跨境人民币结算与人民币国际化研究

本轮国际金融危机发生以来,现行国际货币体系的弊端更加凸显。跨境贸易的人民币结算是人民币国际化的第一步,该业务的稳健发展对于人民币国际化尤为重要,及时加强跨境贸易人民币结算与人民币国际化问题研究,对保障我国经济金融稳健发展,推动人民币国际化具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本文在阐述货币国际化的条件和路径的基础上,考察了四种货币国际化的经验教训,探讨了我国跨境贸易人民币结算业务发展与人民币国际化面临的机遇与挑战,并提出了相关的政策建议。     

Export barriers and path to internationalization: A comparison of conventional enterprises and international new ventures

Twenty years after the seminal work on rapid and early internationalization, export barrier research remains detached from this path of internationalization. Thus far, export research has largely disregarded the relationship between path to internationalization and the influence of export constraints. This paper opens a new thoroughfare of inquiry by distinguishing international new ventures from conventional enterprises on the basis of the export barrier construct. Using a sample of 129 small multinational enterprises, our logistic regression model separates international new ventures from conventional enterprises, with accuracy approaching 80 % on the basis of eight underlying export barrier factors. Our results convey two dynamic implications: In the realm of export research, we demonstrate that export barriers can indeed predict the path to internationalization. Thus, gradual internationalization is induced by skill and knowledge shortages, while rapid internationalization ensues from positive managerial orientation and lack of confidence in the host market. From a policymaking perspective, this study provides a basis for predicting the international new venture-to-conventional enterprise ratio within the population as well as an instructive basis for needs-based targeting of incentives.     

“一带一路”高质量发展背景下中国企业“走出去”的战略思考

"一带一路"高质量发展顺应了世界经济全球化和新一轮科技革命的历史潮流,为中国企业"走出去"带来了新的机遇,中国企业也必将成为"一带一路"高质量发展的实施主体和中坚力量。本文结合"一带一路"高质量发展的内涵,分析了中国企业参与"一带一路"高质量发展在基建项目、制造业转移、境外经贸合作区和企业社会责任等方面的优势与经验,以及在营商环境、管理经验、高级人才和投资协调机制等方面存在的问题与挑战,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Environmental strategy and exports in medium,small and micro-enterprises

Growing corporate internationalization and the emergence of environmental concerns are two of the main trends in the business world. This paper analyzes whether strategies for environmental protection can help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as they internationalize their activities through exports. Personal interviews were conducted with 123 general managers of exporting SMEs from the Spanish food industry. The results show a relationship between advanced environmental strategies and export intensity for the sampled firms. However, the size of firm plays a role in this relationship, as the relationship between advanced environmental strategies and exports is stronger with an increase in the size of the SMEs. Authors discuss implications of these results for practitioners and future research.     

International Export Orientation and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Enterprise Survey Data of India

This study aims at analyzing the performance of firms by international export orientation vis-à-vis domestic orientation, based on World Enterprise Survey Data of 9,281 firms of India. Simple statistical techniques such as chi-squared test, ANOVA, and regression model have been used to analyze the data with the help of SPSS version 20.0. Chi-square statistics indicate that there is significant difference in enterprise characteristics by business orientationdomestic versus export-oriented businesses. Result of the ANOVA indicates a significant difference in business performance between export versus domestic orientation of firms in terms of sales and employment growth rates. Export-oriented enterprises perceive comparatively fewer obstacles than domestic enterprises. Regression analysis indicates that enterprise characteristics, performance indicators, and business obstacles have influence on export orientation of the firms. This study provides insights on differences in firms’ performance across business orientations and factors affecting the internationalization of business. This study can be helpful in designing policies for promoting export-oriented enterprises in a focused manner.     

中国企业国际化所面对的人力资源问题

随着经济全球一体化的发展,以及“地球村”的逐步形成,中国已经有越来越多的企业走向国际化。如今中国企业国际化主要表现为“海外并购”的形式,但中国企业的海外并购存在着一些问题。事实证明企业并购中最关键的因素之一是人力资源因素,而中国的人力资源状况并不乐观。虽然中国人力资源的总量多,但是人力资源的素质偏低,从而导致中国企业国际化道路的困难。要想缩小中国人力资源状况对企业并购的影响,中国企业则要注重对国际化人才的培养,企业并购后人员的整合及并购企业双方的文化融合等问题。     

The belt and road initiative,cultural friction and ethnicity: Their effects on the export performance of SMEs in China

