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The effects of a transatlantic trade agreement on the global forest sector were assessed with the Global Forest Products Model, conditional on previous macroeconomic impacts predicted with a general equilibrium model. Comprehensive tariff elimination per se had little effect on the forest sector. However, with deeper reforms and integration consumption would increase twice as much in percent in the US as in the EU. Net trade decreased in the US more than in the EU while it increased in Asia. Consumers and producers’ welfare increased by $7000 million in the EU and $14,000 million in the US, but decreased in some third countries, especially in Asia.  相似文献   

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以2003年1月至2009年3月连续75个月的海关统计数据为基础,结合访谈人造板企业和木材协会,分析了中国主要林产品出口特点。认为:尽管由于国家提高了出口退税率、人民币汇率保持稳定等原因,2009年3月主要林产品出口出现了回升的局面,但企业面临的出口形势依然严峻,因此提出对林产品出口回暖应持审慎乐观的态度。  相似文献   

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介绍了贸易摩擦的概念、分类及发生的原因和对策,综述了相关学者的研究,并就其对林产品贸易摩擦研究的启示进行了讨论。认为我国林产品贸易摩擦研究相对滞后于林产品贸易发展实践,因此深入开展林产品贸易摩擦研究有其必要性和紧迫性。  相似文献   

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我国是一个人口众多、耕地紧张的发展中国家,粮食安全问题突出。虽然多年来政府通过政策手段保障了粮食生产的连续性,但是相较于不断提升的粮食消费,我国仍面临着较大的粮食缺口。此外,虽然多年来我国粮食产量一直保持稳定的增长态势,然而随着农业生产对自然资源的占用越来越多,自然资源的荷载能力已经不足于在更长时间内提供充足的粮食增长空间。因此,通过国际贸易的相关手段,来保障粮食安全,是我国目前应对粮食增产乏力的重要途径,也是长期战略。保障粮食安全,国内生产是基础,应当在现有条件下进一步完善种粮补贴制度,保障主粮的自给自足;国际贸易是补充,通过加大进口,丰富进口渠道与品种,降低对单一粮食进口市场的依赖度,来保障我国整体的粮食安全;加大对国际粮食市场的影响是战略高地,中资企业或机构应该利用资金与不断提升的技术优势在海外建立粮食基地,并通过政府间及民间合作来扩大对国际粮食市场的影响,参与国际粮食贸易的规则制定。  相似文献   

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The balance of payments identity linking the current account to net domestic investment and foreign capital inflows is used as a framework to assess the effects of a mining boom on the exchange rate. The exchange rate response is found to vary with whether the boom is generated by an increase in global demand or an increase in domestic supply, and the response varies over time as the boom moves through investment and production stages. Also, the exchange rate response depends on the mix of resident and nonresident investment funds, the share of the investment domestically sourced and the distribution of windfall income and its expenditure. A key result is the absence of a simple relationship between the terms of trade and the exchange rate.  相似文献   

8.
对竹藤原料、竹藤制品和竹笋三大类产品贸易进行分析。结果表明:2006年中国是世界竹藤类产品中原竹、席制品、编制半成品、篮框、盐水竹笋及其他类竹笋的第一大出口国,但部分产品的贸易条件恶化程度比较严重;同时,中国是原藤第一大进口国,但其主要进口国家的原藤进口量在下降而价格却在上升。  相似文献   

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Impacts of exchange rates on international forest products trade are widely debated, but the empirical evidence regarding this issue is still inconclusive. Here, we report findings of the impacts of the exchange rates on the main forest product imports and exports of the US, from January 1989 to November 2004. Export data consisted of monthly series of the main products exported by the US to different countries. For imports we used monthly series of the principal products imported by the US from Canada, the major source of imports. The strongest evidence was obtained by pooling the data across countries and products. In the short run, exports were very elastic with respect to the exchange rate (−2.6), while imports were moderately elastic (1.2). In the long run, the elasticity decreased but remained significant (0.5 for both exports and imports). Appreciation of the US dollar tended to matter more than depreciation, but the hypothesis that the effect of exchange rate was symmetric could not be rejected.  相似文献   

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中国林产品出口贸易环境研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析研究结果表明:中国林产品出口贸易虽有较大的发展空间与潜力,但也面临着日益恶化的国际经济环境、西方发达国家贸易壁垒、发展中国家的贸易竞争等外部因素与产品知识含量不高、产业整体缺乏规模化经营、对行业的监管不力等内部条件的制约。基于面临的诸多挑战,应该从政府的政策支持、目标市场多元化、实现产业升级、提高产品知识含量、拓宽原材料获取途径等方面改善中国林产品出口贸易环境。  相似文献   

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The questions of how to account for upstream land requirements is highly relevant for assigning responsibility for global land use. Two approaches, physical trade flow analysis and multi-regional input–output analysis have been frequently used for land accounting of international trade leading to diametrically opposed results for countries such as China. In this study, we investigate and explain the differences by comparing the estimates of cropland embodied in international trade for China from studies using physical trade flows (PTF) and multi-regional input–output (MRIO) analysis and provide a step-wise calculation to explain the gap between estimates from these different approaches and their interpretation. Our results show that the gap between PTF and MRIO is largely due to the system boundary selection and truncation errors from the boundary cut-off. These two approaches should be used for different research purposes. If focusing on the flows of a particular product, in particular primary products such as rice, wheat or other grains, among countries the higher level of detail of physical flow model is more suited. Whereas when accounting for the total embodied land in trade and consumption-based land use by recipient countries to analyze drivers of land use, MRIO is more suitable for tracking entire global supply chains.  相似文献   

