合作研发经费投入对创新的技术产出和经济产出的影响存在着滞后效应,并且这一影响显著为负。导致这一现象的主要原因在于目前的合作创新中存在着诸多问题,制约了合作创新效应的释放。完善合作创新机制是加快科技创新速度、提高自主创新能力的有效途径。     

Innovation in multinational corporations: control and communication patterns in international R&D operations

This paper addresses issues of global innovation in multinational corporations by examining the patterns of communication and control in international R&D operations. Using a sample of 110 international R&D units from 15 multinational corporations, we identify three types of R&D unit role (local adaptor, international adaptor, international creator). We show that: (1) each type of R&D unit is managed primarily through a different mode of control; (2) local and international adaptors both focus their communication on their internal corporate network; and (3) international creators have strong internally and externally oriented networks of relationships. The implications for the management of global innovation are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

产品模块化：动因、机理与系统创新

本文主要应用经济学基本理论对产品模块化问题做出了尝试性的探讨，并试图沿着产品模块化的“形成动因-运作机理-系统创新”三个方面渐进地展开研究。通过研究．笔者提出了“网络经济效应是产品模块化的基本动因”；“市场交易效率的高低是决定模块化分解程度的重要因素”；“以提高创新效益、降低创新成本的制度创新才是激发产品模块化系统创新效率的根本之道”三个基本命题。并通过数理推导的方式对它们做出了具体论证。     

制造企业管理模式:国际发展趋势与我国创新状况

制造企业的管理现代化水平,对中国能否实现从制造业大国到制造业强国的转变具有决定性的影响。在满足高质量、低成本的目标前提下最大程度地提高企业的灵活性和速度,是世界制造企业管理模式创新与发展的基本趋势。改革开放以来,虽然我国制造企业管理创新取得了显著的成就,但我国制造企业管理正处于由传统管理模式向现代管理模式转变的阶段,我国制造企业的管理水平离作为现代世界制造中心所应具有的企业管理现代化水平还有相当大的差距。为此,我国要适应世界管理发展趋势,探索自己的制造企业管理模式;强化意识,加大投入,提高制造企业管理信息化水平;创造各种公共支撑平台,全方位优化制造企业外部环境。     

Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: a study of growth and innovation rates in a high‐technology industry

This paper investigates the relationship between intercorporate technology alliances and firm performance. It argues that alliances are access relationships, and therefore that the advantages which a focal firm derives from a portfolio of strategic coalitions depend upon the resource profiles of its alliance partners. In particular, large firms and those that possess leading‐edge technological resources are posited to be the most valuable associates. The paper also argues that alliances are both pathways for the exchange of resources and signals that convey social status and recognition. Particularly when one of the firms in an alliance is a young or small organization or, more generally, an organization of equivocal quality, alliances can act as endorsements: they build public confidence in the value of an organization's products and services and thereby facilitate the firm's efforts to attract customers and other corporate partners. The findings from models of sales growth and innovation rates in a large sample of semiconductor producers confirm that organizations with large and innovative alliance partners perform better than otherwise comparable firms that lack such partners. Consistent with the status‐transfer arguments, the findings also demonstrate that young and small firms benefit more from large and innovative strategic alliance partners than do old and large organizations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Open innovation: Are inbound and outbound knowledge flows really complementary?

One novel implication of the open innovation paradigm is that inflows and outflows of knowledge are complementary. We argue that engaging simultaneously in buying and selling knowledge should allow firms to increase innovation outcomes. At the same time, we identify some of the relevant costs (cognitive, transaction, and organizational costs) that “open” firms can reduce by combining knowledge inflows and outflows. Empirically, however, we find no evidence for such complementarity in a sample of Belgian manufacturing firms. Firms buying and selling knowledge do increase their sales of new products, but at the same time their R&D costs increase more than proportionally. Our findings, therefore, indicate the need for research into a better understanding of the drivers of actual costs of organizing for open innovation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自然辩证法与工科大学生

本文在教学实践的基础上,探讨了自然辩证法在工科教育中的特殊作用和特殊功能及其在提高工科大学生的科研能力方面的作用。     

要以科学发展观促进效能监察工作

本文阐述了以科学发展观提高思想认识和对开展企业效能监察重要性的认识,按照科学发展观的要求,完善企业效能监察机制,规范效能监察工作,选好监察项目,突出监察重点,抓住企业工作的重点、难点,以科学发展观,坚持改革创新。