比较法视野下商标侵权行为的救济及例外

以混淆作为商标侵权的评判标准,在商标法中具有至关重要的意义。民事救济是商标侵权的主要救济形式,行政救济着眼于维护正常的商标使用秩序,对于严重的商标侵权行为予以刑事制裁则是国际知识产权保护的一个显著特点。在强调对商标权保护的同时,也应注意不能超越合理的权利范围。     

知识产权壁垒的特征、形式及影响分析

知识产权壁垒是目前常见的国际贸易壁垒之一。相较于其他贸易壁垒,知识产权壁垒具有实施主体多元性、作用目标广泛性、打击对象立体性、救济手段困难性的特征,其表现形式也多种多样。文章在分析知识产权壁垒基本问题的基础上,还就知识产权壁垒对国际贸易的影响进行了分析,并提出了对策和建议。     

我国农业知识产权保护制度的问题及原因分析

通过中美农业知识产权保护制度比较研究,中国在农业知识产权保护方面存在的问题主要有:农业知识产权保护的法律体系不完善;农业知识产权保护的管理机制不健全;农业知识产权保护执法力度不够;农业知识产权侵权救济体制不完善.而造成这些问题的原因也体现在诸多方面,如有经济、制度、意识和环境等方面的原因,农业知识产权保护制度的完善并非一朝一夕的事情.     

面对美国337调查

337调查是继美国频繁实施反倾销调查和特别保障措施之后,实施的以知识产权为主要内容的非关税壁垒。近年来,美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)对我国企业频频发起337调查,我市也有一些企业涉案,对我产品出口美国市场带来影响。美国337调查的特点337调查得名于1930年美国《关税法》第337节。337条款最初是被设计为进口救济的兜底条款,将除倾销、补贴外的所有不公平贸易实践包括在内。但     

论商事仲裁在知识产权纠纷运用的可行性

在当今国际社会，对于跨国知识产权纠纷解决的主要方式是诉讼。但随着知识产权日益国际化、多样化，诉讼解决方式已不能满足国际知识产权发展的需要，各国都纷纷要求建立更加公平有效的纠纷解决机制以便弥补公权力的救济不足。本文从跨国知识产权的可仲裁性进出发，进而分析国际商事仲裁模式在知识产权中的应用问题。     

美国知识产权保护和反倾销的启示

一、基本情况 美国是实施知识产权制度最为成功的国家，多年来，美国利用其长期积累的科技成果、完善的知识产权保护法律体系、严格的保护和救济程序，不断巩固和加强知识产权优势，使其知识产权制度在保持美国全球经济的霸主地位中，发挥了重要作用。     

中美贸易摩擦将渐成常态？

根据商务部统计,去年前10个月我国已遭受贸易救济调查99起,共涉及116亿美元：而在以往,每年我国受到的贸易救济调查最多也只有40起左右。此外,今年年初时全球正在调查而未实施贸易制裁的134项救济措施中,也有77项涉及到我国,我国在应对贸易摩擦和维护贸易安全方面面临着前所未有的严峻形势。     

海外并购中的知识产权尽职调查

中国企业的境外投资,一部分是为了寻求国外的先进技术,为此,在并购中的知识产权尽职调查显得尤为重要.知识产权尽职调查是指在对任何知识产权资产进行投资之前,对该知识产权资产的状况所进行的调查和确认的一种法律活动.知识产权包括相关公司的专利、商标、版权、许可以及业务和专有技术. 苹果-唯冠案证明"知识产权尽职调查"重要性 知识产权尽职调查的重要性在苹果公司和深圳唯冠公司关于iPAD商标争议一案中体现得淋漓尽致.苹果公司本以为之前由其在英国的壳公司从唯冠国际手中以3.5万英磅获得了iPAD的全球商标权.     

海外并购中的知识产权尽职调查

知识产权尽职调查的重要性在苹果公司和深圳唯冠公司关于iPAD商标争议一案中体现得淋漓尽致。对于许多交易而言,知识产权事项具有至关重要的作用。尤其是当涉及全球性尽职调查以及涉及众多纷繁复杂的知识产权法律时,疏于细致的进行尽职调查可能给收购公司造成巨大损失。中国企业的境外投资,一部分是为了寻求国外的先进技术,为此,在并购中的知识产权尽职调查显得尤为重     

刍议并购中的知识产权尽职调查

并购常常伴随着目标方知识产权的范围、有效性和可行性等不确定的风险,知识产权尽职调查是以知识产权为导向的并购的关键组成部分,通过知识产权尽职调查彻查目标方知识产权资产是否存在、知识产权资产所有权归属、知识产权资产的多少、评估目标方知识产权强度、分析目标方知识产权战略有效性等,使并购得以顺利进行。     

ITC voting behavior on sunset reviews

This paper is the first attempt to analyze ITC Commissioner voting behavior on sunset reviews of antidumping cases. Sunset determinations entail greater complexity than initial antidumping investigations because ITC commissioners must account for the impact of dumping protection as well as competitive forces on industry conditions. Empirical findings indicate that ITC voting is based on both sunset regulation and nonstatutory factors. Results reveal apparent biases against Chinese competitors and poorer nations generally, and favorable treatment toward U.S. steel producers and high-wage industries. There is also evidence of preferential treatment of industries located in states of Senate oversight committee members. JEL no. F13     

ITC voting behavior on sunset reviews

This paper is the first attempt to analyze ITC Commissioner voting behavior on sunset reviews of antidumping cases. Sunset determinations entail greater complexity than initial antidumping investigations because ITC commissioners must account for the impact of dumping protection as well as competitive forces on industry conditions. Empirical findings indicate that ITC voting is based on both sunset regulation and nonstatutory factors. Results reveal apparent biases against Chinese competitors and poorer nations generally, and favorable treatment toward U.S. steel producers and high-wage industries. There is also evidence of preferential treatment of industries located in states of Senate oversight committee members. JEL no. F13     

