Does rising import competition harm local firm productivity in less advanced economies? Evidence from the Vietnam's manufacturing sector

This paper examines whether rising import penetration has an effect on the productivity of domestic firms. The study uses data on a 10-year unbalanced panel of firms in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam from 2000 to 2009. Panel and instrumental variable methods are used to control firm heterogeneity and endogeneity of import penetration. We find statistically significant and negative effects of import competition on local firms’ productivity, but the effect in terms of magnitude is economically small. Further investigation shows no clear evidence of variations in the effects by firm size and technological level. However, we find that rising import penetration is associated with the likelihood of firm death.     

Fighting off the big guys: comparing competitive retail services strategies in industrialized and developing world settings

As global trends regarding increased mergers and acquisitions continue, small local retailers must learn how to fend off these strong attackers. We assess key services strategies when small-local retailers compete against large-national retailers in industrialized (USA) and developing world (black South African township) retail settings. Of key interest is how theories generated from industrialized world research apply in developing world settings. We found that small retailers fend off large national retailers using virtually identical strategies regardless of the level of economic development.

E-Commerce Patterns in South Asia: A Look Beyond Economics

ABSTRACT

Conflicting and complex forces are shaping the diffusion patterns of the Internet and e-commerce in South Asia. Drawing upon the literature on institutional theory, we explore the drivers and inhibitors of the Internet in South Asian countries. We examine the influence of the three pillars of institutions (Scott, 1995) on the digital world of South Asia. The paper discusses how regulatory, normative, and cognitive institution–such as laws, relationships, culture, and habit–have shaped the diffusion patterns of the Internet and e-commerce in South Asia.     

组织二元性的前因与影响结果研究进展

发轫于西方发达国家大企业实践之中的组织二元性被视为企业竞争优势的新来源。文章在梳理组织二元性研究文献的基础上,整理出组织二元性的前因与影响结果的整体研究框架。对结构分离、情境设计、领导行为、企业网络等多种实现组织二元性机制进行分析。同时,关于现有研究对组织二元性与企业绩效的作用得到了正向、负向、不显著等三种不一致的结论,文章从两个方面对其成因做出解释。     

企业竞争优势持久性的理论分析

本文认为,企业的竞争优势通常来源于成本优势、差别化优势、集中一点优势、关联与整合优势、技术优势等。成本优势主要源于规模经济、生产能力利用模式及学习模式,其持久性在于竞争者难以复制或模仿;差别化优势的持久性在于企业拥有的核心技能(如技术领先、组织机构优势、质量优势、销售领先等)的可否替代性及其程度,不可替代的核心技能才不容易被复制,多样的差别化优势才更持久;集中一点优势主要来源于成本集中和差别集中,其持久性在于目标市场足够大,可以赢利,具有很好的成长潜力,公司拥有有效服务目标市场的资源和能力及借此建立起来的商誉;关联与整合优势在企业之间形成一种链式结构,有利于减少成本,扩大市场份额,形成规模经济,提高抗风险能力;技术优势的持久性取决于技术模仿的难度、技术持续开发和创新能力、技术专利等。同时,竞争战略的持续性和稳定性、部分战略的随机调整能力、竞争战略向竞争优势的转化能力等,也对企业竞争优势的持久性产生影响。     

产品市场竞争对企业水信息披露的影响研究——基于2010-2016年中国高水敏感性行业的经验证据

面对日益严格的水监控,企业应如何调整竞争战略以适应竞争与政策呢？基于2010—2016年中国高水敏感性行业300家上市企业的面板数据,文章采用Tobit模型实证检验了产品市场竞争（行业竞争强度与企业市场势力）对企业水信息披露的影响机理。结果表明：行业竞争强度与企业水信息披露呈倒U型相关;温和竞争行业内最高市场势力的企业能够起到行业标杆作用,更愿意主动披露水信息;在进一步分析中,发现国有制身份强化了产品市场竞争（行业竞争强度与企业市场势力）对企业水信息披露的影响。文章丰富了产品市场竞争与环境信息披露的研究文献,为市场竞争能否促进环保责任的履行提供了经验证据,并对相关政府部门引导企业正视水问题具有重要指导意义。     

我国汽车产业国际竞争力分析与研究

加入世贸给我国汽车产业带来了从来未有的机遇与挑战,运用显示比较优势指数,相对贸易竞争优势比较,贸易竞争指数和市场占有率等方面对我国汽车产业国际竞争力进行分析,对我国汽车产业国际竞争力进行系统分析评价,测度我国汽车产业国际竞争力水平,以求提升我国汽车产业国际竞争力。     