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has provided Chinese firms with significant incentives to speed up the pace of internationalization. Yet very little international business (IB) research has been found to empirically examine such policy effects. This study explores this important issue using Chinese firms of different ethnicities in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of China. We propose that the BRI has a positive formal institutional effect on the export performance of XUAR firms that target the “Belt” countries. Both cultural friction and ethnicity serve as the unique cultural contingencies that moderate the relationship between the BRI and export performance. More specifically, the cultural friction that results from the process of internationalization will negatively affect the export performance prompted by the BRI. The Uygur-owned firms will benefit more from the BRI due to their cultural similarity. Overall, the study takes the lead in investigating both internal conditions and external environments that promote and inhibit the internationalization process of small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) in the XUAR that are geographically close to the “Belt” countries. The findings help enrich the understanding of the dual “push” and “drag” effects on the outcomes of SMEs’ international activities due to the government-led initiatives and the understanding of micro-foundation toward internationalization from an ethnicity perspective.     

Are SMEs with immigrant owners exceptional exporters?

Immigrant owners possess valuable human and social capital from which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) might derive advantages when internationalizing. According to this resource-based perspective, such advantages might be manifested in immigrant-owned SMEs' enhanced ability to identify, evaluate, develop and exploit opportunities in international markets. However, a cognitive perspective offers an opposing view: insofar as immigrant owners are more prone to overconfidence than their non-immigrant counterparts when making internationalization decisions, immigrant-owned SMEs might reap less financial rewards from potentially high-risk international markets. We pit the two perspectives against each other theoretically and empirically by evaluating a) the relationship between business owners' immigrant background and SMEs' export intensity, and b) the extent to which such background moderates the relationship between SMEs' export intensity and (risk-adjusted) financial performance. Based on a representative sample of 9977 Canadian SMEs, we find that the presence of immigrant owners positively impacts export intensity, but negatively moderates the relationship between export intensity and financial performance. We interpret this evidence, combined with supplementary analyses, as support for a cognitive theory of international entrepreneurship in general, and particularly in relation to the role and consequences of entrepreneurs' immigrant background.     

Internationalization of Smaller Firms: Opportunity Development through Networks

This article aims to contribute toward a better understanding of the opportunity development process that rapidly internationalizing small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) undergo. Little is known about how SMEs overcome challenges in the process of recognizing and exploiting market opportunities during their rapid expansion abroad. This article presents a longitudinal case study that illustrates how a firm's relationships with business, social, and political actors enhance its opportunity development during the internationalization process. The findings highlight that conducting matching activities at different levels helps the firm overcome challenges and succeed in developing new opportunities for continued expansion abroad. This study contributes to research on rapidly internationalizing firms by broadening the empirical and theoretical understanding of the opportunity development process for smaller firms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Internationalizing Business Education for Globally Competent Managers

The world is shrinking as developments in technology and transportation rapidly increase global opportunities and challenges for businesses. Furthermore, developing markets are becoming increasingly important, creating new challenges for managers. Business education must step in and prepare graduates to work in and with these markets. This article discusses mission-based approaches to increasing the internationalization of business education to change mindsets and increase student's ability to address these new challenges. One of the important resources for building this mission-based approach is the 33 national Centers for International Business Education and Research (CIBERs).     

The antecedents of early internationalization: A configurational perspective

The literature on international business and international entrepreneurship provides multiple explanations for early internationalization. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this study examines the antecedents of early internationalization for small firms based in a small economy, focusing on entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward the economic opportunities available in their domestic market, the risk of internationalizing, and the profitability of entering foreign markets. Three additional antecedents are examined: unsolicited orders, existence of underutilized capacity, and the behavior of competitors. The study uncovers three distinct combinations of antecedents that are equifinally linked to the early internationalization of small enterprises, and contributes to the literature through a multi-causal, configurational approach.     

电子商务与商业文化重塑研究

由于电子商务依托互联网,变化快,机遇与挑战并存,需要企业、政府和社会多方协作,共同努力才能构建适合电子商务企业发展的、具有中国特色的商业文化体系,从而为中国电子商务发展提供养分。通过剖析国内外商业文化思想,分析电子商务对传统商业文化的影响因素,进一步提出重塑电子商务企业的商业文化体系路径。     

International Expansion of SMEs: The Inducascos Case

While small and medium enterprises contribute to gross domestic product, generate crucial employment, and improve socio-economic development, unfortunately the literature on the internationalization processes of these companies remains timid and inconsistent. The following study seeks to analyze the international expansion of the Colombian company Inducascos. The research follows the structure of a case study including literature analysis and secondary data of the Colombian industrial market and Inducascos. Challenges, opportunities and learning process of the organization related to its international expansion and set out, seeking to contribute to the existing studies in international business.     

