国家信用风险、主权信用评级与主权债务危机——结合反身性原理论证三者逻辑关系

本文运用反身性原理分析国家信用风险、主权信用评级与主权债务危机逻辑关系。评估国家信用风险需要主权信用评级,主权信用评级不能预测主权债务危机,现实是评级的突然下调常是债务危机的直接诱因,或是其滞后性导致危机的加强。     

试析欧洲主权债务危机

欧洲财政和债务问题历史上一直存在,此次由于受到国际金融危机给各国经济带来的破坏性影响,加速了欧洲国家的财政债务问题转变为主权债务危机。由于欧盟内部各国相互持有彼此的主权债券,一个国家的经济财政出现严重问题,必然会引起一系列的连锁反应。以希腊为典型代表的主权债务危机事件成为整个欧洲经济政策的焦点。穆迪投资者服务公司、标准普尔公司和惠誉国际信用评级公司,这三大信用评级公司纷纷下调希腊主权信用的评级,引起了人们对主权债务危机向欧洲其他国家蔓延的担忧。此后,爱尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利相继被调低了主权信用评级。随着越来越多的欧洲国家主权信用评级遭到了下调,欧洲国家的债务问题浮出水面,开始备受关注。     

欧元区主权债务危机分析

欧元区主权债务危机的爆发缘于欧元区分散的财政政策与统一的货币政策之间的二元矛盾;欧元区国家不可持续的社会经济结构模式;全球金融危机的冲击。欧元区主权债务危机从债权安全、国际贸易、汇率改革、人民币国际化等方面给我国带来挑战和机遇。欧洲主权债务危机对我国的总体影响是有限的,我国在近期也不可能出现主权债务危机,可以从欧元区主权债务危机中得到启示:加快经济结构优化调整;规范地方政府融资行为;谨慎开展区域货币一体化合作。     

略论欧元危机

实行统一货币给欧盟各国带来好处,但近El欧洲的主权债务危机开始进入人们视野。欧洲主权债务危机是国际金融危机的延续与深化。几乎涉及所有欧洲国家。其根源在于欧元区经济的内在缺陷、结构性矛盾等重要诱因,游资炒作则起着推波助澜作用,从而使欧元处于危机之中。本文提出了欧洲主权债务危机的前景及解决办法,同时认为欧洲债务危机为中国提供了第二次历史性机遇。     

欧元区主权债务危机或将全面深化

近期随着希腊长期主权信用评级降至全球最低水平,以及葡萄牙主权债务违约形势的骤然紧张,欧元区主权债务危机进一步升级。笔者认为,一旦欧元区主权债务违约风险影响面进一步扩大,欧元区的主权债务危机将全面深化。     

如何破解海外追账困局

刚刚过去的一年,全球货币危机、银行危机、市场危机、增长危机、债务危机等互相交织叠加,负面效应不断加深。受美欧主权债务共振影响,世界经济复苏的难度增强。如何分析新经济形势下的信用环境恶化,国际贸易中潜藏的收汇拖欠和坏账风险,增强海外贸易风险的把控能力,将成为中国外贸企业面临的待解难题。     

高度关注主权债务危机

次级债危机从本质上讲属于企业层面的债务危机,而主权债务危机是政府层面的债务危机。目前真正的危险在美国和日本。     

美欧债务危机的影响

这次的美欧债务危机是什么原因造成的？对我国有什么影响？如果美国违约,对谁最不利？ 你好。本次美欧债务危机并非新一轮危机的开始,而是2008年金融危机的延续。上次是政府用主权信用去置换金融机构的信用风险,使市场暂时得到稳定。但现在政府负债累累,刺激经济手段匮乏,增收减支又困难重重,最后引火烧身,政府自身信用陷入危机。此刻,对于经历了两轮量化宽松,财政面临绝路,政治上陷入竞选僵局的美国来讲,形势严峻程度可能并不逊于主权债务危机向核心国扩散的欧元区。     

从欧洲主权债务危机反观最优货币区理论的缺陷

随着欧洲主权债务危机的爆发,欧元区各国政府出现了不同程度的债务危机;欧债危机显示了欧元区机制设计的缺陷,进一步反映出欧元区的理论基础——最优货币区理论存在着缺陷;本文通过最优货币区理论的研究,结合欧洲主权债务危机的现状,分析最优货币区理论存在的不足,从而更好地指导欧元区的改革和发展。     

