Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Economic Development of Agriculture. By E. HEADY AND OTHERS. Technological Change: its Conception and Measurement. By LESTER B. LAVE. Agrarian Conditions in Modern European History. Edited by CHARLES K. WARNER. Management Games for Teaching and Research. By E. M. BABB and L. M. EISGRUBER. Market Structure of the Agricultural Industries. Edited by JOHN R. MOORE and RICHARD G. WALSH. Getting Agriculture Moving: essentials for development and modernization. By ARTHUR T. MOSHER. Land and People in the Northern Plains Transition Area. By H. W. OTTOSON, E. M. BIRCH, P. A. HENDERSON and A. H. ANDERSON. Agricultural Trends in India, 1891–1947: Output Availability and Productivity. By GEORGE BLYN. Taxation of Agricultural Land in Andhra Pradesh. By C. H. H. RAO. The Revolution in Egypt's Economic System: From Private Enterprise to Socialism 1952–1965. Market Control and Planning in Communist China. By DWIGHT H. PERKINS. Biostatistics. By ALVIN E. LEWIS.     

The Chilean Agrarian Transformation: Agrarian Reform and Capitalist 'Partial' Counter-Agrarian Reform, 1964–1980

This article, which is published in two parts, is an empirical analysis of the Chilean agrarian reform (1964–1973) and 'partial' counter-agrarian reform (1974–1980). Its aim is to explain and interpret their logic and the changes they brought to Chile's agrarian property regime in particular and Chilean life in general. Chile's agrarian reform was successful in expropriating (under the Frei and Allende administrations, 1964–1973) the great estates of the hacienda landed property system. The capitalist 'partial' counter-reform then redistributed them (under the military, 1974–1980). CORA, the country's agency for agrarian reform, expropriated and subsequently redistributed 5809 estates of almost 10 million hectares, or 59 per cent of Chile's agricultural farmland. A large amount of the expropriated land (41 per cent) benefited 54,000 peasant households with small-sized family farms and house-sites. The rest of the farmland benefited efficient and competitive commercial farmers and agro-business and consolidated medium-sized farms. Of central concern is the role of the agrarian reform and subsequent 'partial' counter-reform processes in fostering the transformation of the erstwhile agrarian structure of the hacienda system toward agrarian capitalism. The redistribution of the agricultural land previously expropriated made possible the formation of an agro-industrial bourgeoisie, small commercial farmers, an open land market and a dynamic agricultural sector. While, however, under military rule, a selected few benefited with family farms and became independent agricultural producers, a large majority of reformed and non-reformed campesinos were torn from the land to become non-propertied proletarians in a rapidly modernizing but highly exclusionary agricultural sector.     

The Chilean Agrarian Transformation: Agrarian Reform and Capitalist 'Partial' Counter-Agrarian Reform, 1964–1980

This article, which is published in two parts, is an empirical analysis of the Chilean agrarian reform (1964–1973) and 'partial' counter-agrarian reform (1974–1980). Its aim is to explain and interpret their logic and the changes they brought to Chile's agrarian property regime in particular and Chilean life in general. Chile's agrarian reform was successful in expropriating (under the Frei and Allende administrations, 1964–1973) the great estates of the hacienda landed property system. The capitalist 'partial' counter-reform then redistributed it (under the military, 1974–1980). CORA, the country's agency for agrarian reform, expropriated and subsequently redistributed 5809 estates of almost 10 million hectares, or 59 per cent of Chile's agricultural farmland. A large amount of the expropriated land (41 per cent) benefited 54,000 peasant households with small-sized family farms and house-sites. The rest of the farmland benefited efficient and competitive commercial farmers and agro-business and consolidated medium-sized farms. Of central concern is the role of the agrarian reform and subsequent 'partial' counter-reform processes in fostering the transformation of the erstwhile agrarian structure of the hacienda system toward agrarian capitalism. The redistribution of the agricultural land previously expropriated made possible the formation of an agro-industrial bourgeoisie, small commercial farmers, an open land market and a dynamic agricultural sector. While, however, under military rule, a selected few benefited with family farms and became independent agricultural producers, a large majority of reformed and non-reformed campesinos were torn from the land to become non-propertied proletarians in a rapidly modernizing but highly exclusionary agricultural sector.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews
Neil Davidson, Discovering the Scottish Revolution 1692–1746 .
Benno Teschke, The Myth of 1648. Class, Politics and the Making of Modern International Relations .
Amanda Hammar, Zimbabwe's Unfinished Business: Rethinking Land, State and Nation in the Context of Crisis .
Yunxiang Yan, Private Life Under Socialism: Love, Intimacy and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999 .
A. E. Luloff and R. S. Krannich (eds), Persistence and Change in Rural Communities: A 50 Year Follow Up to Six Classic Studies .     

