电子货币视角下的商业银行流动性需求

电子货币的快速发展已经给传统金融理论带来了挑战,特别是对以货币作为经营对象的商业银行经营管理产生了明显的冲击。文章以电子货币发展为视角,尝试性地引入凯恩斯的货币需求理论分析商业银行的流动性需求,旨在为商业银行的流动性管理提供有益的思路。     

普惠金融、流动性约束与家庭消费

采用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)四期面板数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数分析了普惠金融对家庭消费的影响.研究表明,普惠金融显著促进家庭消费支出,且对处在中低分位数的家庭消费支出的促进作用更强.进一步机制分析发现,普惠金融对高流动性资产不足的家庭消费具有显著促进作用,而对高流动性资产充足的家庭而言,普惠金融对其消费的促进作用并不稳健,即普惠金融在一定程度上缓减了家庭面临的流动性约束进而促进家庭消费.     

流动性过剩、主要表现和宏观调控

在对流动性和流动性过剩的内涵进行分析的基础上,文章从货币超额供给、外汇占款持续快速增加、银行业金融机构货币沉淀快速扩大、价格泡沫日益显现和各因素的综合表现等五个方面分析了流动性过剩的主要表现。提出了流动性过剩宏观调控的对策建议：明确流动性过剩宏观调控应关注的方向、充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用、完善中央银行的宏观货币调控体系和进一步推进人民币国际化。     

Determinants of S&;P 500 index option returns

We analyze common factors that affect returns on S&P 500 index options and find that 93% of the variation in option returns can be explained by three factors, which respectively account for 87%, 4%, and 2% of the variation in option returns. Furthermore, we test diffusion option pricing models by using mean–variance spanning properties implied in the models. The spanning tests reject one-factor diffusion models, as well as the hypothesis that the underlying asset and an equally weighted option index span options. Our results fail to reject that the underlying asset and an at-the-money option can span out-of-the-money options, but does reject that they span in-the-money options.      

互联网金融影响了商业银行流动性创造吗?

选取2010-2019年中国98家商业银行年度数据就互联网金融对银行流动性创造的影响及其作用机制进行实证分析.研究发现:互联网金融通过分流银行存款及理财资金对银行盈利形成冲击,由此引发的\"鲶鱼效应\"会倒逼银行加大存贷期限错配来缓解盈利下降压力,从而促进银行流动性创造.相对于国有银行与城农商行,互联网金融对股份制银行流动性创造的促进力度更大.金融脱媒仅在P2P网络借贷对银行流动性创造的影响中承担着中介作用,但\"第三方支付-金融脱媒-银行流动性创造\"的传导渠道无效.银行业景气度提高会加剧互联网金融对流动性创造的促进作用,银行流动性创造存在顺周期倾向.     

金融体系两种模式的运行机制及其服务效率的比较研究--基于中国金融体系发展路径的选择研究

本文从理论和实证两个方面探究了中国金融体系服务实体经济的方式和效率,比较了储蓄支持型金融体系和金融服务支持型金融体系的差异,并提出了中国金融体系未来的发展方向。通过运用因子分析法构建金融效率指标,研究其与实体经济之间的关系,发现直接融资效率与实体经济成正向促进关系,而间接融资效率不及直接融资效率。     

期限错配如何影响商业银行的稳健性——基于商业银行微观数据的实证分析

本文从理论层面梳理了我国商业银行期限错配与经营稳健性之间的内在传导机制。在此基础上,以2011—2018年间我国202家商业银行的非平衡面板数据为样本,实证分析了期限错配对银行稳健性的影响,并按照银行性质不同进行了异质性研究。研究发现:(1)期限错配显著弱化了银行经营的稳健性;(2)将影响程度进行分样本比较,全国性股份制银行高于城市商业银行,大型国有商业银行和农村商业银行结果不显著;(3)进一步分析期限错配影响银行稳健性的传导渠道,发现流动性风险在两者之间具有显著的中介效应,在样本分类比较中,全国性股份制银行流动性风险的相对贡献为10.3%,低于城市商业银行的22.6%,说明相较于城市商业银行,全国性股份制银行的融资渠道多、融资能力强,因而流动性风险对其稳健性的影响有限。     

