对SFAS No.157的评议

一、SFASNo.157较发布前FASB有关公允价值计量的进展FASB公允价值计量准则的发布对财务会计理论和实务将会产生深远影响,极大地推动财务会计计量的改革和发展。首先,其对公允价值进行了定义,认为公允价值是一种交易价格、有序交易中的脱手价值,同时该定义还强调了主市场和最有利市场在公允价值确定中的作用。其次,确立了公认会计原则(GAAP)计量公允价值的框架,结束了GAAP中关于公允价值的不同定义和有限应用指南以及指南零散地分布于其它准则当中的局面。第三,依据公允价值的估价技术中的参照信息,将公允价值分为三个等级,建立了公…     

SFAS No.157的主要内容

本准则阐述了公允价值计量的目标、范围、计量、披露以及生效日期和过渡期等,在公允价值计量中详细论述了公允价值的定义、资产或负债及其应用、主市场或最有利市场、初始确认和后续确认、估价技术和公允价值等级等内容。一、公允价值的定义及其内涵公允价值是指在计量日,市场交易者在有序交易中,销售资产收到的或转移负债支付的价格。该定义保留了以前对公允价值定义中的交易价格,阐述了交易价格是在有序交易中,市场交易者在主市场(或最有利市场)销售资产或转移负债的价格。销售资产或转移负债是从持有资产或承担负债的交易者的角度考虑,假…     

负商誉会计新论--兼评SFAS No.141对负商誉的会计处理要求

形成负商誉的原因包括许多方面,因而不能单纯从某个方面来理解负商誉.作为一个混合性的账户,负商誉应当分为调整性的负商誉、暂时性的负商誉和长期性的负商誉三个方面,并相应采用不同的会计处理方法.     

Summary Analvsis of Circular No. 106

SAEF will promulgate Circular 106 to heighten the threshold for foreign private equity funds into domestic enterprises, to facilitate the development of local Funds and capital market besides continuing to absorb foreign capitals.[第一段]     

邮票里的13个No.1

1.《中华人民共和国开国纪念》
　　在1950年7月1日,原邮电部发行的《中华人民共和国开国纪念》邮票全套4枚及“东北贴用”4枚,这确实是新中国全国范围内发行的第一套国庆邮票。不过,这套邮票面世之时,开国大典早过了大半年,倒更接近1950年10月1日新中国成立一周年。     

SFAS NO．158的主要内容

<正>目标SFAS NO．158的目标是要求雇主：1．在其资产负债表中,将单一雇主既定退休后福利计划的资金充足保障状况或无资金保障状况确认为一项资产或负债,并且,当资金提存状况发生变化时,应在企业主体的综合收益中或非营利组织的不受限制净资产中确认这些变化额。2．在年度末期的资产负债表日计量计划的资金提存状况,除了少数例外情况。SFAS NO．158没有改变多雇主计划的会计处理方法。     

对SFAS NO．158的相关评议

<正>SFAS NO．158与以前准则比较一、确认与计量的比较SFAS NO．158主要修正了对雇主资产负债表中既定受益计划提存状况的确认,即在首次应用SFAS NO．158日,因首次应用准则87号、106号而留存的以前并未确认的利得或损失、前期服务成本或服务债权和过渡性资产或过渡性负债的确认；修正了包括与以前在财务会计准则106号结论的基础上得出的假设折现串的选择相关的指南在内的财务会计准则87号和106号；对雇主年来资产负债表日计量计划资产和福利债务进行了修正；删除了比雇主年末资产负债表日最多提前3个月作为计量日的规定；修正了根据FASB准则130号没有报告综合收益的非营利组织或其他主体应用对雇主资产负债表中既定受益计划提存状况的确认的修正时需要提供额外的指南。     

公允价值计量选择权：IAS 39与SFAS 159比较研究

公允价值选择权最早是由IASB在IAS 39中提出的概念,它允许企业实体根据自身需要,在初始和后续计量时,使用公允价值计量特定金融资产和金融负债。IAS 39要求企业将所有金融资产划分为四类,即：以公允价值计量且其变动计入当期损益的金融资产、持有至到期的投资、贷款和应收账款、可供出售的金融资产;     

Do firms understate stock option-based compensation expense disclosed under SFAS 123?