Books Reviewed

Books reviewed:
Brack, Duncan, Michael Grubb and Craig Windram, International Trade and Climate Change Policies
Challen, Ray, Institutions, Transaction Costs and Environmental Policy: Institutional Reform for Water Resources
Dragun, Andrew K. and Clem Tisdell, (eds.) Sustainable Agriculture and Environment: Globalisation and the Impact of Trade Liberalisation
Sen, Amartya, Development as Freedom
Grabowski, Richard, Pathways to Economic Development
Koutstaal, Paul, Economic Policy and Climate Change: Tradable Permits for Reducing Carbon Emissions     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Agricultural Policy in Britain. By E. F. NASH, late Professor of Agricultural Economics at University College of Wales. Edited by Gavin McCrone and E. A. Attwood The Economics of Agricultural Development. By JOHN W. MELLOR Methods for Land Economics Research. Edited by W. L. GIBSON, JR., R. J. HILDRETH, and GENE WUNDERLICH Agriculture: The Cost of Joining the Common Market. By T. K. WARLEY Agricultural Geography. By DR. LESLIE SYMONS Agricultural Insurance: Principles and Organisation and Application to Developing Countries. By P. K. RAY Food Marketing. By L. B. DARRAH Beet Sugar in the West. A History of the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, 1891–1966. By L. J. ARRINGTON Economic Development and Social Change in a South Gujarat Village. By V. H. JOSHI Economic Development: Issues and Policies. A Commemoration Volume presented to Dr. P. S. Lokanathan on his 72nd Birthday. Twenty-four contributors. Editors D. H. BUTANI and PRITAM SINGH Irish Agricultural Production-Its Volume and Structure. By RAYMOND D. CROTTY Agricultural Production and the Economic Development of Japan, 1873–1922 By JAMES I. NAKAMURA The Egyptian Agarian Reform 1952-62. By GABRIEL S. SAAB, R.I.I.A. Claus Spreckels: The Sugar King in Hawaii. By JACOB ADLER Agricultural Financing in India. By S. N. GHOSAL     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Agricultural Cooperatives in Transition Edited by Csaba Csaki and Yaov Kislev
Agriculture et Développement Economique au Québec J-P. Wampach
Agricultural Dimensions of Global Climate Change Edited by Harry M. Kaiser and Thomas E. Drennen
Microcomputer-based Input-output Modelling: Applications to Economic Development Edited by D. M. Otto and T. G. Johnson
Managing Food Security in Unregulated Markets Edited by Robert D. Reinsel
Economic Myths: Making Sense of Canadian Policy Issues Patrick Luciani     

The Chilean Agrarian Transformation: The Pre-Agrarian Reform Period (1955–1965)

Today Chilean agriculture has recovered from years of diminishing returns. The same arduous work carried out by a declining workforce has suddenly attained higher productivity and, therefore, achieved economic growth. This article suggests that Chile has undergone a series of fundamental changes in the last quarter of the twentieth century, which have intensified its capitalist development. It analyses the agrarian structure of the hacienda system during the period immediately before the agrarian reform, looking particularly at the transition to modern capitalism, agricultural growth and the land question. It argues that before the implementation of the agrarian reform, the country had not finished its transition to modern capitalism due to the persistence of the antiquated hacienda system. It further suggests that the land reform process – implemented and consolidated from 1964 to 1980 – permitted the culmination of the long-postponed transition to modern capitalism and gave rise to the ascendancy of an agro-industrial bourgeoisie and an export-oriented agriculture integrated into the world economy.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Canadian Policies for Rural Adjustment: A Study of The Economic Impact of ARDA, PFRA and MMRA: by H. Buckley and E. Tihanyi.
Report of the Royal Commission on Consumer Problems and inflation: by Mary J. Batten, Chairman.
Mathematical Economics: by Kelvin Lancaster, Collier Macmillan Ltd.
Economic Change and Agriculture: Edited by J. Ashton and S. J. Rogers.
Alternatives for Balancing World Food Production Needs: Iowa State University Center for Agricultural and Economic Development.     

