经济全球化中发展中国家实现可持续发展的对策研究

经济全球化趋势不可避免,它在促进发展中国家经济增长的同时,也影响到发展中国家的可持续发展。对于发展中国家而言,应当充分利用全球化的有利条件和机遇,要在国际政治经济秩序、环保产业、技术创新和金融可持续发展方面制定相应的对策,实现可持续发展的目标。     

经济全球化对发展中国家居民影响的实证研究

最近十几年,经济全球化的发展对发展中国家产生了很大的影响。从贸易自由化效应来看,经济全球化并没有给发展中国家带来人均收入的增长及就业率的提升,反而令其环境遭受破坏;从金融一体化效应来看,经济全球化加剧了发展中国家的贫富悬殊差距,并导致其国民经济的大幅波动。     

对外直接投资的反向技术溢出效应——基于吸收能力的实证研究

文字利用2003-2008年度间的省级面板数据,运用系统广义矩估计方法实证研究了我国东部、中部和西部地区的吸收能力对OFDI反向技术溢出效应的影响,得出以下结论：一是东部、中部和西部地区存在OFDI反向技术溢出效应,但该效应均较小;二是东部地区制约OFDI反向技术吸收能力的主要因素是人力资本;三是中部和西部地区制约OFDI反向技术吸收能力的主要因素是经济开放度和金融发展水平。     

Microfoundations for learning within international joint ventures

IJV research highlights the importance of learning in international joint ventures (IJVs) but has not indicated how to achieve it. We combine organizational learning and internationalization process research within a microfoundations framework to understand learning in IJVs. We study a Samsung–Tesco IJV that successfully learned retail practice from one partner and applied it in a South Korean context known by the other. The managers used many learning processes, not just experiential learning emphasized in international business research, and used many more knowledge sources than assumed in prior research, including the IJV partners’ other subsidiaries. To build absorptive capacity, IJVs need appropriate microfoundations at individual, process and structural levels, and coherent interlinkages between them, especially by having IJV managers’ with extensive experience and orientation to learn who are given structural and process autonomy to invest in learning.     

从经济增长理论看经济全球化中的金融趋同

新古典增长理论不能合理解释经济增长的趋同,围绕增长趋同之谜,内生增长理论从不同的角度展开了分析与探讨。金融是经济的核心,实体经济与金融经济存在着明显的区别,金融趋同是全球化背景下的显著现象。金融趋同受一定条件的制约,开放经济条件下金融趋同有多种实现路径。     

The effect of experience and absorptive capacity on foreign market knowledge

Learning about foreign markets often occurs through collaboration with other firms who have this knowledge. In this paper, we focus on one aspect of foreign market knowledge, which is the knowledge a partner in a dyadic relationship, has of the other partner and of their respective business network relationships. The concept ‘absorptive capacity’ [Admin. Sci. Q. 35 (1990) 128] is used to describe the firm’s ability to use its prior related knowledge and diverse background to identify the value of new information and to develop this into something creative. We develop and empirically test a model of how depth and diversity of experience affect absorptive capacity, and how this absorptive capacity affects the way a lack of foreign market knowledge is perceived as an obstacle in carrying out the ongoing business activity.The results show that the lack of foreign market knowledge in the ongoing business is determined both by the firm’s absorptive capacity generated in dyadic relationships with foreign customers and the customer’s network. The dyadic and network absorptive capacities, however, appear to be used differently in the ongoing business. Dyadic absorptive capacity seems to decrease the lack of foreign market knowledge, whereas customer network absorptive capacity seems to increase it.     

Corporate culture and absorptive capacity: The moderating role of national culture dimensions on innovation management

Firms have to strive for innovation constantly in order to gain and retain a competitive advantage, which renders absorptive capacity (ACAP) – a firm’s ability to absorb and apply external knowledge – highly relevant. Based on data obtained from 592 CEOs and managers of firms in Austria, Brazil, Germany, India, Singapore, and the United States, we show how ACAP can be fostered in an international context. We analyze how corporate culture affects potential as well as realized ACAP and how national culture dimensions moderate these relationships in a fit-as-moderation model. We reveal that the adhocracy culture supports potential and realized ACAP, whereas the market and hierarchy cultures hinder both potential and realized ACAP. Moreover, the relationship between corporate culture and potential ACAP is stable across national culture dimensions, whereas selected national and corporate cultures are more effective in fostering realized ACAP. These results open up opportunities for researchers and support firms in their attempts to foster their firms’ knowledge management processes.     

