基于分行业面板数据的服务业全要素生产率分析——以浙江省为例

文章利用面板单位根与协整分析技术构建面板数据模型,以浙江为例,对服务业分行业的全要素生产率进行估算,在此基础上分析了各行业全要素生产率的增长率及对产出的贡献率。研究结果表明,相比资本密集型行业,劳动密集型和知识密集型行业资本弹性系数小于劳动力弹性系数;相比生活型服务业,生产型服务业的全要素生产率的增长率较快,对产出的贡献率较高;服务业分行业的全要素生产率的增长率及对产出的贡献率呈现不断提高态势。     

资源错配与中国工业企业全要素生产率

运用2007年中国工业企业微观数据,采取Hsieh等的模型方法,实证分析了资源错配及其对企业全要素生产率(TFP)的影响。研究结果显示:国有、集体企业的资源错配较为严重,港澳台、外商企业则较低;中西部地区资源错配程度高于东部,中部高于西部;重工业企业资源错配高于轻工业。从企业TFP发展潜力来看,如果有效消除资本要素和劳动要素错配,全部工业企业的总量TFP可提高51%以上,其中国有和集体企业的总量TFP有望分别提高45%和18%以上。     

要素价格扭曲对服务业生产率的影响研究

本文以要素市场扭曲为出发点,依据1997-2014年我国23个省份的数据探究了要素市场扭曲对服务业生产率的影响。研究结果表明,在样本期间,要素市场扭曲对服务业全要素生产率的提升具有显著的抑制作用。大力推动要素市场改革,削弱要素扭曲程度,有利于我国服务业生产率的提高,增强服务业的竞争力。     

FDI流入、要素再配置效应与中国服务业生产率——基于分行业的经验研究

本文使用服务业分行业面板数据,对2004-2012年间中国服务业分行业的全要素生产率(TFP)、资本和劳动力要素的再配置效应进行测算和分析。发现服务业分行业全要素生产率整体呈上升趋势,但存在较大的行业异质性,且资本、劳动力要素的再配置贡献效应偏低。实证结果表明,服务业FDI通过资本要素再配置效应对中国服务业产生显著的正向生产率溢出;而劳动力要素在服务部门间配置的扭曲使得服务业FDI的劳动力再配置效应并不显著。此外,研发创新并没有推动服务业全要素生产率的增长,且人力资本也没有起到其应有的强化吸收能力作用。     

要素价格扭曲会阻碍出口产品质量升级吗——基于中国的经验证据

本文分别从理论与实证两个层面探讨了要素价格扭曲对产品质量的影响。在理论层面论证了劳动力、资本与中间品三要素的价格扭曲对产品质量的作用机理并提出理论假设,认为劳动力、资本与中间品对产品质量的影响机制存在差异性。在此基础上,以2000-2007年我国工业企业数据库与海关数据库的合并数据对理论假设进行了经验检验。研究发现:劳动力价格扭曲在短期会显著抑制产品质量升级,但在中长期,随着劳动力价格扭曲引致的经验累积效应、规模经济效应及研发效应的逐渐显现,这种抑制作用会减弱甚至会促进产品质量升级;资本价格扭曲对产品质量的影响取决于规模经济效应和要素错配效应的综合作用;中间品价格的正向扭曲会促进出口产品质量升级,而其负向扭曲对产品质量的影响取决于要素错配效应和规模经济效应的力量对比。     

广东高新技术产业全要素生产率的估算

本文以C-D函数为基础,并以广东省为例,估算出其高新技术产业资本的产出弹性系数α和劳动的产出弹性系数β,并进一步利用索洛增长方程对科技进步及其他要素对广东省高新技术产业的贡献份额进行了分析.分析的结果表明:资本对广东高新技术产业的作用有限,而科技进步的作用仍需进一步加强.     

我国全要素生产率测算项目组合比较与选择

以往测算全要素生产率的研究大多没有考虑劳动的异质性,且在资本存量核算等方面存在很大分歧.本文利用卡尔曼滤波,在比较各种处理对测算结果的影响后,发现是否采用剔除方式处理全社会固定资产投资,对结果的影响较大,但要素产出弹性对不同剔除方式以及劳动异质性并不敏感.结果还表明我国全要素生产率的增长中,来自技术进步、创新和要素优化配置等的贡献仍然很小.     

全要素生产率与中国经济的持续增长

文章采用1998年～2005年各省市自治区的面板数据,通过对中国经济的全要素生产率的分解,将中国的经济增长分解成要素投入的贡献、人力资本的贡献、技术进步的贡献和资源配置效率的改善。研究表明:我国总产出中资本投入的贡献率最大,达到了60%左右;全要素生产率的贡献较大,在总产出中的贡献达35%;劳动投入的贡献率很小,只有5%左右。而全要素生产率中,资源配置效率改善的贡献最大,技术进步的贡献较小,人力资本的作用不明显。因此,我国经济的可持续增长有赖于人力资本与技术进步在产出中作用的进一步提高。     

服务业分行业全要素生产率测算及分析 ——以淮安市为例

利用2010—2015年面板数据,采用基于SBM超效率分析的Malmquist方法,分析了淮安市服务业及14个分行业的全要素生产率增长特点.全要素生产率增长对淮安服务业产出增长具有比较显著的贡献,服务业全要素生产率增长源泉中,技术效率改善的"追赶效应"有限,而技术进步的"前沿移动效应"明显.服务业各行业增长的全要素生产率源泉存在明显的差异性.     