Historical Materialism and Agrarian History

Theory as History: Essays on Modes of Production and Exploitation , by Jairus Banaji. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2010 . Historical Materialism Book Series Volume 25 . Pp. xix+406. €101 (hb). ISBN 978‐90‐04‐18368‐1 The collection provides an opportunity to assess Jairus Banaji's original and provocative contributions over more than three decades. This review tries to chart a path across the range of the essays as a whole, marked by three themes and their connections and possible disconnections: what constitutes modes of production; modes of production before capitalism and their histories; and characterizing and periodizing capitalism. Banaji's emphatic arguments for long histories/trajectories of commodity production, exchange and accumulation across different times and places, especially in estate agriculture and the circuits of merchant capital, traverse these three themes.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Transferring Food Production Technology to Developing Countries - Economic and Social Dimensions Edited by Joseph J. Molnar and Howard A. Clonts
The Agriculture-Forest Interface: An Interface, of Land Uae Change by Michael F. Fox and Sandra L. Macenko
The Flqht for Food Edited by Harold E. Croxall and Lionel P. Smith
On-Farm Agroromic Trials in Farming Systems Research and Extension by Peter E. Hildebrand and Federico Poey
Technical Change and Social Conflict in Agriculture: Latin American Perspectives Edited by Martin Pineiro and Eduardo Trigo     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Resource Allocation in Agridtural Research. Edited by WALTER L.FISHEL Agricultural Policy in Wealthy Countries. By P. G. JAMES Size, Structure, and Futwe of Farms. Edited by A. GORDON BALL and EARL 0. HEADY, L'Economic Agricole. By HENRI DE FARCI. Organization and Competition in the Mid-West Dairy Industries. By SHELDON W. WILLIAMS et. al. The Economics of Agriculture. By MARGARET CAPSTICK. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects. By J. PRICE GITTINGER. Regional Economic Policy. By F. J. B. STILWELL. Production Functions. By DAVID F. HEATHFIEL A History of the Co-operative Movement in Israel, Book 7 Consumers' Co-operation. By HARRY VITELES.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Technological Change and Distribution of Gains in Indian Agriculture by C. H. Hanumantha Rao
American Farm Policy, 1948–1973 by Willard W. Cochrane and Mary E. Ryan
The Joyless Economy by Tibor Scitovsky     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Economic Change and Agriculture. An Agricultural Adjustment Unit Symposium. Agriculture in the Australian Economy. Commons and Village Greens.–a study in land use, conservation and management based on a national survey of commons in England and Wales 1961–1966, financed by the Nuffield Foundation. Co-operation, Land Reform and Land Settlement–Report on a survey in Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Ghana, Nigeria and Iran. Glimpses of Co-operative Farming in India. Obstacles to Develooment. Agricultural Development and Economic Growth. Economic Aspects of Low Labour-Income Farming. Smallholder Farming and Smallholder Development in Tanzania. The Food Problem of Developing Countries. Linear Programming and Animal Nutrition.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty. Edited by Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey . The Effects of Tax Policy on American Agriculture. By Charles Dport , Michael Boehlje and David Martin . European Farming in Australia: An Economic History of Australian Farming. By Bruce R. Davidson . Australian Agriculture: Reconciling Change and Tradition. By Keith O. Campbell . India's Export Performance. By K. S. Dhindsa . Marxism and the Agrarian Question: volume 1, German Social Democracy and the Peasantry 1890–1907; volume 2, Russian Marxism and the Peasantry 1861–1930. By Athar Hussain and Keith Tribe From Peasant to Proletarian: Capitalist Development and Agrarian Transitions. By David Goodman and Michael Redclift . National Parks. Conservation or Cosmetics? By Ann and Malcolm Mac Ewen . The Economy of Rural Communities in the National Parks of England and Wales. By Tourism and Recreation Research Unit . Agriculture and the European Community. By John S. Marsh and Pamela J. Swanney . The Common Agricultural Policy: Prospects for Change. By Joan Pearce . Options for Farm Policy in the European Community. By T. E. Josling , Mark Langworthy and Scott Pearson . The Theory of Commodity Price Stabilisation: A Study in the Economics of Risk. By David Newbery and Joseph Stiglitz Food Policy. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Food and Agricultural Policy for the 1980s. Edited by D. Gale Johnson . Small Farmers' Development Programme. By S. M. Pandey and J. S. Sodhi . Rice in West Africa: Policy and Economics. By S. R. Pearson , J. D. Stryker and C. P. Humphreys . Grain Export Cartels. By Andrew Schmitz , Alex F. McCalla , Donald O. Mitchell and Colin A. Carter . Science and Technology Policy: Priorities of Governments. By C. A. Tisdell . Co-operatives and Development. Agricultural Politics in Ghana and Uganda. By Crawford Young , Neal Sherman and Tim Rose .     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
James C. McCann, Maize and Grace: Africa's Encounter with a New World Crop 1500–2000 .
T. Lang and M. Heasman, Food Wars: The Global Battle for Mouths, Minds and Markets .
Richard A. Walker, The Conquest of Bread: 150 Years of Agribusiness in California .
Paul Nugent, Africa Since Independence: A Comparative History .     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Christopher A. Conte, Highland Sanctuary: Environmental History in Tanzania's Usambara Mountains .
Alfredo Saad-Filho and Deborah Johnston (eds.), Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader .
Stephen J. Russell, Agriculture, Prosperity and Modernization of French Rural Communities, 1870–1914. Views from the Village .
David Mosse, Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice .
Kees Jansen and Sietze Vellema (eds), Agribusiness and Society: Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation .
Gareth Austin, Labour, Land and Capital in Ghana: From Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807–1956 .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Understanding Green Revolutions: Agrarian Change and Development Planning in South Asia. Edited by TIM-BAYLTSS-SMITH and SUDHTR WANMALIC Family, Servants and Vkitors: The Farm Household in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Devon. By MARY BOUQUET Food Economics. By ANNAB URGERA The Economics of Coffce. By J de GRAFF Agricultural Gco ra hy:A Social and Economic Analysis. By BRIAN W. ILBERY Countryside Conjlicrs: The Politics of Farming, Forestry and Conservation. By PHILIP LOWE Food Policy: Frameworks for Analysis and Action. Edited by CHARLES K. MANN and BARBARA HUDDLESTON Agricultural Change and Rural Poverty: Variations on a Theme by Dharm Narain. Edited by JOHN W. MELLOR and GUNVANT M. DESAI     

