新城转型中的土地利用与能耗变化——UrbanSim应用探索

以北京市的亦庄新城为例,采用基于微观模拟的大尺度城市模型UrbanSim作为分析工具,考察不同产业结构变化情景下,北京市经济技术开发区向亦庄新城转型过程中的土地利用和能源消耗变化的空间特征。模拟结果揭示了在不受政府调控干预的条件下,现有住房供应与需求存在结构性不匹配,导致模拟环境下,亦庄新城家庭的数量未达到规划目标,而且落地率(实际数量与规划数量之比)持续下降;同时,产业结构变动本身对新城的能耗水平会带来较大影响,服务经济转型有助于新城能耗下降。     

关于大中型工业企业库存物资分类的探讨

由于受传统计划经济的影响,在很长一段时期里,我国大中型工业企业的物资分类模式被深深地烙上了"计划"的印记。不能社会主义市场经济发展需要,创建科学的物资分类并使其顺应现代企业的管理,已经显得愈发重要了。     

关于地勘单位人力资源管理的思考

从计划经济走向市场经济,地勘单位的人力资源管理存在着一些现实的问题,文章在详细研究人力资源管理现状的基础上,提出地勘单位只有建立与市场经济相适应的开放型人力资源管理新模式,加大职工培训力度,实行量化考核,深化薪酬制度改革,打破平均主义,才能为地勘经济持续、快速发展提供人力资源保证。     

关于湖南省县域经济发展的思考

改革开放以来,湖南省县域经济取得了长足发展,在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。但在我国由计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨、由城乡分治的二元结构向城乡一体化的现代化结构转变的过程中,县域经济发展所面临的体制约束越来越成为阻碍县域经济健康发展的主要因素。为解决这一问题,我们必须全面推进民营企业发展,加快农业产业化、经济信息化、城乡一体化和环境优质化进程。从而不断开创县域经济建设事业的新局面。     

Enterprise level cluster innovation with policy design

ABSTRACT

An industrial cluster is an important link in the process of industrialization. The existing research is mainly based on the market economy. Our paper considers external policy design for cluster innovation based on the transition from planned economy to market economy in China. This paper finds some enterprises in the cluster are transferred from micro-enterprises to small ones, but does not find clustering from the small enterprise to middle or larger enterprise. Furthermore, our paper explained why such a cluster occurs by applying a semi-parametric counterfactual approach. The results indicate that building cluster zones as upgrading the enterprise structure policy and implementing VAT tax systems as the tax benefit policy has the most proponent role in industrial clustering, whereas increasing the loan/financing as the credit policy has a minor impact, which is not negligible either. Overall, this study explains why clusters shift to high output valued with a high interpretation of up to 97%. The contribution of this paper is not only to describe the time process of micro-to-small enterprise clustering but also to give the policy design how to achieve rapid micro-to-small enterprise clustering.     

Why is there a tendency to excess demand in consumer goods markets in planned economies?

In recent discussion of the transition from a planned to a market economy it has been suggested that the queuing costs associated with excess demand represent a deadweight welfare loss. A simple model of the planned economy is developed and used to explain why the planners might choose to permit some degree of excess demand in spite of this deadweight loss.     

对业余体校运动员选材面临的挑战与对策

随着中国社会的转型,业余体校从社会主义计划经济步入社会主义市场经济过程中受到了不小的冲击,业余体校招生难、训练规模萎缩,运动员出路难,已经成为一个普遍存在的现象",好的不来,来的不好",长此以往将影响奥运争光计划的贯彻实施。     

会计制度变迁的思考

20世纪90年代开始,西方的新制度经济学逐渐传入我国。也正值我国已经开始从计划经济向市场经济转变的经济体制改革之际,与之相适应,我国会计制度也进行了一系列重大改革。本文以新制度经济学关于制度变迁的理论为基础重新认识中国会计制度变迁的历程,指出中国会计制度供给的主体是政府,会计制度变迁具有强制性、渐进性、被动地适应性和强烈的路径依赖性等特征,探索研究会计制度未来的发展方向。     

