Verifying the state of financing constraints: Evidence from U.S. business credit contracts

Many policymakers are concerned that tight financing constraints for small businesses are stalling the recovery from the Great Recession. This paper empirically assesses two agency problems that induce such financing constraints—one resulting in a “firm balance sheet channel” and one resulting in a “bank balance sheet channel”. Evaluating specific models of these two agency problems against a comprehensive data set of U.S. small business credit contracts, I find strong support for the firm balance sheet channel but only weak support for the bank balance sheet channel. A complementary regression analysis confirms this result. Hence, policies seeking to improve firms’ balance sheets may be desirable to support small business lending in the recovery from the Great Recession.     

QUALITATIVE EASING IN SUPPORT OF A TUMBLING FINANCIAL SYSTEM: A LOOK AT THE EUROSYSTEM'S RECENT BALANCE SHEET POLICIES

Attention has recently been drawn to compositional changes in the Federal Reserve System's asset holdings and in particular the deterioration of the balance sheet of the Fed in the face of the current crisis. However, an analysis of the balance sheet policies of the Eurosystem is still missing. In this article we fill this gap by analysing the Eurosystem's balance sheet during the recent subprime crisis. The calculation of certain balance sheet ratios supports the assessment that a significant decrease in the quality of money has occurred.     

论中国国际收支双顺差成因及对策

目前中国国际收支正处于双顺差阶段,本文将分析双顺差的成因、利弊并提出相应的对策建议。在分析国际收支双顺差的原因时将从外商直接投资、居民高储蓄、国际投机资本这三个方面入手,并针对国际收支顺差给我国经济带来的一些不利影响提出解决对策。     

关于电子天平计量的检定分析

现代社会当中电子天平的使用越来越普遍,其工作原理是力的平衡原理,就是使电磁力等于物体的重力,从而能够称出重物的重量。电子天平的精准度比较高,所以大部分的实验室都会使用天子天平。但是再精准的称重仪器在使用一阶段以后精准度都会有所下降,所以人们十分关注如何保证电子天平的精准性,下面就对这一个问题进行一下探讨,以期达到保证电子天平精准性的目的。     

浅析平衡计分卡的“平衡”性

全面正确的理解平衡计分卡的“平衡”性是企业实施平衡计分卡成功的保证。平衡计分卡内容构成的四个角度从结构形式到包含内容都存在“平衡”性。本文中从内外部衡量、时间跨度、长短期目标、因果联系、定量衡量与定性衡量以及过程与目标管理等六个方面全方位的阐述了平衡计分卡存在的“平衡”性,有助于企业对“平衡”性的理解和平衡计分卡的正确实施。     

基于虚拟样机技术的摩托车发动机减振研究

摩托车行驶时的振动大小不仅影响摩托车的操作稳定性和行驶舒适性,而且严重时会影响驾驶者骑行的安全性。而引起摩托车振动的主要因素是发动机曲柄连杆机构往复运动产生的惯性力和惯性力矩,所以必须针对曲柄连杆设计相应的平衡机构,使发动机实现内部活塞往复运动时的动态平衡。根据某企业的摩托车两缸汽油发动机图纸,本文将虚拟样机技术应用于发动机减振设计过程,通过ADAMS/Engine建模并对其模型的动力学特性进行分析,依据仿真结果优化平衡机构的配置。     

生态平衡的哲学思考

维护生态平衡,保护自然环境关系到我们人类自身的生存和发展的根本利益。长期以来,人类以自我为中心,将自然界当作可以所以索取的宝库和任意排放的回收站,伴随着人口膨胀,生态平衡已经面临着严峻的挑战。本文对在人类错误自然观指导下导致的生态危机进行了分析,提出了一些关于维护生态平衡的思考和想法。     

Testing a new measure of work–life balance: a study of parent and non-parent employees from New Zealand

The present study extends the established theoretical lenses for understanding the work–family interface beyond conflict and enrichment, suggesting role balance as a theory for understanding how balance among roles can be beneficial for employees. The present study develops a measure of work–life balance and tests whether work–life balance is beneficial beyond conflict and enrichment for all employees. Two employee studies were conducted on (1) 609 parents and (2) 708 non-parents, and structural equation modeling confirmed that the balance dimension was distinct from other work–life dimensions and outcomes, and the analysis of multiple models showed that work–life balance plays a significant indirect mediation effect between conflict and enrichment toward outcomes. Overall, work–life balance was important and broadly identical for both samples with consistent effects toward job and life satisfaction, and psychological outcomes, with work–life conflict being detrimental, work–life enrichment beneficial and work–life balance providing additional benefits, especially toward life satisfaction. The findings provide greater generalizability and highlight the importance of balance for all employees, especially those typically excluded in the work–family literature such as single and childless employees.     