Book reviews

Books reviewed:
Colin Green, Handbook of Water Economics Principles and Practices
B. Davis, T. Reardon, K. Stamoulis & P. Winters (eds), Promoting farm non-farm linkages for rural development: case studies from Africa and Latin America
Jean Baptiste Lesourd and Steven Schilizzi, The Environment in Corporate Management: New Directions and Economic Insights
Christopher Essex and Ross McKitrick, Taken by Storm: The Troubled Science, Policy and Politics of Global Warming
Warwick J. McKibbin and Peter J. Wilcoxen, Climate Change Policy after Kyoto: Blueprint for a Realistic Approach     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Readings in the Economics of Agriculture, By KARL A. Fox and D. GALE JOHNSON The Theory of Protection. By W. M. CORDE Linear Economic Theory. By D. C. VANDERMEULEN. lhe Economics of Technological Change. By NATHAN ROSENBE Cost Benefit Analysis. By M. G. KENDALL Europe's Future Food and Agriculture, By A. M. M. MCFARQUH Food Grain Marketing in India. By UMA 3. LELE The Growth and Control of World Population. By W. D. BORRI The Soil Conservation Service. By D. HARPER SIMMS Farm Management Economics. By J. P. MAKEHA Behavioural Change in Agriculture: Concepts and Strategies for Znfluencing Transition. By J. PAUL LEAGANS and CHARLES P. LOOMIS