欧债危机对中国经济的影响及启示

2009年12月全球三大信用评级机构下调希腊主权债务评级,希腊主权债务危机爆发。2010年7月国际评级机构穆迪下调了葡萄牙的主权信用评级,欧债危机开始向欧元区其他国家蔓延。2011年3月穆迪下调了西班牙的主权信用评级,欧债危机开始从欧元区外围国家向核心国家进一步蔓延。2011年9月19日,标准普尔公司将欧元区第三大经济体意大利长期主权债务评级从A+降为A,前景展望为负面。作为欧元区第三和第四大经济体,意大利和西班牙在欧洲经济中的地位至关重要,债务违约对市场的冲击力度远非希腊等国可比。随着意大利及西班牙国债危机逼近,2011年11月28日穆迪称,欧洲的债务危机正在威胁全部欧洲主权国家的信贷情况,意味即使AAA评级的德国、法国、奥地利和荷兰都有危险。本文首先分析了欧债危机产生的原因,其次阐述了欧债危机对中国经济的影响,最后提出中国应从欧债危机中得到哪些启示。     

Brown＇s Blossom in Britain-China

The overall strategic relationship between U.K. and China is ＂better than ever＂, China- Britain relations have maintained good momentum, with increased high-level exchanges and the reinforcement of strategic mutual trust, with more room for growth in the future.     

Challenge and Opportunity Go Hand in Hand——What Global Economic Agitation Brings to the China's Economy?

Domino effects of the global finance agitation As the origin of the subprime crisis,US financial institutions lost USS45 billion last year,accounted for over half of the total US,EU & Japan loss.Since January 15th,Chtigroup released its financial statement of the 4th quarter,showing a net deficit of USS9.83 billion,which marked the hisoric high of its quarterly deficit.     

Sinosteel：Extraordinary Moves in Industry Chess

Among the Fortune 500 firms,more and more images from China emerge out.On the 2008 list,Sinosteel Corporation,a landmark group of China industries quietly squeezes into the candidate line.As the largest steel service ＆ trade enterprise,its sales reached at RMB 111.24 billion,with a year-on-year increase of 83.03 percent,and the profit grew by 180.03 percent.On the Sinosteel 2008 Work Meeting,the president Huang Tianwen uttered,＂In the coming year,we will work for US$20 billion sales,and look forward to getting a position in Fortune 500 firms for ourselves.＂     

Walk Through Unusual Five Years—— An Exhibitor＇s Canton Fair Course

When the 103rd Canton Fair is approaching, an old friend of Canton Fair, Li Ying from Jiangsu prov-ince recollected his past five years＇ experiences to the grand trade meeting. Each year is special, with some unforgettable memories colored by the year.     

Jean-Pierre Duprieu： Willing to Be A Legate of Sino-French Business

Estaing, former French president, Valery Giscard d＇Estaing attended Sino-French Economic Seminar held in Shanghai in early April and said that the world center has shifted from the west to the east with many European and US companies entering into Asia, and China has the ability to play an important role in the world stage. Estaing, naming himself＂French Confucian＂, then said in Chinese that a cook-group includes 10 people in ancient Chinese soldier system and the cook is in charge of cooking for them. And people who belong to the same cook are actually ＂Partners＂.     

China''''s Stock Market Wave

The annual meeting of the World Economy Forum was held in Davos,a little town in Switzerland,on January 23rd to the 27th this year,with the theme"the Power fo Collaborative Innovation",over 2500 celebrates from ture political and cconomic circles of more than 80 countries and challengred logether to talk about the future of the global economy in 2008,A Forum for the problems and challenges that face whole world,some of the keywords which drew attention during the event were:the U.S.subprime mortgage crisis,soaring energy prices,the economic slowdown in the U.S.ermerging economic bodies,authority funds and the general unpredictable nature of the global economy.     

Trade Promotion from Neighborhood

If you are considering to trade with companies in Japan or expanding your .business to Japan, we are ready to help from the very beginning.＂ You will find this greeting at the first sight on the Chinese website of Japan External Trade Organization （JETRO）. JETRO has committed itself in delivering highly efficient and quality services to meet the demand of internal and external customs including Japanese companies, hence winning a good reputation in the international trade arena. In recent years, with its priority in advancing business cooperation in South and East Asia, JETRO has made great achievement in promoting trade between China and Japan. Therefore, China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Mr. Yoichi Maine, Deputy Director General of JETRO BEIJING.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

China's Auto Industry Steps Forward

Last year,the volume of China's auto trade reached US$66.878 bil- lion,of which imports accounted for US$25.982 billion,a year-on- year increase of 24.45 percent;while ex- ports totaled US$40.896 billion,growing by 45.31 percent.The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM) predicts that the number of autos sold in 2008 will break the 1 million barrier for the first time in history,representing an increase of about 20 percent.     

Domino Effect on Electricity and Coal Prices

In the middle of last December, the key purchase contracts for coal used in power generation in 2008 were signed, reflecting a demand for more than 1.085 billion tons. It is important to note that the country＇s five biggest power producers, China Huaneng Group, China Guodian Corporation, China Power Investment Corporation, China Huadian Corporation and China Datang Corporation, had settled on the prices on their purchase contracts, and they are expected to consume 290 million tons of coal for generating electricity,