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Mark Klinedinst Charles Rock 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2009,8(6):14-25
An economic topology can have many uses to the academician, student and practitioner. Refining a topology of economic systems helps to bring together seemingly disparate characteristics and to point out potential long run trends. The progression of economic systems over time and also brief explanations of each system are given. We argue that most modem economic systems have some remnants of earlier forms, that is, most economies today are some mixture of what might be considered pure systems. Measurable characteristics to identify a particular system are developed that allows progress to or from a particular classification to be charted for individual countries. 相似文献
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Trevor Buck 《Journal of economic behavior & organization》1985,6(2):123-137
This paper draws together two areas of economic theory: Williamson's transactional analysis of the capitalist corporation, and the role of technology in comparative economic systems. It considers the M-form as an organizational innovation under capitalism, central planning and self-management, and comes to the conclusion that this new technology does not seem to have promoted the convergence of economic systems. Rather, the M-form's experience suggests that new technology has an impact consistent with Ambivalence theory, which sees new technologies as being adapted to suit the status quo. 相似文献
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Edward A Hewett 《Journal of Comparative Economics》1980,4(3):274-294
Econometric studies on the link between economic systems and economic outcomes have relied on two approaches. In the forecasting approach an estimated relationship for Western countries is used to generate hypothetical outcomes for Eastern countries, which are then compared to actual outcomes. In the dummy-variable approach a single relationship is estimated for Eastern and Western countries, using dummy variables to test for differences in Eastern and Western performance. The forecasting approach is shown as flawed; a more complete version of the dummy-variable approach is shown as far superior. A study of energy consumption in some Eastern and Western countries illustrates these approaches. 相似文献
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Günther Chaloupek 《Review of Political Economy》2013,25(4):430-440
In economics, ‘maturity’ essentially means that an economic system (or part of a system) is ripe to be transformed into something else or heading towards decline. In Josef Steindl's economic thinking the concept of maturity, by which he means a stage of development where the economy becomes unable to fully realize its output potential, occupies a central place. Whereas for Steindl the main causes of such maturity are endogenous, other economists such as Schumpeter, Sombart, Hilferding, Keynes, and Hansen consider stagnation to be caused primarily by exogenous factors. Various concepts and causes of maturity are compared. Contrary to expectations based on these concepts, economic development after the Great Depression has not been characterized by stagnation or transition to planned economy. Instead, the dynamics of innovation were strong enough to prevent the economy from becoming ‘mature’. It appears that the actual course of events can be better explained within Steindl's concept of maturity. 相似文献
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The purpose of this paper is to derive conditions for the optimality of a limit cycle in a dynamic economic system and to interpret them economically. A fairly general two-state continuous-time nonlinear optimal control problem is considered. It turns out that for this class of models three different economic mechanisms can be identified as the possible source of limit cycles. One relates to an intertemporal substitution effect expressed in terms of complementarity over time, the second one is a dominating cross effect between the state variables of the system (i.e., the capital stocks in our model), and the third one is positive growth at the equilibrium.We acknowledge the helpful comments by William A. Brock, Gerhard Sorger, Franz Wirl, and two anonymous referees. The research was partly supported by the Austrian Science Foundation under contract No. P6601. 相似文献
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This paper explores the significance of Potts’s (2000) claim that the key difference between orthodox and heterodox economics lies in the former viewing the economy as a mathematical field in which everything is connected to everything else, and the latter viewing it as a complex system in which only some elements are connected. It focuses on the types of connections in economic systems that different economists have identified and the significance of the degree of connectivity for how economic systems function. Topics explored include separable consumer networks, separable utility functions, checklist-based decision rules, lifestyles, goodwill, the nature of business strategies and evolution. 相似文献
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Mohammad Khakbazan Cliff Hamilton Alan Moulin Ken Belcher Ramona Mohr Karl Volkmar Dale Tomasiewicz 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2009,11(1):65-93
Crop rotation and other input management practices are of particular interest for their potential impacts on economic and
agro-environmental components of potato production. Although crop yield and experimental impacts of rotations of grains, oilseed
and legume crops have been published for several experimental studies in Canada there are few models related to the economic
and environmental dynamics of potato production. We describe a dynamic model which integrates environmental and economic processes
in potato production. The potato rotation model consists of interconnected modules of irrigation and precipitation, soil characteristics,
soil erosion, soil water, phosphorus, nitrogen, soil organic matter, farming operations, crop yield and the related calculation
of economic return. While not all aspects of crop production have been interlinked, including nitrogen carry-over, this model
is the first step in the analysis of experimental data for irrigated potato rotations conducted in southern Manitoba.
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George A Kondor 《Journal of Economic Theory》1981,25(3):466-470
A system of differential equations with nonnegativity conditions—a system of the type used to model price adjustment processes—is proved to be asymptotically locally stable if a subsystem without the nonnegativity conditions is asymptotically locally stable, provided a simple (mathematical) condition prevails. 相似文献
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Prof. C. L. Sandblom Ph.D. 《Empirical Economics》1979,4(4):281-291
In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing a quadratic welfare cost function constrained by a linear macro-econometric model. First we formulate the optimal control problem in a suitable form and specify the solution. Then we consider the sensitivity of the optimal control to changes in the targets and the weights of the welfare cost function. It is shown that the targets should not be selected without reference to the selection of the weights. Next, some simulation experiments, comparing open-loop versus closed-loop controls, are briefly reported on. The effects of changes in the lag structure are also mentioned. 相似文献
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David Conn 《Journal of Comparative Economics》1979,3(3):261-276
This paper addresses the problem of incentive compatibility in a centrally planned economy with a stochastic environment. A relatively decentralized planning procedure is analyzed in which the planner allocates certain scarce resources and enterprise managers make all other decisions. It is found that the New Soviet Incentive Model loses its desirable incentive properties when resource allocation is introduced. However, the traditional Soviet quota-bonus reward schemes can be modified to achieve incentive compatibility. The requisite modification consists in a specific formula for quota setting and in deletion of the lump-sum bonus for quota fulfillment. 相似文献
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This paper gives analytical results about the global properties of efficiently stabilized linear-quadratic systems. We prove that the process of computing optimal policies can be decomposed into a combinatorial process, any optimal policy being a linear combination of ‘extreme policies’ with remarkable weights. Very strong results are available when there is one instrument less than objectives, the ‘uncertainty frontier’ being then reduced to a hyperplane in the space of standard errors. It is proved furthermore that these results can be extended to dynamic stationary efficient stabilization. An illustration is given on the basis of a small macroeconometric model. 相似文献
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In this paper we present an extensive analysis of the responses of different economic systems to the quadrupling of the world price of crude oil since October 1973. The results of government energy policies are determined by comparing the actual responses to the energy crisis in each country with those that would have occurred given market-clearing actions on the part of suppliers and demanders. The analysis indicates that the responses to the energy crisis were affected less by the type of economic system than by the magnitude of domestic crude-oil productive capacity. 相似文献
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David Conn 《Journal of Comparative Economics》1978,2(4):355-381
This paper surveys the more abstract literature on the newly developing theory of economic systems. Works from both pure economic theory and comparative economics are discussed. The principal thesis is that, while these two literatures have developed rather independently, they share an amazingly similar framework. What is emerging is a full-fledged theory of economic systems. Emphasis is placed on the three component structures of economic systems—the information, decision-making, and incentive structures–and the normative evaluation of economic systems. J. Comp. Econ., Dec. 1978, 2(4), pp. 355–381. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: 024,053. 相似文献