中国地区间研发资源错配测算与影响因素分析

随着中国的研发投入总量进入世界第一梯队,研发投入(资源)的配置状况成为决定研发产出效率的关键因素之一。本文基于一个包含研发资源价格扭曲的多部门竞争均衡模型,以2001—2016年各省份规模以上工业企业数据为样本,对中国地区间研发资源错配情况及其影响因素进行全面考察。研究发现:(1)各省份之间的研发劳动错配高于研发资本错配,多数省份倾向于过度配置研发资源,省份之间研发资源配置效率总体上呈逐步改善趋势,纠正错配可以使研发产出提升约16%;(2)东部各省份研发资源配置相对较为合理,但研发劳动配置略有不足,中部、西部和东北各省均存在不同程度的研发资源过度配置现象,东部和西部的研发资源配置效率一直在改善,东北和中部则没有表现出持续的改进态势;(3)市场发育程度、偏向性政策扶持、地区创新环境是研发资源错配的主要影响因素,在研发资源过度配置地区,这些因素的作用更为显著。本文的启示是,在当前全面实施创新驱动发展战略的大背景下,政府相关部门在积极引导全社会加大研发投入力度的同时,还应以市场为导向,进一步优化不同地区间的研发资源配置,实现研发效率的提升和经济的高质量发展。     

Trade and growth in the presence of distortions

Abstract

Tariffs and other policy distortions typically lower real national income relative to what it otherwise would have been for any given rate of factor accumulation. Even so, policy distortions may raise an economy's real measured growth rate and, somewhat deceivingly, give the impression that national welfare has benefited from things like tariff protection. This would be an incorrect conclusion. This paper discusses the issue of how policy distortions can affect the rate of growth for a small, open economy. For example, in the presence of exogenously given factor accumulation, a tariff can either raise or lower an economy's growth rate (measured by the change in the value of output at world prices), relative to the no-distortion growth rate. We also discuss the relevance of this result for tariff uniformity, ‘tariff jumping’ foreign direct investment, and the empirical literature on trade and growth. Finally, we use a numerical simulation model of Egypt to assess whether the costs of its tax distortions have increased or declined over time.     

欧盟反倾销新方法及应对策略探析--以辽宁紫光成功应诉欧盟热轧钢板桩反倾销案为例

按照《中国入世议定书》的规定,中国加入WTO15年期满后,即自2016年12月11日起,在对华反倾销调查中,世贸组织所有成员国停止使用"替代国"的做法。欧盟为了履行WTO义务,在2016年11月9日提出了修改反倾销和反补贴规则提案,该提案提出了以"市场严重扭曲"概念替代原立法中的"非市场经济地位"的反倾销新方法。2017年12月19日,欧盟公布了《反倾销基础条例》的一个修正案(第2017/2321号条例),删除了有关"非市场经济"国家的规定,确定了市场扭曲的概念,规定了反倾销的特殊计算方法。在存在严重扭曲的情况下,反倾销新规中计算正常价值的新方法使用未被扭曲的价格和成本来构造正常价值,而不使用出口国国内价格和成本,本质上是一种变相的"替代国"方法。本文借助辽宁紫光成功应诉欧盟热轧钢板桩反倾销案,深入探讨欧盟反倾销新方法,并提出相应的对策以促进中欧间经贸关系持续、健康地发展。     

International Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage: A Survey and a Proposal for Measurement

The concept of competitiveness, or competitive advantage, has been given numerous interpretations and tends to be ambiguous. Comparative advantage, although rigorously defined in the Ricardian trade model, is also subject to different interpretations when extended beyond the classical trade theory and, particularly, with respect to its measurement. The present paper first reviews the literature that deals with definitions and measurements of these concepts, distinguishing their main characteristics, such as macro vs. micro, static vs. dynamic, positive vs. normative, ex ante vs. ex post, as well as the different uses made of the proposed measures. Second, the paper proposes an integrated approach, in which it is demonstrated how competitiveness and comparative advantage are best related to each other and how they differ. The proposed measurement serves the purpose of quantifying the different sources of competitiveness. It is shown how it can be applied to guide policy makers in their evaluation of trade and industrial policies. The latter aspect is illustrated by reference to several applied studies using the method of analysis in the context of policy reforms in India, Mali, Kenya and Uganda.      

地方政府行为、要素价格相对扭曲 与中国FDI 区域分布

本文从中国分权式改革和要素市场改革滞后的事实特征出发,从理论上阐述了地方政府对要素市场的干预造成了要素价格相对于完全竞争市场时的负向扭曲,这种扭曲在招商引资竞赛中得到进一步强化,造成FDI在中国的区位分布不均匀。本文利用2004~2013年省际面板数据,测算了整体要素价格扭曲程度,并进一步检验了该假设,结果表明FDI倾向于流入要素价格负向扭曲程度严重的地区。因此,未来中国应注重理顺要素市场价格,进一步厘清市场和政府的边界,发挥市场机制在要素领域内的调节作用,让市场经济在资源配置中起基础性作用。     

From conventional to unconventional monetary policies: The failure of the market‐maker of last resort

This paper analyses the new role of market‐maker of last resort openly assumed by central banks since the 2008 financial crisis revealed the increasing impact of noninterest‐income activities on banks' balance sheets. A brief review of the distinction between conventional and unconventional monetary policies shows that the inflexion point from lender of last resort to market‐maker of last resort is given by the extension of central bank intervention to other markets than the bank reserves markets. Herein, it is explained how the market‐maker of last resort role is as counterproductive as its predecessor in putting the economy back on track. We show that the main problem of both conventional and unconventional monetary policies is that they distort price signals, particularly asset prices, in their attempt to reignite economic growth. Instead of correcting cyclical fluctuations, the policies of the market‐maker of last resort prevent the cyclical divergences between financial and goods sectors from readjusting.     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.