Protestantism, Labor Force Participation, and Employment Across Countries

A bstract .   Using data from 80 countries, this article analyzes whether Protestant religion affects labor market outcomes. Controlling for the impact of labor market regulations, business regulations, the tax burden, the business cycle, the level of economic development, demographic and geographical conditions, wars, and the transition from planned to market economy as well as unobserved country and year effects, we find that countries in which the largest portion of the population practices Protestant religion have substantially higher labor force participation and employment rates, particularly among women. We obtain the same result for a subgroup of 19 industrial countries for which we have better data to control for the impact of labor market institutions and business cycle fluctuations.     

以科学发展观为指导 加快推进国有企业惩治和预防腐败体系建设

当前,随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和不断完善,我国政治、经济、文化等领域都发生了深刻变革,认真研究新形势下的新情况、新问题,积极寻求党风廉政建设和反腐败新途径,建立健全教育、制度监督并重的惩治和预防腐败体系,是社会主义市场经济条件下开展党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争提出的新要求,是加大从源头上防治腐败的根本举措。     

浅析现代物流管理的发展趋势与导向

随着我国社会主义现代化的发展与建设,社会主义市场经济体制的建立与实施,当今经济形势的日渐变化与纷繁复杂,世界朝经济一体化的趋势发展,且进程逐渐加快,当今世界科学技术的发展亦是突飞猛进。在这样的世界及国内经济状况下,物流管理产业在我国则逐步兴起,渐渐开始崭露头角,逐步成为我国国民经济中的一个新兴的产业部门,将会成为在本世纪里国民经济和重要产业的新的增长点。物流管理这项新兴产业将会在我国国民经济中占有广泛的发展空间,亦将会发挥其重要作用。     

The role of interest rates during the transition to a market economy

We construct a simple two period model of an economy in transition from being centrally planned to being market oriented. Using this model, we draw certain positive conclusions about economic policies that reduce distortions during the transition period. In particular, we focus on the role of interest rates, a market parameter that has previously been almost entirely ignored in planned economies. Using stylized data derived from Czechoslovakia, we show that increase in nominal interest rates can actually be welfare-improving by partially compensating for the distortions induced by the transition process.The model is sufficiently general to be applied to a number of transition economies, and we use the cases of Czechoslovakia, the USSR, and China as examples of some of the phenomena that we are trying to explain. We show that the model generates a constrained, suboptimal equilibrium. In particular, we see that raising interest rates during the transition period reduces repressed savings, brought about by shortages in the controlled market. An improvement in consumer utility can therefore be brought about.A large part of the work in this paper was carried out while I was a Visiting Scholar in the Research Department of the International Monetary Fund. I would like to thank Mario Blejer, Nadeem Ul-Haque, and Sweder Van Wijnbergen for helpful comments. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the opinions of the International Monetary Fund.     

关于现代企业价值观的思考

企业文化是以价值观为核心的,价值观是把所有员工联系到一起的精神纽带;价值观是企业生存、发展的内在动力;价值观是企业行为规范制度的基础。随着我国从计划经济向市场经济的转变,企业价值观发生了历史性变化。本文分析了企业价值观的主要功能,价值观体系应包含的内容。     

论思想政治教育在社会主义市场经济下的社会管理作用

社会主义市场经济条件下，思想政治教育工作是一项系统、复杂的工程。充分发挥思想政治教育工作优势，不仅可以为社会主义市场经济提供精神支撑，而且能够促进“三个文明”与和谐社会协调发展。同对，市场经济的发展、和谐社会的构建，又为推动思想政治教育工作提供了新的思维空间。     