项目管理中的平衡决策研究

许多项目决策为多目标决策,涉及多种资源、多个行为主体以及受多种因素影响,大量的决策问题都表现为一种寻求各方均衡协调。本文研究了项目管理中需要进行平衡决策的一些情形,并论述了实现平衡决策的方法和应用平衡决策应当注意的问题。     

浅析电子天平原理及常见故障调修

电子天平主要以计量检测、传递量值、化验产品以及科学分析等内容,广泛地运用于教育、农业、工业、电子以及科研单位等行业,是一种不可缺少的物质称量仪器。本文就电子天平的工作原理进行了分析,并对其常见的故障进行了研究,讨论了调修方法,对电子天平后期的使用、检测以及维护保养有较大的帮助。     

Staying in touch while at work: Relationships between personal social media use at work and work-nonwork balance and creativity

Abstract

Personal social media use at work is usually deemed counterproductive work behaviour reducing employee productivity. However, we hypothesized that it may actually help employees to coordinate work and nonwork demands, which should in turn increase work-related creativity. We used ecological momentary assessment across one working day with up to ten hourly measurements on 337 white-collar workers to measure personal social media use, work-nonwork balance and creativity, resulting in a total of 2244 hourly measurements. Multilevel modelling revealed that personal social media use was associated with better work-nonwork balance, but with lower levels of creativity between- and within-persons. Work-nonwork balance did not mediate the relationship between personal social media use and creativity. More research is needed to understand why employees use social media at work for personal purposes and how this affects their well-being and job performance.     

热水采暖系统的水力平衡改造

以中航自控所住宅小区热水采暖系统的水力平衡改造为例,论述了由于设计、施工等原因造成的热力管网水力失调问题,介绍了静态平衡阀在解决管网水力失调时的操作方式、理论依据和效果。     

On the financial balance of input–output constructs: revisiting an axiomatic evaluation

Financial balance is fundamental to input–output (IO) analysis, and consequently the respect of this balance is one of the dominant criteria in evaluating IO constructs. Kop Jansen, and ten Raa [(1990) The Choice of Model in the Construction of Input–Output Coefficients Matrices. International Economic Review 31, 213] proved that the byproduct-technology construct (BTC) and the industry-technology construct (ITC) do not generally conserve financial balance. In contrast, Majeau-Bettez et al. [(2016) When do Allocations and Constructs Respect Material, Energy, Financial, and Production Balances in LCA and EEIO? Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, 67–84] demonstrated that the BTC necessarily respects financial balance and that the ITC is always financially balanced when applied to data recorded in monetary units. The present article resolves this paradox.     

纯电动汽车动态电平衡设计研究

论文着重研究纯电动汽车动态电平衡设计方面的问题,对整车电平衡概念予以界定,分析纯电动汽车动态电平衡设计中所存在的特点,对设计方法加以介绍,提出优化建议。     

我国商业银行表外业务发展面临的风险问题探究

随着我国资本市场的逐渐成熟,我国商业银行表外业务也蓬勃发展,呈现一片良好势头,但是,由于表外业务无法体现在银行的财务报表中,缺乏足够的信息透明度,因此表外业务成为了部分银行一定程度上规避监管的一种手段,这使得银行的管理层和监管机构都承担着较大的风险。文中主要通过分析当前一些表外业务在快速迅猛地发展过程中暴露出的问题,又结合与当前的会计准则进行研究,得出银行以及相关信息使用者和投资者应该注意的主要风险问题,并提出相应的一些风险应对措施,希望能给我国商业银行发展表外业务提供理论建议。     

浅析建设集团公司资金集中管理

文章从基本理论出发,简要地介绍了资金集中管理的成因、一般原则和条件,然后对5种资金管理模式进行比较研究。在此基础上,详细介绍了半紧密型结算中心的运作模式,并以中国建筑第五工程局结算中心为例介绍了企业业务流程及效果,为进一步推动结算中心的工作奠定了基础。     

基于动态平衡记分卡的绿色供应链研究

在研究绿色供应链时利用了平衡记分卡与系统动力学相结合的方法即动态平衡记分卡的方法。根据平衡记分卡的思想,对绿色供应链从财务、顾客、内部流程和学习与发展四个层面建立了一套绩效评价指标体系,并根据该指标体系建立了相应的系统动力学仿真模型。最后对员工培训与供应链内部流程、市场占有率及利润之间的关系利用模型进行了模拟。     

离子-电子法配平氧化还原反应式的简易方法

用离子-电子法配平氧化还原反应方程式时,无论在什么介质下反应,配平时先按酸性介质进行配平,然后再根据实际介质,采取在反应式两边添加一定数量OH-的方法进行转变。该方法化难为易,易于掌握,特别是对于在碱性和中性介质中进行复杂的氧化还原反应方程式的配平尤为简便快捷。     

浅析影响电子天平称量准确性的因素

随着我国电子技术发展脚步的不断加快,电子天平在社会诸多领域都有广泛应用。本文主要对影响电子天平称量准确性的因素进行分析,并在此基础上探讨如何消除误差,以此来为今后电子天平的应用提供一定的参考。     

Work–life balance: a longitudinal evaluation of a new measure across Australia and New Zealand workers

The work–life balance literature has recently identified the need for construct refinement. In response to these discussions, this research describes the development and validation of a concise measure of work–life balance, based on individuals' subjective perceptions of balance between their work and other aspects of their lives. The structure, reliability and validity of this unidimensional, four-item measure was confirmed in four independent heterogeneous samples of workers employed in Australia and New Zealand (N = 6983). Work–life balance was negatively associated with work demands, turnover intentions and psychological strain, and positively associated with both family and job satisfaction, confirming the research hypotheses. Evidence of these relationships over time was also demonstrated. This research confirms that this new measure of work–life balance demonstrates robust psychometric properties and predicts relevant criterion variables.