An Econometric Analysis of U.S. Antidumping Sunset Review Decisions

This paper is the first comprehensive analysis of the U.S. antidumping sunset review process required under WTO commitments. The econometric models study determinants of decisions by three U.S. actors: the petitioning industry, the Department of Commerce (DOC), and the International Trade Commission (ITC). Domestic industries facing potential vigorous competition seem to use sunset reviews to maintain current high domestic profits. U.S. governmental institutions use criteria broadly consistent with their legal obligations. Exports involving Chinese firms may face negative bias in the ITC process. JEL no. F1, F13     

知名服务特有名称认定与知识产权侵权损害赔偿要件探讨

在知识产权研究领域中关于知名商品的特有名称司法认定和知识产权侵权案件中的损害赔偿问题始终争论不一,本文首先对知名商品的特有名称做出了司法认定,提出了对知名服务特有名称的认定标准。最后分析了知识产权侵权案件中的损害赔偿构成要件问题。     

山西省新材料企业的知识产权管理建议

经济与科技的创新发展为新材料产业带来了良好的发展机遇,愈来愈多的研究创新也出现在新材料产业发展过程中,其知识产权也成为侵权的风险高发区。鉴于此,以山西省内新材料企业为例,对其专利情况进行统计对比,分析研究新材料行业目前的知识产权现状及风险点,并就企业如何加强新材料产业领域中的知识产权管理和保护、应对或规避潜在的知识产权风险提出对策建议。     

美国财产税制度变革及其启示

本文在考察美国财产税收制度的发展和变革历程时发现,建立在杰弗逊式的民主、自由、平等思想基础和财政联邦主义结构上的美国财产税税收制度一直倍受争议。通过对当前美国财产税税收制度的特点、对地方政府的作用、现存的问题及其变革历程和趋势的分析,可以帮助我们更清晰地认识财产税的本质属性,为我国物业税的开征提供有益的经验和启示。     

试论知识产权侵权损害之惩罚性赔偿原则

知识产权客体的无形性以及其本身所蕴藏的巨大经济价值,它能给权利人带来巨大的经济利益,使其极易成为不法竞争者侵害的对象。随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,侵害他人的知识产权将成为不法竞争者谋取非法经济利益的主要手段,为了保护权利人,惩治侵权人,维护公平竞争的市场秩序,知识产权侵权损害赔偿法律制度应运而生,其中,侵权损害的赔偿原则问题是整个法律制度的核心问题,它直接关系到对权利人的保护力度。而知识产权侵权损害赔偿采用惩罚性赔偿原则大有必要。笔者在本文中仅就知识产权侵权损害的惩罚性赔偿原则加以论述。     

United States-China two-way direct investment: Opportunities and challenges

There is surprisingly little cross investment between the U.S. and China, the two largest economies in the world. Only 1.5% of the stock of U.S. direct investment abroad was in China at end-2015. The stock of Chinese direct investment in the U.S. is also lower than would be expected given that the U.S. is the world’s largest recipient of FDI. In recent years, however, the flow of direct investment from China to the U.S. has accelerated rapidly, and if current trends persist within a short time there will be a larger stock of Chinese investment in the U.S. than of U.S. investment in China. The small amount of U.S. investment in China can be traced to two primary factors: first, poor protection of property rights, including intellectual property rights (IPR), which limits the potential benefits that U.S. firms can receive from their technology and brands; and China’s restrictions on direct investment in many sectors important to U.S. firms. Among G-20 countries, China is the most restrictive in terms of openness to direct investment. The relatively small amount of Chinese investment in the U.S. can also be traced to two factors: first, much of the initial impetus for Chinese firms to go out was to secure natural resources, while the U.S. is not a resource-rich country relative to its GDP or population; and second, the national security reviews of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. have soured many Chinese investors on the U.S. market. The two countries have agreed to negotiate a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). This could open the doors to large amounts of investment in both directions if it addresses key issues. For U.S. firms, access to more sectors and better protection of IPR are crucial. Chinese firms seek a less politicized environment in which to invest. In its Third Plenum decision of 2013 the Communist Party leadership indicated its intention to open more sectors to foreign investment and competition. A BIT could help lock in these necessary reforms.     

An analysis of ITC decisions in antidumping,countervailing duty and safeguard cases

An Analysis of ITC Decisions in Antidumping, Countervailing Duty and Safeguard Cases. — This paper investigates the economic factors that best explain the decisions of the International Trade Commission in administering the injury provisions of U.S. antidumping, countervailing duty, and safeguard laws during the 1980s. Utilizing the economic data collected by the Commission for each investigation, it attempts to ascertain through regression analysis how strictly the commissioners have been interpreting these laws in recent years in terms of the economic conditions required for finding that an industry has been injured and for establishing a casual relationship between imports and this injury.     

The effect of intellectual property rights on international trade and investment

The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on International Trade and Investment. — The widespread debate regarding extended recognition of intellectual property rights across borders has not been matched by empirical investigation regarding the effect of such international recognition of intellectual property as exists in the status quo. In this paper, the effects of membership in intellectual property treaties is investigated in the context of U.S. exports, foreign affiliate sales, and flows of royalties and license fees. Membership in intellectual property treaties increases the flows of payments and receipts for intellectual property as long as domestic patent protection is sufficiently strong. U.S. parents export more to subsidiaries in countries which do not adhere to such treaties, but their impact on arms’-length exports and foreign investment is minimal.