加快发展现代产业新体系,迈向高质量发展新征程

党的十九届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》强调要“加快发展现代产业体系”。怎样加快发展现代产业体系成了我国当前及今后一个时期基本实现社会主义现代化目标的一项重要课题。本文从分析现代产业体系的概念形成及其内涵变迁出发,较为系统地梳理了我国构建和发展现代产业体系的实践历程,提出了我国“十四五”时期发展现代产业新体系的总体思路:强基础,搞好实体经济;扩领域,大力发展新经济;补短板,在关键领域关键环节发力;保安全,产业链供应链自主安全可控;重内需,构建“双循环”新发展格局;提效率,探寻高质量发展能力提升新途径。     

中国经济转型成本的测度:1978～2007年

作为大规模制度变迁的经济转型,在取得收益的同时也必然付出一定的成本。中国经济转型30年来取得了巨大的成就,但随着中国经济向后转型时期的迈进,原来被推迟、忽略、潜伏的矛盾日益显现,经济转型成本激升成为目前不得不关注和需要着力解决的重要命题。本文在界定了经济转型成本的内涵和分析维度的基础上,通过设计经济转型成本的测度指标体系,采用AHP统计技术方法测度了1978～2007年中国经济转型成本的综合指数。在此基础上,结合使用HP滤波法、Fisher最优分割法,以及指数平滑法分析了30年来经济转型成本的变动趋势及阶段性变化特征,并对未来经济转型成本做出了预测。     

超大型工程项目管理实证研究

三峡工程是在我国从计划向市场经济转变且即将加入WTO的特殊背景下建设的跨世纪的超大型水利工程,其项目管理具有很多独特之处。本文从项目管理目标、内容与任务、项目管理体制与机制、项目管理模式、项目管理团队精神、项目管理方法与手段、项目技术管理决策体系、项目物资设备管理、项目财务管理等方面对三峡工程项目管理特色进行了系统总结和专题研究。     

Privatization And Economic Restructuring in Poland: An Assessment of Transition Policies

A bstract . Poland was among the first of the Central European countries to attempt to transform its economy from a centrally planned socialist system to a market-oriented one. Although its International Monetary Fund-inspired "shock therapy" approach sought to transform the economy quickly, Poland's implementation of privatization of state enterprises , a keystone of the reform strategy, lags seriously behind other economic changes. Poland's experiments with privatization were derailed by economic, political, social and administrative problems. The lessons of experience from Poland's transitional period during the early 1990s are that the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises and the spread of entrepreneurial activity were far more important than privatization of state enterprises in moving Poland toward a market system.     

Politico-economic transition

Political and economic transitions of non-market economies often go hand in hand. We propose an economic theory of this transition process, which highlights how the success of such a transition depends upon the policies chosen in the new democratic environment. In this paper, economic success is characterized by the continual adoption of new technology (and economic growth), which requires costly human capital investment. The political choice is whether to allow the adoption of new technology. As a non-market economy begins its transition, agents with human capital specific to a particular technology find it in their interest to vote against continued innovation. As such, the transition to a market economy can be choked off. Our theory has the following features: (i) an economic transition is associated with a substantial drop in output; (ii) it is in the interest of large groups in the population to resist laissez–faire, as factor payments equal marginal products in the post–reform economy; (iii) although the joint move to democracy and a market economy does make people better off, it is insufficient for the transition to be successful, as the number of agents with a vested interest against continued innovation grows; and (iv) a temporary\/ restriction on voting rights which ensures a laissez-faire regime is sufficient to produce long-run\/ prosperity. This restriction may not be only one capable of overcoming the anti–innovation interests. Other mechanisms such as supermajority rules on policy changes may also guarantee laissez–faire.     

改革开放以来会计责任观念的传承与演进

会计责任问题是会计行为和会计职业发展中的一个核心问题。改革开放至今,随着中国从计划经济到市场经济的转型,会计责任观念在其历史传承的基础上也发生重大变迁。会计演进的轨迹表明,现代会计面向资本市场的职业发展进程,使得会计责任机制呈现多元化和社会化趋势,而如何解决转型当中所出现的责任不清和责任悖论问题,使得多种会计责任能够在当前"治理"的大背景中和谐共处,仍然是值得会计学界深思的难题。