The impact of credit constraints on exporting firms: Evidence from the provision and subsequent removal of subsidised credit

We study the causal impact of credit constraints on exporters using a natural experiment provided by two policy changes in India, first in 1998 which made small‐scale firms eligible for subsidised direct credit, and a subsequent reversal in policy in 2000 wherein some of these firms lost their eligibility. Using firms that were not affected by these policy changes as our control group in each case, we find that credit expansion increased the growth rate of bank borrowing and had a positive effect on exports. The subsequent policy reversal in 2000 had no impact on the growth rate of bank borrowing or on exports.     

金融危机对中国出口贸易的影响及对策

美国次贷危机引发金融危机,金融危机导致世界经济整体下滑。短期内,外部需求萎缩、国际原材料价格上涨和人民币升值导致的企业出口成本上升、国外银行信贷紧缩导致的国内企业资金周转能力下降以及贸易保护主义抬头等因素使得中国出口贸易增速明显下降。从中长期来看,外需明显萎缩是影响中国出口贸易增长的主要因素,预计2009年中国出口贸易增速将降为3.2%左右。     

金融危机背景下中国出口贸易对环境影响的经验研究

金融危机背景下大量中小企业倒闭引发的中国出口贸易放缓为评估其引起的环境污染问题提供了契机。通过构造单位出口值排污量,衡量出口贸易与环境污染问题,并对比2007与2008年环境效应构成,发现出口结构调整与技术水平的提高,能够在很大程度上改变环境污染状况。从而得出结论：我国应坚定不移地继续优化出口贸易结构和提高出口产品科技含量。     

中部地区开放型经济发展现状、定位及路径选择

随着国内外发展环境的变化,我国开放型经济面临的瓶颈约束日益明显,区域发展不协调、一体化水平不高等问题愈发突出。推动内陆欠发达地区开放型经济发展、形成合理的区域发展格局是我国开放布局的重要目标。地处内陆腹地的中部地区要改变开放型经济发展滞后的状况,实现本地区经济崛起,必须确立新的发展思路,寻求新的发展路径。     

金融危机下的东莞企业外贸状况分析

东莞是中国加工贸易企业最集聚的城市。加贸企业大进大出。金融危机削弱了进出口需求,东莞外贸受到冲击,但远没有外界传说的严重。除了2009年以外,东莞各类型企业进出口额在金融危机下普遍呈现出良好的增长势头,并呈现出不同的增长特性。集体企业、私营企业进出口额增长最快,国有企业进出口额增长最慢。     

金融发展与出口贸易技术水平关系研究——基于中国省级面板数据

本文利用2002-2008年省级面板数据,考察了中国各地区的金融发展水平对出口贸易技术水平的影响,实证结果表明:金融发展规模对加工贸易出口技术水平有显著的正向作用,而对一般贸易技术水平则具有显著的负向作用;金融发展效率对加工贸易出口技术水平和一般贸易技术水平的影响均显著为负;证券发展水平对加工贸易出口技术水平的影响并不显著,而对一般贸易出口技术水平则有显著的正面影响。此外,本文进一步发现,人力资本、研发投入、FDI对加工贸易技术水平有显著的正向作用,但对一般贸易技术水平却不存在显著的正向作用。     

金融危机后中国频遭贸易壁垒的内因分析:以中美贸易为例

基于出口数量与出口价格视角,探讨金融危机后中国频遭贸易壁垒的内因。利用2008年美国从160个国家进口的HS编码92版本六分位贸易数据,基于扩展的引力模型,进行计量分析,结果发现:在控制经济发展水平、经济规模、贸易成本、产品特征等因素后,中国对美国的出口数量高于其应有水平,价格低于其应有水平,这是中国出口的特殊性,也是中国频遭贸易壁垒的内因。     

The Impact of U.S.-Sponsored Foreign Trade Office Activities

ABSTRACT

Foreign trade offices (FTOs) are an important, little-understood element in the export promotion portfolio of U.S. state export promotion organizations. The value of these organizations is in dispute. In recent years California closed its FTOs in response to budgetary pressures, claiming that these organizations exist primarily to enhance the political standing of politicians rather than to act as effective export development tools. During the same period Washington State opened several new FTOs. Clearly the value of these organizations is in dispute. Another consideration in the effectiveness of U.S. exporters is the subnational contour of the American economic system. State business climates vary considerably, thereby influencing exporter success as well as those programs (such as FTOs) intended to improve firm performance. We hypothesize and find that (a) state entrepreneurial climate is positively related to state exports and (b) FTO network entry activities amplify the impact of state entrepreneurial climate on state exports. Implications for firms and policy makers are explored.     