我国战略性新兴产业发展策略研究

当今世界正处在大发展、大变革、大调整时期,创新成为国家竞争力的核心要素。战略性新兴产业是一个国家或地区实现未来经济持续增长,并对国民经济发展和产业结构升级具有决定性促进和导向作用的产业。培育和发展战略性新兴产业是我国\"十二五\"期间有效应对国际金融危机,加快经济发展方式转变的战略抉择。以战略性新兴产业为引领、推动我国经济走创新驱动、内生增长的道路,是关系我国经济社会发展全局的重要命题。     

企业品牌国际化的思考

在企业品牌国际化的过程中实现品牌与目标市场的有效对接 ,确立品牌优势 ,实行有效的品牌渗透策略 ,综合企业竞争机制 ,提高企业品牌的国际竞争力 ,最后实现企业跨国经营的战略目标。     

The decline of the British tyre industry: An evaluation of the policies of the Tyre Industry Sector Working Party

The Labour Government of 1974–79 formulated the Industrial Strategy to transform Britain's industrial performance. Sector working parties were established to assist companies to become more efficient. The paper examines the policy response of the Tyre Industry Sector Working Party (SWP) to overcapacity and declining competitiveness in the British tyre industry. Policy solutions focused on implementing ‘efficiency dialogues’ to increase output and efficiency underpinned by job security. Discussions on strategic issues were constrained by the oligopolistic structure of the industry. This restricted the work of the SWP to communication and employee involvement. It confirms the difficulty of reforming the existing institutional arrangements to legitimise company-level interventions.     

Does corruption boost or harm firms’ performance in developing and emerging economies? A firm-level study

In the last decade, a growing number of studies have addressed the ongoing debate about whether corruption “sands” or “greases” the wheels of business at the firm level. This study revisits this debate and proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework to test whether corruption harms or boosts firm performance, as well as the extent to which this relationship is mediated by the countries’ institutional settings, the size and strategic behaviour of the firms, and market competition. Based on a sample of 21,250 firms located in 117 emerging and developing countries, and resorting to instrumental variable (IV) estimations, three main results were found: (a) regardless of the proxy used for corruption and firm performance, the former clearly harms the latter; (b) corruption “greases the wheels” of business for African firms but it “sands the wheels” for firms in Latin America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southern Asia; and (c) the negative impact of corruption on performance is mitigated for larger and exporting firms.     

提升浙江私营经济竞争力的政策导向

发展私营经济是一国经济发展中不可或缺的力量,在促进经济稳定增长,加速技术创新,提供就业,活跃市场,完善市场体系等方面发挥着主要作用。浙江省是私营经济较发达的省份,经过二十多年的发展,许多私营企业初具规模,但由于其发展中存在的弱点,削弱了竞争力,面对二十一世纪的新形势、新环境,要进一步提升整体竞争力,政府有必要对私营经济作进一步引导,制定更完善的政策,为私营企业保驾护航。     

新兴经济体跨国公司理论研究进展及演进趋势分析

跨国经营较成功的新兴经济体跨国公司具有对外直接投资区位范围广泛、不断向产业链高端延伸、在发达国家积极进行资产寻求型对外直接投资、政府在企业跨国经营中扮演重要角色等典型特征;其理论研究进展主要包括：基于制度视角的OLI范式拓展、基于资源观视角的LLL分析框架、基于企业成长视角的非平衡理论、整合多视角的Y模型等;理论研究的演进趋势主要表现为对现有理论的修正及整合、个案研究与系统研究的结合、经济学与管理学研究范式的融合、其它学科理论的借鉴等。     

零散产业视角下的我国餐饮企业竞争战略选择

与餐饮业的高速增长相比,我国餐饮企业管理水平的发展显得跟不上节奏,其中缺乏明确的竞争战略就是其重要体现。我国餐饮业处于一个特殊的产业结构中,具有明显的零散产业特征。为此造成我国餐饮行业零散的原因,制定可供我国餐饮企业选择的竞争战略策略。     

中小企业市场竞争策略的研究

中小企业在世界各国经济的发展中发挥着极其重要的作用。但由于资金、技术和能力所限以及行业的特殊性,中小企业在市场竞争中往往需要避开与大企业的正面交锋,以保全实力,赢得发展。因此,如何选择恰当的市场竞争策略,选择目标市场开展场竞争,已经成为中小企业实现可持续发展首要问题。