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Long-term effects of policies to induce carbon storage in forests were projected with the Global Forest Products Model. Offset payments for carbon sequestered in forest biomass of $15–$50/t CO2e applied in all countries increased CO2 sequestration in world forests by 5–14 billion tons from 2009 to 2030. Limiting implementation to developed countries exported environmental damage from North to South, as developing countries harvested more, decreasing their stored CO2e. Substantially more CO2e was sequestered by allocating a given budget to all countries rather than to developed countries only. As offset payments increased wood prices relatively more than they decreased production, timber revenues generally increased. In the few countries with timber revenues losses they were more than compensated by the offset payments.  相似文献   

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林产品进口贸易与环境保护问题研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在目前已有对森林资源环境效益评价基础上,通过探讨林产品进口贸易与环境保护的关系,考虑不同木质林产品生产加工过程中对环境的影响,根据中国进口林产品的进口来源,指出了中国林产品进口贸易的环境影响以及非法木材贸易对环境的破坏。结果表明:国际上对中国大量进口木材的指责缺乏依据;对世界和中国来说,共同开发森林资源,打击非法木材采伐与贸易,中国大力发展可替代产品,走林业可持续发展之路,是双赢的必然选择。  相似文献   

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全球林产品贸易格局变化及相关问题讨论   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
近年来世界林产品贸易格局发生了明显变化。俄罗斯和中国等新的贸易大国的出现,木材制成品贸易量的增加,以及越来越多的与贸易相关的环境问题的争论使得当前林产品国际贸易呈现新的特征。同时,诸多贸易争端和问题,如非法木材贸易,森林认证,区内加工增值,以及外来物种入侵和林产品检疫等等,也引起了各国的关注和国际社会的讨论。回顾近几年来世界林产品贸易格局的变化,并结合中国的实际情况,讨论由此引发的一些贸易问题。  相似文献   

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首先分析中国主要林化产品1992~2006年进出口贸易情况及特征,然后在整体和分类2个层面上利用产业内贸易指数对中国主要林化产品产业内贸易水平进行测量和分析。结果表明:中国是世界主要林化产品出口国,在国际市场上占有垄断地位。尽管中国林化产品贸易中存在产业内贸易和产业间贸易2种方式,但无论是从总量的角度来说,还是从增量角度来说,林化产品贸易均以产业间贸易为主。在此基础上,提出今后中国林化产品贸易的发展方向。  相似文献   

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The pricing behaviour of India's high value agricultural and food exporters in their major destination markets is examined using a pricing‐to‐market (PTM) model for noncompetitive and exchange rate related pricing behaviour. The analysis was undertaken in a context where India is showing high commodity concentration in agricultural trade. The econometric analysis employed is panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation technique. The results indicated evidence of a greater degree of imperfect competition either through price discrimination across destinations or through imperfect exchange rate pass‐through. The analysis of exchange rate effects showed that the local currency price stabilization by the Indian exporters were more prominent than the amplification of exchange rates. The analysis of the asymmetric effects of exchange rates on export prices showed that in most cases the depreciation of Indian rupee had a greater impact than the appreciation. Moreover the results showed that the exchange rate pass‐through is sensitive to the kind of exchange rate index utilised. In our analysis we found that the commodity specific exchange rate better predicts the pricing to market behaviour in most cases.  相似文献   

17.
中国林化产品贸易条件及世界林化产品地区结构分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄利  方天堃  吕杰 《林业经济问题》2007,27(4):358-361,365
利用净贸易条件指数和收入贸易条件指数从整体和分类2个层面对中国主要林化产品1992~2005年贸易条件进行分析,对2002~2005年世界主要林化产品地区结构进行分析。结果表明:中国主要林化产品贸易条件总体上在绝大多数年份得到改善,但单一产品的情况各不相同;中国是世界松香、活性碳、松节油和樟脑出口第一大国,在一定程度上左右国际市场。  相似文献   

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中国作为世界上最大的水产品生产国,近30年水产品出口一直保持增长,在全球水产品市场中的比重大幅度增加,同时面临着与其他国家同业间的竞争。本文运用拓展的引力模型对1999年~2007年中国水产品出口相关的面板数据进行了实证检验,并对主要出口市场水产品贸易潜力进行了测算与分析。研究表明,引力模型只能对中国水产品出口贸易流量和潜力起到部分的解释作用,虽然中国水产品出口对欧美日等市场呈现出所谓的“过度贸易”,对泰国、印度尼西亚等表现为“贸易不足”,但这一总体趋势不会有太大改变。另外,进出口市场之间的产品竞争程度、进口市场的消费习惯也是进出口贸易可能的影响因素。  相似文献   

19.
新形势下中国林产品贸易的困境与对策探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,国际环保主义的盛行和消费者环保意识的提高,不仅催生了以森林认证与产销监管链认证为代表的绿色贸易条件,也促使各主要原木生产国采取各种政策限制木材等原材的出口,美国也修订了《雷斯法案》对贸易中的非法采伐进行限制。林产品贸易所面临的国际环境更加复杂多变。本研究从贸易模式、出口集中度、产业集中度三个角度剖析了中国林产品贸易面临的困境,并提出了相应的对策。  相似文献   

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我国水产品出口现状及发展对策分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
经过30多年的改革开放,中国水产品出口实现了跨越式发展,并以此为引擎推动了中国渔业经济的快速增长,是大农业中唯一实现贸易顺差的产业。本文总结了我国水产品主要出口国家的贸易量、品种和消费动向,剖析了水产品出口存在的质量与安全、人民币升值和加工成本上升、贸易方式和市场竞争等三大瓶颈,提出了我国在未来国际贸易竞争中继续保持相对优势地位,需要发挥行业组织作用、强化产品质量安全,化解不利因素、增强出口竞争力,转变出口方式、拓宽消费市场等对策措施。  相似文献   

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