贸易便利化与中国出口贸易:基于改进“引力模型”的分析

通过构建贸易便利化水平测量指标体系,本文测算了中国及48个主要贸易伙伴2007-2012年贸易便利化水平的变化情况,并利用改进的"引力模型"就贸易便利化对中国出口贸易影响进行了实证分析,在假定各国贸易便利化水平分别提升50%情景下模拟测算了2012年中国出口贸易的增长潜力。结果显示:中国贸易便利化现阶段处于"中游"水平,与2007年相比,2012年中国的贸易便利化水平略有提升;基础设施对中国出口影响最大,其次是电子商务,规则环境和海关环境的影响不显著;在贸易便利化水平提升50%的情景下,中国对48个主要贸易伙伴的出口均会有不同幅度的增长,其中对发达国家的出口增长潜力明显大于对发展中国家的出口。     

Financial vulnerability and export dynamics

This paper examines the implication of financial shocks on firms’ export dynamics in developing economies. To address this question, we use the Exporter Dynamics Dataset, which contains new data on the microstructure of exports for 34 developing countries between 1997 and 2011, and investigate how exporter behaviour is affected by financial crises. We find that financial crises in both the origin and destination countries have a large negative effect on firm, product and destination dynamics, particularly in industries dependent on external finance. Financial crises make the costs of exporting more difficult to meet and in turn reduce firms’ ability to start exporting, introduce new products and sell to new destinations. We also find that the impact of financial crises is less pronounced in exporting countries with relatively more open capital accounts, suggesting that portfolio inflows may be a good substitute for underdeveloped domestic financial markets.     

基于行为视角的贸易伙伴国进口便利化对中国的出口贸易效应研究

本文基于中国的贸易伙伴国进口贸易便利化视角,选取进口文件、进口时间及进口成本3个指标构建贸易便利化水平评价体系,并利用改进的引力模型实证检验其对中国出口贸易的影响效应。此外,基于分区域改进引力模型回归结果,选取贸易伙伴国进口成本指标设计两套方案检验贸易伙伴国进口便利化改善对中国出口贸易的影响。结果显示:贸易伙伴国的进口便利化水平改善能显著促进中国出口贸易,当贸易伙伴国进口成本分别降至区域平均水平与最低水平时,中国的出口总量将分别增加1,963.7亿美元与11,431.06亿美元。     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的效应分析

本文通过实证分析认为,出口退税政策对出口规模和出口结构具有明显的影响效果,在短期内可将出口退税政策作为我国调节出口贸易的重要手段,但从长期看我国应通过转变出口增长方式和出口结构,以提高出口企业的核心竞争力,保持出口贸易稳定持续发展。     

我国对外贸易地区结构变化影响因素的实证检验——基于1995～2007年面板数据的分析

文章基于1995～2007年的贸易面板数据,探讨了影响我国贸易地区结构变化的主要因素,并以亚洲、欧洲和北美洲为例,从出口和进口贸易地区结构两个层面进行了实证检验,通过比较分析发现:亚洲地区的经济和贸易发展与我国存在密切的联系,其需求结构的变化对我国的贸易结构变化有一定的影响;北美洲消费水平的变化直接影响到我国的出口贸易地区结构;同时,FDI对于我国同欧洲、北美洲产生的贸易影响显著,FDI的增加使得我国出口到欧洲、北美洲的产品比重增加,使得来自欧洲、北美洲的进口产品比重减少。     

技术贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及应对措施研究

随着贸易自由化的不断加深,数量限制和高关税已经成为历史,技术贸易壁垒正成为发达国家珂易保护的新手段。本文深入地分析了技术贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响,并给出了应对技术贸易壁垒行之有效的措施建议。     

金融危机下关于我国出口退税功能定位的思考

2008年爆发的全球性的金融危机对我国的出口业影响巨大,全年外贸出口总额增速放缓,出口形势严峻.为了刺激出口,中国政府出台了一系列政策,以减轻企业面临的经营压力.然而,提高出口退税率并不能从根本上解决出口面临的问题,因为关键问题在于我国企业的科技研发能力不足,企业科技创新意识不强,产品科技含量低,国际竞争力不强.保证出口稳定增长的根本途径是,促进企业科技创新,增强企业科技研发能力以及加强知识产权保护.     

国际服务贸易对浙江省经济增长的贡献分析

近年来,国际服务贸易在全球经济结构转化大趋势下得以迅猛发展,相对而言,浙江省国际服务贸易发展相对滞后。采用浙江省1995年～2010年国际服务贸易和GDP的数据建立模型,分析结果发现浙江省国际服务贸易进口和出口与GDP之间存在正向相关性,国际服务贸易进口对国民经济增长的贡献要比出口大,对经济增长的拉动作用更明显。     

“绿色浪潮”与我国绿色产品出口的对策

绿色浪潮、绿色贸易壁垒、绿色标志制度和国际环境标准都对我国出口贸易产生重大影响。我国应以建立健全扩大绿色产品机制,大力推进绿色产业,依据国际标准培植绿色企业,打破绿色贸易壁垒,积极发展与扩大绿色商品出口,保证绿色产品顺利进入国际市场。     

Aid for trade and export diversification in recipient‐countries

The Aid‐for‐Trade (AfT) Initiative was launched by the Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) with a view to helping developing countries and the least‐developed countries (LDCs) expand their trade. The current paper contributes to the literature on AfT effectiveness by examining how AfT affects recipient‐countries' export product diversification. The analysis has been carried out on a sample of 104 AfT recipient‐countries over the period 2002–2015 and uses the two‐step system generalised methods of moments (GMM) approach. Results show that AfT flows are conducive to export product diversification in recipient‐countries. In addition, the analysis has shown a positive impact of the cumulative AfT flows on the export product diversification path of these countries. These results apply as well to the subsamples of LDCs and other developing countries. One policy implication of these results is that a scale‐up of AfT would help recipient‐countries to diversify their export products baskets and hence facilitate their greater integration into the global trading system.