期权交易策略的构造与运用

本文通过总结、梳理各种期权交易策略与市场观点的关系,使得投资者能够根据自己个性化的投资需要而设计差异性的期权策略,并且能够严格详细地评估投资的风险和回报。     

Take it with a pinch of salt—ESG rating of stocks and stock indices

This paper investigates the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings of 20 leading stock exchange indices by analyzing and aggregating ratings of underlying stocks. ESG ratings are increasingly important inputs to sustainable investments in the European Union and United States with the phasing-in disclosure regulations. We find that ratings from two different rating providers (Sustainalytics and Refinitiv) for the same listed stocks are only weakly correlated, even if the scaling differences of the ratings are adjusted. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to estimate how the choice of major ESG rating inputs (i) aggregation formula, (ii) weighting scheme and (iii) data provider influence the uncertainty of ratings and thus indirectly the sustainable investment process. The simulations reveal that the uncertainty is primarily related to choice of the ESG rating provider. We found that the popular best-in-class portfolio selection could be built on ESG scores. In lower segments of the ESG asset universe, investment selection becomes more challenging due to the increasing uncertainty of ratings. Finally, the paper shows that exchanges in the European Union provide relatively good ESG investment opportunities in international comparison.     

选择权贷款应对中小企业融资难——基于企业的收益成本分析

中小企业融资难已经成为学术界和实业界的普遍共识,银行融资的选择性和资本市场融资的局限性导致中小企业难以合理的成本融资用于发展。选择权贷款是将银行贷款与资本市场融资相结合的新型金融产品,能够克服商业银行贷款短视性和收益局限性,提高中小企业融资能力。本文总结选择权贷款的特性,并对中小企业从选择权贷款中获得的收益和成本进行详细分析,还提出了中小企业在使用选择权贷款中还需要考虑的其他因素。     

A class of Lévy process models with almost exact calibration to both barrier and vanilla FX options

Vanilla (standard European) options are actively traded on many underlying asset classes, such as equities, commodities and foreign exchange (FX). The market quotes for these options are typically used by exotic options traders to calibrate the parameters of the (risk-neutral) stochastic process for the underlying asset. Barrier options, of many different types, are also widely traded in all these markets but one important feature of the FX options markets is that barrier options, especially double-no-touch (DNT) options, are now so actively traded that they are no longer considered, in any way, exotic options. Instead, traders would, in principle, like to use them as instruments to which they can calibrate their model. The desirability of doing this has been highlighted by talks at practitioner conferences but, to our best knowledge (at least within the realm of the published literature), there have been no models which are specifically designed to cater for this. In this paper, we introduce such a model. It allows for calibration in a two-stage process. The first stage fits to DNT options (or other types of double barrier options). The second stage fits to vanilla options. The key to this is to assume that the dynamics of the spot FX rate are of one type before the first exit time from a ‘corridor’ region but are allowed to be of a different type after the first exit time. The model allows for jumps (either finite activity or infinite activity) and also for stochastic volatility. Hence, not only can it give a good fit to the market prices of options, it can also allow for realistic dynamics of the underlying FX rate and realistic future volatility smiles and skews. En route, we significantly extend existing results in the literature by providing closed-form (up to Laplace inversion) expressions for the prices of several types of barrier options as well as results related to the distribution of first passage times and of the ‘overshoot’.     

2013年中国金融市场流动性问题评述

2013年6月以来,银行间资金市场价格多次出现短期内飙升现象,市场流动性问题引发了社会各界的高度关注。本文从货币信贷的总体运行特征、资金市场基本面以及商业银行资产负债表三个方面,对当前流动性问题产生的机理进行剖析,并提出相关政策建议。     

Corporate governance, investor protection, and performance in emerging markets

We use recent data on firm-level corporate governance (CG) rankings across 14 emerging markets and find that there is wide variation in firm-level governance in our sample and that the average firm-level governance is lower in countries with weaker legal systems. We explore the determinants of firm-level governance and find that governance is correlated with the extent of the asymmetric information and contracting imperfections that firms face. We also find that better corporate governance is highly correlated with better operating performance and market valuation. Finally, we provide evidence that firm-level corporate governance provisions matter more in countries with weak legal environments.