农村中年居民养老观念对养老方式影响因素研究

在我国老年人口抚养比增大、老年人口呈现高龄化和空巢化背景下,伴随着农村家庭结构核心化与传统的家庭养老功能的弱化,我国农村中年农民的养老观念已经发生了变化,并随之对养老方式产生影响。采用有序Logistic回归模型实证发现,在保留对子女的依赖性的同时,农村中年居民的养老独立意识显著增强并具有一定的社会参与和社会支持意识;持有不同养老观念的农村中年居民对其未来养老方式的选择意愿不同,农村居民的养老独立性越高、社会参与和社会支持的意识越强,对社会化养老的认同感越强。     

家庭结构变迁背景下农村养老方式的转型

在社会转型期,传统家庭养老发生了"在家养老"与"子女养老"的分离,家庭结构变化是其主要原因。对家庭结构的两个维度的分析表明,家庭结构变化在弱化家庭养老的同时也起到了一定的促进作用,但要解决农村养老问题,需要在支持家庭的同时,对传统养老方式进行调整,逐步实现农村养老资源的社会供给。     

泛北部湾中国区域农村居民养老方式选择的影响因素分析——以广西全州、荔浦两县为例

本文以抽样调查数据为基础,对泛北部湾中国区域农村居民养老方式选择的影响因素进行了分析研究。研究发现,该区域农村居民"靠子女养老"的主观期望逐渐变弱,家庭收入、政府的信任度分别是农村居民选择家庭养老和社会养老的主要影响因素。研究的结论有助于在区域经济一体化背景下,为推进和改善泛北部湾中国区域农村劳动力的养老保险工作提供参考和依据,推动中国劳动力流向东盟国家,进一步促进泛北部湾次区域合作。     

辽宁省农村养老保障亟待解决的问题与对策

本文在对18个村庄（参照各地不同经济发展水平选取）的社会保障情况进行全面调研的基础上,利用详实的第一手资料,对辽宁省目前的农村养老保障现状进行了分析。家庭养老仍然是目前农村养老保障的主要形式,农村养老负担沉重、家庭养老功能逐渐削弱、土地养老保障功能日益弱化和农民对农村养老满意度低等是当前存在的主要问题。建立家庭养老与社会养老相结合,政府有所作为的养老保障模式,是未来发展的合理模式。     

回族移民家庭代际交换模式及影响因素分析

代际交换是家庭不同代际成员之间"投资—回馈"式的资源交换关系,其核心是家庭养老。改革开放以来,中国社会经历了一个快速的人口结构转型,这对传统的家庭养老模式提出了挑战。本文以作者在宁夏银川市进行的"移民家庭代际关系"抽样调查数据为基础,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析,考察了回族移民家庭的代际交换模式,探讨了回族移民的社会人口特征和身体健康状况对代际交换模式的影响。结果表明,对回族移民而言,年龄对父母和子女之间的代际交换模式有显著影响,年轻一代从代际交换中获取的更多。     

我国社区养老模式的困境和出路

<正>社区养老的必要性1.传统的家庭养老方式受到挑战目前,我国广泛研究的养老模式主要有家庭养老和社会养老。家庭养老以代际养老的形式在我国有着悠久的历史,根基深厚。但随着社会的发展以及农村经济体制的改革,这一传统模式受     

代际家务支持对家庭二胎生育状况的影响

利用CFPS2016的横截面数据,分析了老年父母提供家务支持对子女家庭二胎生育状况的影响。研究结果表明：首先,老年父母帮忙料理家务会显著提高子女家庭二胎的生育率4.9%,进行工具变量再检验系数增加至7%,且具有稳健性。其次,老年父母提供代际家务支持对儿子家庭二胎生育的影响大于女儿。最后,农村家庭的代际家务支持对子女生育二胎的影响大于城市家庭的影响。从代际家务支持影响子女家庭二胎生育状况的角度,验证了老年人的家庭价值,也从侧面说明老年人提供的代际支持是提高生育率的有效途径。     

我国农村家庭养老存在的意义及前景探析

家庭养老在我国有着悠久的历史，随着社会工业化程度的提高，虽然家庭养老的功能有所弱化，但它依然是农村养老的主要方式和现实选择，长期内不但不会被取代，而且还会因人口老龄化的到来、农村老年人口的增加，在农村工业化进程表现出新的生命力。农村家庭养老的传承与发展可从法律保护、政府支持、宗族监督、文化约束等方面加以引导。     

中国农村家庭养老的前景分析

目前,中国农村仍以家庭养老为主,而随着经济的不断发展,家庭养老必然呈弱化趋势。但家庭养老弱化主要体现于老年人对子女的经济依赖性降低,而生活照料和精神慰藉仍由家庭承担,且并非所有的所谓的“老年人”都需要家庭的特别照顾。家庭养老功能的充分有效发挥,有赖于老年人对子女的各方面依赖性的降低以及子女善待、赡养老人责任心的增强。     

农村中青年养老方式影响因素的多项式Logistic回归分析

农村养老是社会养老保障的重中之重,日益受到政府的关注。但是,许多研究多从农村老年人养老现状入手进行描述分析,我们认为,社会发展对农村老年人的养老观念、养老方式等影响明显,但是老年人的养老是在与子女互动中体现的,不可避免地会对年轻的子女产生影响。本研究通过问卷调查,利用logistic模型来研究中青年农民养老选择方式的决定因素。研究显示,性别、年龄、文化程度、享有医疗保险、与父母同住、得到父母支助等是影响农村中青年人养老方式选择的主要因素。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.