A NEW STAGE IN THE ACTIVITIES O F THE COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE IN THE FIELD O F INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF NATIONAL PRODUCT

This article reports on the plans of the member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in the area of the purchasing power parity comparisons of national product and similar aggregates. A series of comparisons of the U.S.S.R. with other individual member countries was made for 1959,1966, and 1973. A new series will be undertaken for the year 1978. The scope of the program will be expanded to cover several new aggregates, including productivity concepts and total consumption of the population. The article discusses the conceptual and methodological problems and plans. Among other matters, attention is being given to the possibility of reducing the number of specifications priced, without sacrificing accuracy.     

MEASUREMENT OF THE ROLE O F THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN THE FINNISH ECONOMY

Following the growth of the public sector traditional measures of the size of the public sector have appeared to be inadequate for policy purposes. In the article the role of the public sector in the Finnish economy is described first by using some traditional methods and indicators. The historical background of the development is briefly discussed. After that some specific problems of the measurement are discussed. These problems include measurement of output and productivity, definition of appropriate balance of the public sector, different measures to describe the size and scope of the public sector, role of tax reliefs and subsidies, different organizational arrangements, public sector regulation etc.
The growth of the public sector takes many different forms and it appears to be more difficult than formerly to obtain a comprehensive picture of the scope of the public sector. For different purposes different indicators have to be used. At the end of the paper the implications of the changing emphasis in the public policy are discussed.     

THE SECTORAL PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE O F JAPAN AND THE U.S., 1885–1990

This paper provides a disaggregated productivity comparison between Japan and the U.S. for the period 1885–1990. It combines two detailed productivity comparisons for 1939 and 1975 with time series to provide a long-term sectoral perspective. There is much diversity in the Japanese experience. The agricultural sector has shown relative stagnation since 1885. The service sector showed considerable growth before the Second World War and reached high productivity levels in the post-war period. Within services there is great diversity in productivity levels. Japan's manufacturing sector has shown the fastest catch-up and its productivity level is currently close to that of the U.S.     

REAL INCOME CHANGES O F HOUSEHOLDS IN THE NETHERLANDS, 1977–1983

This paper deals with the construction of statistics on real income changes of households in the Netherlands. Two different figures are computed, called the dynamic and the static figure. The dynamic figure reflects the change in real income as experienced by individuals. It is based on longitudinal data: two panels resulting from an exact match between three files from the Netherlands' IRS. The static figure reflects the change in real income of positions (e.g. of a 60-year old civil servant) instead of individuals. It is based on micro-simulation: changes in wages, taxes, etc. are simulated on a sample of individuals for whom socio-economic and demographic positions are assumed constant.
In the paper we discuss both figures and some other problems, e.g. the concept of real income and the price index. Furthermore we give results for the years 1977–1983 and discuss some differences between the dynamic and the static figure. The most notable result is the large variation in the dynamic figure, exhibiting a very substantial income mobility.     

THE VALUE O F NONMARKET HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION: OPPORTUNITY COST VERSUS MARKET COST ESTIMATES

This paper discusses the problem of valuing the time spent on household production and presents estimates of that production for the United States in 1960 and 1970. The estimates are derived by using both opportunity cost and market cost valuations of household time. A comparative analysis of these estimates concludes first that opportunity cost estimates exceeded market cost estimates by 1.0 to 3.0 percent of the GNP. Second, the ratio of household production to the GNP, although declining slightly between 1960 and 1970, may in the long run tend to be relatively stable. These conclusions do not support the popular views that over time household production will decline in relative magnitude, or that the opportunity cost method of valuing household time, relative to the market cost method, is significantly upward biased.     

FIFTY YEARS O F MEASUREMENT: A CAMBRIDGE VIEW

A Review of Ernst R. Berndt and Jack E. Triplett (eds.), Fifty Yeom of Economic Measurerement : The Jubilee of the Conference on Research in Income arid Wealth, Studies in Income and Wealth, Volume 54, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. 1990.     

3F冲击对中国通货膨胀的影响研究

本文选取全球通货膨胀率、国际能源价格、国际食品价格作为3F外部冲击的三个影响因素,应用扩展的菲利普斯曲线实证分析1981年至2011年的外部冲击因素与我国通胀率的长期关系,然后使用VAR模型对这些外部因素所产生的冲击效果做进一步探究。实证结果表明：短期内,全球通货膨胀率是导致国内价格水平上升的主要原因;随着时间的推移,国际能源价格与国际食品价格对于国内价格水平的影响力逐渐增强,且在中长期成为较为重要的影响因素。而通胀预期与产出缺口则是中长期影响物价的最主要因素。因此,为了抵御外部冲击对我国通货膨胀的影响,管理我国对于本国及全球通胀的预期、构建相应的价格缓冲机制、实施农产品进口渠道多元化战略等均是较为有效的手段。与此同时,也要防止经济过快增长,抑制由于投资需求带来的通货膨胀。     

海上F1

4月13至17日，来自全球13个国家的11支极限帆船队和44名顶级帆船运动员，出现在奥帆赛的比赛海域，角逐2011年极限帆船系列赛冠军。国际极限帆船系列赛创办于2007年，是与沃尔沃环球帆船赛、美洲杯帆船赛、世界帆船对抗巡回赛齐名的国际帆联四项特别赛事之一，     

看《泥鸽靶》,有置身华尔街投资银行的感觉

<正>刚刚看到《泥鸽靶》这本书的时候,就在猜测,“泥鸽靶”究竟是什么涵义,书的主要内容是什么,又为什么要以“泥鸽靶”作为题目。看过之后,我感到以“泥鸽靶”为题目,用以表达作者弗兰克·帕特诺伊最想表达的“中心思想”的确是非     

Problematik der Fülle

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

CEPA框架下“大珠三角”区域经济格局演变的动力模式研究

世界性的区域经济一体化的动力模式一般都是从市场要素动力模式向制度动力模式演变.CEPA的实施,为"大珠三角"区域经济格局的调整提供了制度机遇,为此,文章提出以区域合作制度为导向,以区域创新为核心,从制度、产业、技术和空间等方面构建新的动力模式框架,以促进"大珠三角"动力模式从分散的市场要素动力模式转向制度动力模式.