Cognitive and Information‐Based Capabilities in the Internationalization of Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: The Case of Croatian Exporters

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of information and cognitive‐based capabilities on the international performance as the main rationale behind successful internationalization. The study was conducted on a sample of 125 Croatian exporting small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), and results indicate that there is a significant influence of the cognitive and information‐based capabilities on the SME export performance. The results implicate the role of cognitive complexity as a platform for successful processing of foreign market intelligence which has value‐added impact on the SME's export performance.     

浅析我国企业国际品牌创建策略

近些年,我国企业通过贴牌代工这类生产方式实现的产品国际化,让大多数我国企业陷入“丰产”不“丰收”的尴尬境地。2005年开始的人民币升值使得我国企业产品出口进一步雪上加霜。在国际市场上极低的品牌认知度,被管理学界普遍认为是造成我国企业利润微薄的重要原因。因此,创建商品的国际品牌,提高出口商品的竞争力,是新时期我国企业迫切需要解决的问题。     

Evaluations of export feasibility by immigrant and non-immigrant entrepreneurs in new technology-based firms

Entrepreneurs evaluate the feasibility of future export opportunities according to individual-level factors and perceived environmental conditions. However, because individual entrepreneurs are heterogeneous in their characteristics, previous experiences, and perceptions of environment, entrepreneurs will differ in their evaluations of internationalization feasibility. In this paper, we investigate whether and how one relevant source of entrepreneur heterogeneity, i.e., migrant condition, impacts the perceived feasibility of exporting opportunities. Drawing on rich primary data collected from a matched-pair sample of 71 immigrant and 69 native entrepreneurs active in non-internationalized new technology-based firms in Italy, we find that the migrant condition positively moderates the relationship between perceived financial public support and perceived feasibility of exporting, whereas it negatively moderates the relationship between international business skills and perceived export feasibility. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and policy in the area of international entrepreneurship.     

Advancing societal grand challenge research at the interface of entrepreneurship and international business: A review and research agenda

Societal grand challenges are increasingly attracting the attention of both entrepreneurship and international business scholars. While entrepreneurship focuses on the opportunities that emerge and need for bold and innovative solutions, international business research emphasizes the global reach of the challenges and role of multinational enterprises. Although both conversations are insightful, we argue that examining one without the other gives an incomplete picture on how to address grand challenges. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the conversation on grand challenges in the international business and entrepreneurship literature. Upon synthesizing the results, we create an integrated framework and research agenda for viewing grand challenges through an international entrepreneurial lens.     

中小企业如何识别国际市场机会──基于偏离-份额分析法的机会分析与评估

中国中小企业经历一段高速发展之后,出口竞争力有所弱化。再加上世界金融危机的影响,企业的生存和发展存在困难。如何帮助中小企业更好地识别国际市场机会、提高竞争力,是国际市场营销研究者应该关注的问题。本文应用偏离-份额分析法(Shift-Share Method,缩写成SSM),对国际市场潜力进行分析和评估。为了更好地说明SSM的应用,本文选取了2004-2008年南美国家从中国进口工艺陶瓷制品的数据,进行了市场潜力的分析和评估。     

The impacts of network relationships on SMEs' internationalization process

In today's globalization era, more and more firms are striving to have an international presence, even though they face many challenges. Based on a multisite case study method, this article examines how indigenous Malaysian small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) use their network relationships to facilitate their internationalization process. The evidence from the case of three software firms and one control firm in this study support the firms' internationalization process in the ways that network relationships trigger and motivate them to internationalize, influence their marketselection decision and mode‐of‐entry decision, help them gain initial credibility, allow access to additional relationships and established channels, help in lowering cost and reducing risk, and influence their internationalization pace and pattern. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Strategic ambidexterity and its performance implications for emerging economies multinationals

Emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are attracting significant scholarly attention in the international business and general management domain. The extant research has provided important insights into the EMNEs’ internationalization processes and whether the existing theories adequately explain their outward investment motives. This special issue aims to provide a platform suited to extend the current understanding of the rapid rise of EMNEs and examine the vital role played by strategic ambidexterity and its performance implications for the EMNEs. The current research on EMNEs has failed to adequately leverage strategic ambidexterity and link it with the post-entry performance of EMNEs. We argue that the strategic ambidexterity perspective offers valuable opportunities to understand the post-entry performance of EMNEs as they expand into developed and developing markets. The article also highlights important areas for future research by taking into account the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis.