Explanations for Zambia's economic decline

Zambian growth failure is often related to the resource curse. This article evaluates not only this claim, but also whether the new institutional theory can account for Zambia's economic decline. Little empirical support is found for the terms of trade or volatility versions of the resource curse theory, and there is only slightly more support for relative price versions of the theory. Turning to the new institutional theory, the article quantifies the poor quality of institutions in Zambia using a measure for contract intensive money, and supports the hypothesis that ‘poor quality’ institutions, and especially the failure to protect property and contract rights, played an important role in Zambia's economic decline. Examples are given to support this claim.     

中国证券市场参与主体的博弈研究——个人投资者、机构投资者的博弈

本文用博弈论研究了中国的证券市场的参与主体——个人投资者和机构投资者的博弈。详细论证了个人投资者和机构投资者分别在完全信息条件下的静态博弈、不完全信息静态博弈和动态博弈以及机构投资者之间的博弈。最后对于各种模型进行了总结和针对各种情况提出了建议:我们应该大力发展机构投资者的同时,完善资本市场的制度建设,增加信息的透明度。     

经济增长互动机制研究——基于库恩范式理论视角

经济增长一直以来都是学术界和产业界研究和关注的焦点。基于托马斯·库恩的范式理论提出经济增长的本质是技术-经济范式的转变，技术-经济范式是由技术-金融范式、技术-制度范式以及金融-制度范式三个子范式组成，认为这三个子范式的相互作用促成了技术-经济范式的转变，并基于上述范式理论探讨了现代经济增长的互动机制，最后依据分析框架提出我国当前经济发展的建议。     

国有独资公司治理与股权多元化发展趋势探讨

国有独资公司治理是我国理论界、实务界关注的焦点,而股权结构是公司治理的基础。良好的公司治理能够提高国有独资公司的运营效率,同时也是国有企业改革、转变发展方式的重要制度安排。文章根据公司治理理论,针对我国国有独资公司治理的特征及其面临的挑战,提出了国有独资公司治理的股权多元化发展趋势及其整体上市的途径,为增强国有独资公司的价值创造能力、风险控制能力和制度创新能力提供些许建议。     

Capital Theory and the Process of Inter-Temporal Coordination: The Austrian Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth

Appreciation of the necessity of the inter-temporal coordination of heterogeneous capital goods is the chief contribution of Austrian economics to the theory of economic growth. Austrian theory illustrates why an institutional environment of freely formed prices predicated on private property is essential for economic growth. This leads Austrians to have a unique take on Solow growth theory, the financing gap model, national economic planning, and aggregative development measures.     

新制度经济学视角下的苏联经济史——对我国政治经济体制改革的启示

本文透过新制度经济学的视角对苏联经济史进行概要分析与研究,特别是运用诺思的制度变迁理论对斯大林模式的僵化导致苏联国民经济低绩效进行历史主义的分析论证,旨在揭示制度变迁与制度创新对经济绩效和经济增长的重要作用。同时,也从另一个角度证实了中国30年改革开放及一系列制度变迁对我国经济发展的积极推动作用。笔者希望通过对苏联经济发展史的制度性分析,能够对当前中国政治经济体制改革有所启示。在我国的改革与制度变迁的历程中,应发挥市场机制的积极作用和社会主义制度的优越性,在政治经济体制不断改革与创新的背景下,推动国民经济的持续、健康发展。     

经济学制度分析的源流、误识及其未来

文章的主旨是梳理当代经济学制度分析的思想史。通过文献考据文章主要论证了以下四个观点:第一,虽然凡勃伦的《有闲阶级论》通常被认为是第一部经济学制度研究著作,但是他的理论本身实际上是"反制度主义";第二,美国制度学派(旧制度经济学)内在的思想渊源之间的冲突决定了其无法建构起有效的理论体系;第三,"科斯定理"是一个被过度诠释的概念;第四,"交易成本"概念的形成是经济学内部不同研究领域之间相互影响的结果,并且正因为如此,才使得新制度经济学融入了主流理论。文章的结论是,应当抛弃以交易成本为中心的制度解释,转向"深描"的经济学制度分析。     

中国行政改革与经济发展之间的相互影响

改革开放初期,行政改革所带来的制度变迁有力地促进了中国经济的增长,但随着中国经济的增长,行政改革却举步维艰。近年来在行政改革滞后的情况下中国经济依然保持了高速的增长,经济增长与行政改革的滞后形成了强烈的落差。这种落差使得中国的行政改革滞后与经济增长之间形成了一种畸形的关系。行政改革滞后所带来的各种社会问题需要维持高速的经济增长来解决,而经济的增长则不断强化现有的制度安排,使得行政改革的阻力增大。打破行政改革滞后与经济增长之间的依赖关系迫切需要新的制度创新。     

地区制度发展的动态变化与企业对外直接投资:来自中国上市公司的经验证据

母国制度环境对于新兴经济体企业的国际化战略与行为具有重要影响。以往的文献多关注于制度发展的水平,而忽视了制度发展的动态特征,即基于制度理论和信号理论,文章探讨和分析了中国各地区制度发展的三个特征,即速度、节奏和同步性对于企业对外直接投资的作用机制,并利用2003~2014年中国上市公司的微观数据进行了检验。研究结果显示,制度发展的速度越慢、越不规律、越不同步,企业越倾向于进行对外直接投资,开展国际化经营。同时,业绩压力和模仿同构压力调节了制度变化特征与对外直接投资之间的关系,并存在双重强化效应。进一步的分析表明,在预期面临制度约束时,非国有企业进行对外投资的意愿更强,企业也更倾向于进入制度环境相对优良的国家和地区。文章的研究深化了对制度构成及其维度的理解,进一步丰富了制度理论和新兴经济体跨国公司理论,对加强中国的制度建设具有启示意义。     

企业成长研究脉络梳理与评介

目前关于企业成长问题的研究还没有一个完整而统一的方法与框架,不同领域的学者应用其特定领域的概念理论解释企业成长过程中的各种现实问题,导致企业成长理论呈现出五花八门的丛林现象。文章从传统经济学、新制度经济学以及基于资源、能力与知识的管理学和新经济社会学视角,总结出企业成长的现有研究成果,并对各学科的企业成长研究做了一定的评介,最后对进一步的研究提出展望。     

Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.     

COLONIALISM AND LONG‐RUN GROWTH IN AUSTRALIA: AN EXAMINATION OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN VICTORIA'S WATER SECTOR DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Institutional change in water rights in the nineteenth century Australian colony of Victoria raised institutional efficiency, which contributed to long‐run economic growth. High‐quality human capital and the extension of voting rights (franchise) were crucial for efficient institutional change in the water sector. Quality human capital (literacy) appeared to increase the rural population's awareness of the economic impact of the existing structure of water rights that may have constrained growth in the agricultural sector and reduced investment incentives. Extension of the franchise allowed the rural population to exert political pressure for enactment of change in water rights, which resulted in efficiency‐enhancing policies and efficient institutions. The findings show these two factors were more important than Victoria's British colonial heritage in determining whether growth‐enhancing institutional change took place.     

中国林业产权制度变迁的最优路径研究——诱致性变迁还是强制性变迁

文章在经典农户行为理论的基础上引入产权制度变量,对我国林业制度变迁的最优路径及其中短期影响因素进行了理论分析。结论证明,最优的林权制度变迁过程是强制性还是诱致性取决于林业自身的生产要素积累程度。长期来看,林业制度更倾向于多元化经营与家庭经营。可以证明,理论结论与我国林业产权制度变迁的历史过程是一致的,并得出了林业制度变迁理论结论对于我国的意义及若干启示。     

制度变迁对上海地区经济增长的实证分析

本文简要评述了经济增长理论和制度在经济增长中的作用。从90年代以来中国上海地区的各项经济数据出发,定量分析和估计了90年代后制度变迁对上海经济增长的作用。文章验证了制度变迁对于中国经济某一地区经济增长的具体贡献,指出了制度变迁对于改革和经济增长的重要作用。     

Productivity,Trade, and Institutional Quality: A Panel Analysis

Recognizing that gains historically attributed to trade capture instead the roles of institutions and geography, we estimate the relationship between labor productivity and trade for a panel of countries, 1980 to 2000. We use real and nominal openness as measures of trade. The endogeneity of trade and institutional quality is accounted for with instruments. Our trade instrument is based on a theoretically motivated gravity equation and uses a more comprehensive data set than in related studies. Fixed‐ and random‐effects and system‐GMM panel estimation methods address potential biases associated with cross‐section estimations. We find a robust relationship between real openness and labor productivity from the 1990s. Countries that trade more generate higher levels of productivity, supporting an institutional theory of growth. We find evidence that countries with low‐quality institutions benefit from openness to trade and that the positive effect of trade on labor productivity is lower for more populated countries.     

A Selective Review of Recent Developments in the Economic Growth Literature

The role of institutions in the process of economic growth and development has generated considerable interest among researchers over the past few decades. In particular, incorporating institutional variables into the established growth theories and empirics involves understanding the impact and mechanisms through which institutions affect growth. In surveying recent developments in the economic growth literature, this review pays attention to the resurgent institutionalist research trend and its implications for growth theory and empirical research on growth. Policy issues primarily focused on Asian Pacific developing countries are highlighted.     

A view from behavioral political economy on China's institutional change

A behavioral political economy framework is built on the basis of prospect theory to explain the induced and imposed institutional changes during China's market reform, giving special attention to the integrated effects of economic and political institutions. According to prospect theory, how rulers frame their decisions — in the prospects of gains or losses, influences how much risk they will take. China's market reform has been largely framed in the prospects of economic gains, for which the continuously growing private sector is the driving force. China's central government adopts a growth-oriented incremental reform that coincides with the prediction of prospect theory.     

诺思的制度变迁理论与我国科技企业孵化器的发展

运用新制度经济学的基本理论,特别是诺思的制度变迁理论从制度环境、制度变迁主体的力量对比和制度变迁主体的知识积累三个维度分析说明了我国科技企业孵化器演进的总体方向、具体轨迹和发展实绩。     

从制度经济学角度分析我国政府的权力寻租现象

本文首先以西方寻租理论为分析框架,分析了我国政府及行政领域存在的寻租现象,并通过对软政权的制度漏洞分析,提出了相应制度创新的政策,进一步提出要进行体制改革和制度创新,建立结构合理、配置科学、相互制约的权力运行机制,从制度上彻底根除权力寻租的产生。     

中国国有企业竞争力演化研究——一个制度经济学分析框架

文章运用制度经济学理论构建了分析框架,从动态的角度分析了制度变迁对企业竞争力演化的作用机理和实现路径.基于SPM(规模-方式-主体)的角度将中国国有企业制度变迁分为三个时期,按制度变迁的历程对国有工业企业竞争力水平进行了纵向综合评价,进而验证了文章的基本理论框架,指出经过长期的制度变迁,国有企业的整体竞争优势在曲折中得到持续增强,当前在制度边际效率递减规律的约束下,国有企业的制度变迁已步入攻坚阶段,尤其国有垄断企业的改革以及国有资本运营和监督管理体制等方面都已进入到严重的制度瓶颈期,需要进一步解放思想,探寻规律,在正确处理好政府、企业和市场三者关系的基础上,推动制度的持续、稳定的创新.