经济全球化对我国的启示

经济全球化是无法回避的历史潮流,但由于各国实力差异很大,各国在经济全球化过程中得到的机遇和面临的挑战是不同的。我国在经济全球化进程中应大力提高企业的国际竞争力,建立和保持良好的经济结构,积极稳妥地推进金融改革,加大吸收外资和对外投资的力度。     

The effect of international venturing on firm performance: The moderating influence of absorptive capacity

Companies have vigorously pursued opportunities for profitability and growth through international venturing. Yet, research evidence on the performance benefits of international venturing activities has been contradictory. Applying an organizational learning framework, we propose that the expected effects of international venturing activities on financial performance depend on companies' absorptive capacity. Data from 217 global manufacturing companies show that absorptive capacity moderates the relationship between international venturing and firms' profitability and revenue growth. These results urge executives to build internal R&D and innovative capabilities in order to successfully exploit the new knowledge acquired from foreign markets.     

技术扩散和区域经济收敛:一个理论模型的新框架

本文在技术溢出与结构距离比地理距离更相关、相关的大小和显著性程度依靠经济体的部门构成假设基础上。通过对技术进步的不同处理并把技术溢出看作不同经济体间相似度的正函数,提出了一个新的区域经济收敛理论模型框架、推导出一个Solow模型的扩展模型并建立了扩展收敛方程。     

Learning by exporting under fast,short-term changes: The moderating role of absorptive capacity and foreign collaborative agreements

What are the consequences for innovation of fast, short-term changes in exporting activity? Building on the learning by exporting literature and using a sample of 880 Italian manufacturing firms over two successive time periods, our study reveals key asymmetries. First, a rapid increase in export breadth, but not in export depth, reduces the firm’s probability of developing new innovative outputs. Second, no such effects are found in the case of a decrease in firms’ exporting activity. Third, both absorptive capacity and foreign collaborative agreements facilitate the absorption of the shock occurring when firms experience a rapid increase in export breadth, but not when the rapid increase takes place in export depth. Theoretical and managerial implications emerge from this research.     

Absorptive capacity in foreign subsidiaries: The effects of language-sensitive recruitment,language training,and interunit knowledge transfer

Are multinational corporations able to enhance the development of absorptive capacity in foreign subsidiaries through language-oriented human resource management (HRM) practices? Taking into account that a shared language enhances absorptive capacity and that many multinational corporations are multilingual entities, this question is relevant but given little focused attention in international business research. In this paper, we hypothesize that two language-oriented HRM practices – language-sensitive recruitment and language training – enhance absorptive capacity in foreign subsidiaries. In addition, we hypothesize that interunit knowledge transfer partially mediates the positive relationship between these language-oriented HRM practices and absorptive capacity. Analyses of survey data derived at three points in time from 574 foreign subsidiary units in Japan provide support for these hypotheses.     

科技创新推动经济发展方式转变的理论研究述评

＂科技创新＂与＂转变经济发展方式＂均是从中国改革开放实践层面提出的新兴词汇。科技创新支撑经济发展方式转变的核心在于提高科技进步与创新对经济增长的贡献度,使其成为经济增长的最重要推动力。在西方经济学的经典理论中,并没有明确提出科技创新的概念;直接以＂科技创新与转变经济发展方式＂为主题的专题研究也很稀少。尽管如此,科技创新的主要内涵在发明、创新、技术进步以及经济增长理论的研讨中已展开得较为充分。以科技创新促进经济发展方式转变可通过创造新产品和新工艺的发明、把发明转化为商业应用的创新、把创新扩散到整个经济社会三个阶段,重点抓住发明、创新和技术进步促进经济增长的原因、扩散与转移、传导机制、绩效评价几个关键环节。     

The influence of R&D investment on the use of corporate venture capital: An industry-level analysis

We consider how internal research and development (R&D) influences the use of corporate venture capital (CVC) and how this relationship varies across industries. We find that, in general, R&D investments increase the number of CVC deals in an industry. We also find that R&D investment has a particularly strong influence on the use of CVC in industries that are growing rapidly and changing technologically. Our analysis provides greater clarity on the relationships involving R&D and CVC in the presence of contingencies by integrating insights of absorptive capacity and real options reasoning.     