Focusing on the four key option pricing model inputs—expected option life, expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield, and the risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the option—this study finds that firms understate option value estimates and, thus, stock-based compensation expense disclosed under SFAS 123. As predicted based on incentives and opportunities for management to understate SFAS 123 expense, the understatement of option value estimates is increasing in proxies for the magnitude of the expense, is greater for firms with weaker corporate governance, and, to a lesser extent, is increasing in the excessiveness of executive pay. The findings are strongest for the expected option life and expected stock price volatility input assumptions, consistent with firms’ greater latitude in determining these inputs. We find weaker evidence of understatement associated with the expected dividend yield assumption, and none for the interest rate assumption, consistent with these inputs being less amenable to discretion. Taken together, our findings raise some concern that the exercise of management discretion adversely affects the overall reliability of SFAS 123 expense.

Voluntary fair value disclosures beyond SFAS 157’s three-level estimates

Some firms voluntarily make disclosures about the controls and processes in place to ensure the reliability of fair value estimates. Consistent with these disclosures being driven by investors’ concerns about the reliability of their SFAS 157 estimates, we find that firms with more opaque estimates are more likely to provide such disclosures. We then examine whether these disclosures improve investors’ perception about the reliability of fair value estimates. We find that they are associated with higher market pricing and lower information risk for Level 3 estimates. Further analyses of the disclosures reveal that the following types of information are particularly important to investors: discussion of the external and independent pricing of fair value estimates and their proper classification according to the SFAS 157 hierarchy. Overall, our results suggest that the voluntary reliability disclosures that firms provide beyond SFAS 157’s three-level estimates help reduce investors’ uncertainty toward the more opaque fair value estimates.     

Did SFAS 166/167 decrease the information asymmetry of securitizing banks?

Beginning in 2010, mandated Financial Accounting Standards No. 166 and 167 (SFAS 166/167) changed the consolidation rules of securitization entities and required more information about their securitization activities. I find that securitizing banks experienced a decrease in information asymmetry from the pre- to the post-SFAS 166/167 periods, and that more visible securitizing banks are less sensitive to SFAS 166/167. These inferences are robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. This study is one of the first to provide evidence of the effects of SFAS 166/167 on the information asymmetry of securitizing banks.     

套期保值信息披露——基于IFRS7与SFAS161的比较

全球经济的一体化使得企业面临着来自各方面的风险,套期保值已成为企业日常经营的重要组成部分,因此如何对套期保值信息进行披露就显得格外重要。本文通过对IFRS7与SFAS161进行比较,从套期关系、套期工具以及被套期项目三方面说明套期保值的信息披露要求,并分析了我国上市公司套期保值信息披露现状,提出相应的改进建议。     

监管资本要求对金融工具会计政策的影响——美国银行业实施SFAS115的启示

一项新的金融工具会计准则的实施在影响银行会计资本的同时，往往也影响到银行的监管资本。监管资本与会计资本既有联系，也有区别。监管资本是银行为达到监管要求而必须持有的资本，各国银行监管部门对监管资本的构成和标准都有明确的要求。银行的监管资本状况直接关系到银行面临的监管风险和经营成本。对各家银行来说，必须在充分考虑监管资本要求的基础上合理选择金融工具分类的会计政策。     

幽香的CHANEL No．5

“清晨的露珠、刚除过草的院子，与一颗刚摘取下来的草莓”会使你联想到什么？这不是心理测验。却可能是香水广告里经常出现的一个画面、一段文字或一个新的香水产品上市前的问卷调查与市场调研。     

对美国《SFAS157——公允价值计量准则》的评议及借鉴

公允价值是近年来会计领域讨论的热门话题。美国是公允价值计量研究和应用最为前沿的国家，本文就美国财务会计准则委员会于2006年9月发布财务会计准则第157号——公允价值计量的最新研究成果进行介绍，同时就该准则在公允价值计量上的积极作用与不足进行探计。