The role of subsidiary learning behavior and absorptive capacity in foreign subsidiary expansion

We examine how subsidiaries can implement business expansion successfully to capitalize on growth potentials. Building on our baseline hypothesis, which examines the effect of the extent of business expansion on subsidiary divestment, we identify the boundary condition of the tendency of subsidiary’s learning behavior in foreign expansion. Specifically, we argue that subsidiaries that expand multiple businesses through competence-creating learning behaviors are more likely to be divested due to increasing complexity. We further suggest a remedial condition to offer a viable approach to implement business expansion through competence-creating learning successfully. Based on a sample of 6040 foreign subsidiaries operating over 14 years, we show that affiliates are more likely to expand into unfamiliar business domains successfully if they have a higher level of absorptive capacity.     

经济全球化背景下的中国医药产业的发展策略

在介绍近年来中国医药产业发展的国际背景和国内背景的基础上,论述中国医药产业发展现状,提出中国医药产业未来的发展趋势及应对策略,主要包括使中国成为世界医药制造业中心的策略,加快医药产业电子商务步伐及促进医药流通业的迅速发展的对策。     

转变经济发展方式应把握的几个战略要点

加快转变经济发展方式,是根据现阶段我国经济发展的客观实际作出的重大战略决策,是落实科学发展观的基本要求,其实质是解决经济如何又好又快发展的问题.转变经济发展方式,需要有科技和管理创新作为支撑,以劳动者素质的普遍提高作为根本,配合政府职能的转变、现代能源与资源制度的完善,以及市场机制的健全.只有将这些因素以科学发展观为指导有机地结合起来,才能实现经济发展方式的根本转变.也就是说,要把经济增长的质量和效益放在首位,走内涵式扩大再生产的路子;牢固树立节约资源、保护环境的观念,更多地依靠法律的、市场的手段节能降耗减排;继续深化改革,完善政绩考核机制和财税体制,从体制、机制、政策、技术、管理等方面采取切实可行的措施,形成有利于发展方式转变的体制和运行机制.具体地说,应注意解决好以下几个问题:一是把转变经济发展方式与加强自主创新结合起来;二是把转变经济发展方式与提高比较优势素质结合起来;三是把转变经济发展方式与转变政府职能结合起来:四是把转变经济发展方式与发挥市场机制的作用结合起来;五是把转变经济发展方式与完善现代资源环境制度结合起来.     

茧丝绸行业应对经济全球化的战略分析

中国经济已面临经济全球化的挑战。作为典型的传统产业一茧丝绸行业,在其战略调整中,必须从其自身的产业优势出发,认真分折技术落后、国际竞争力弱和世界丝绸市场产销格局变化等特点,利用WTO的有关规则和原则,进行战略分析。通过采取制定行业保护性措施,加强出口管理和组建新型的贸、工、农大集团公司等战略,立足于整个萤丝绸产业的价值链来提升产业的国际竞争力。     

The dynamic impact of innovative capability and inter-firm network on firm valuation: A longitudinal study of biotechnology start-ups

Prior research suggests that a high technology start-up's innovative capability and inter-firm network influence its performance and consequently, firm valuation. Few studies consider their joint influence and even fewer consider the temporal change of those effects on firm valuation. In this study, we propose that firm age, a key organizational variable, represents both the development of organizational routines from a start-up's perspective and the accumulation of accessible information from an investor's viewpoint. As such, an investor's evaluation of a high technology start-up's innovative capability and inter-firm network evolves with firm age. Using panel data of 170 biotechnology start-ups, our results suggest that the relative value of network status declines while the impact of innovative capability increases with firm age. Interestingly, there is a growing complementary effect of innovative capability and network heterogeneity on firm valuation. The implications of these findings for entrepreneurial practice and theories of firm capabilities and inter-firm network are discussed.     

加强金砖国家的经济合作

金砖国家是指巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非五个新兴经济体国家,其经济以快速发展为主要特点。预计金砖国家GDP总量占全球的比重2015年将会上升到23%,2020年将会达到31%,2025年将达到41%,2030年将达到47%,甚至有可能会占到50%以上。金砖国家目前面临的主要问题是收入分配差距比较大、产业层次低、社会保障体系不够完善、受通货膨胀困扰和国际短期资本冲击大。金砖国家应处理好与发达国家和其他发展中国家以及金砖国家内部的合作关系,把握好共同利益,在国际事务中加强政策协调,共同反对贸易保护主义,推动国际金融体系改革,积极应对全球气候变化,实现共同发展。