Household labour supply in Britain and Denmark: some interpretations using a model of Pareto Optimal behaviour

This paper analyses the labour supply behaviour of households in Denmark and Britain. It employs models in which the preferences of individuals within the household are explicitly represented. The households are then assumed to decide on their labour supply in a Pareto Optimal fashion. Describing the structure of the household decision in this way allows preliminary results to be obtained on the internal weighting of utilities within the household.     

中国工业部门的能源效率与减排潜力分析

基于全要素能源效率框架,本文通过引入方向性距离函数和数据包络分析,测算了中国工业部门2000-2009年的能源效率和CO2减排潜力。实证结果表明,以既定最优生产前沿为参考,中国工业部门的总体能源效率偏低,减排潜力较大;各行业能源效率与减排潜力存在较大差异;不同行业能源效率与减排潜力呈现差异性动态变化。本文认为政府可以通过实施差异性碳税政策、灵活利用碳市场机制、强化节能技术研发和促进可再生能源利用以及加强企业环境执法监管等举措来推动中国工业部门提高能源效率及减少CO2排放。     

Has regulatory reform had any impact on bank efficiency in Indonesia? A two-stage analysis

More than a decade following the severe economic crisis 1997, Indonesia has undergone major regulatory changes in its banking industry. This article examines the impact of these regulatory changes on the relative technical efficiency (TE) of the Indonesian banking industry employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) and censored Tobit regression model. Additionally, the bootstrap approach of Simar and Wilson is employed to provide statistical properties to the DEA efficiency score. The findings show that the industry on average is inefficient over the period of analysis. Also, state-owned and foreign-owned banks are found to be more efficient than any other group of banks. Finally, the impact of regulatory reforms is generally positive and statistically significant.     

Determinants of banks’ Nerlovian economic efficiency: a DEA-bootstrap approach

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the Nerlovian economic efficiency of Taiwanese commercial banks and its determinants by assuming the presence of an imperfectly competitive market using a two-stage estimation procedure: Nerlovian economic inefficiency and its components’ price, technical and allocative efficiencies computed and decomposed in the first stage, which are regressed on the explanatory variables with a bootstrapped truncated approach in the second stage. The estimation results show that in the first-stage analysis, the Nerlovian economic inefficiency of banks is primarily due to allocative inefficiency, and indicate the existence of price inefficiency in Taiwan. In the second-stage analysis, the results confirm that both the years in operation of the bank and the ratio of credit loans are the main determinants of banking profit efficiency. In addition, this study not only shows that publicly owned banks contribute to better price efficiency but also proves that loan loss reserve to total assets is negatively associated with technical efficiency. The equity ratio exerts an insignificant favourable impact on allocative efficiency. The findings of this research are essential for bank managers in Taiwan.     

The performance of German water utilities: a (semi)-parametric analysis

Germany's water supply industry is characterized by a multitude of utilities and widely diverging prices, possibly resulting from structural differences beyond the control of firms’ management, but also from inefficiencies. In this article, we use Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis to determine the utilities’ Technical Efficiency (TE) scores based on cross-sectional data from 373 public and private water utilities in 2006. We find large differences in TE scores even after accounting for significant structural variables like network density, share of groundwater usage and water losses.     

Economic liberalization and sources of productivity growth in Indonesian Banks: is it efficiency improvement or technological progress?

This article investigates the sources of productivity growth in the Indonesian banking sector during 23 years period from 1993 to 2015. The industry has gone through several episodes of policy reforms, starting from the radical deregulation in the late 1980s, the restructuring period following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the consolidation period in the mid-2000s to the economic expansion in the 2010s. Using panel data of 98 commercial banks, we explore productivity growth using Malmquist indices complemented with bootstrapping technique to provide measures of the statistical precision of the results. The Malmquist index measures total factor productivity, efficiency change and technological change. Results show that productivity improves moderately and appears to be less volatile towards the end of the period. Furthermore, efficiency change tends to be the main source of productivity improvement rather than technological change.     

中国义务教育效率的省际差异及投入拥挤研究

利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,对中国31个省、自治区、直辖市2004-2007年小学和初中的资源配置效率进行了实证分析。在此基础上,通过对各省之间教育资源投入的冗余度进行对比分析,结果发现,中国义务教育的资源配置效率具有明显的省际非均衡性,经济发展水平相对较高的省份反而效率较低,这主要是由过度投入导致投入拥挤所致。从全国平均水平来看,小学和初中教育的效率水平比较接近,且均表现为纯技术效率较低,而规模效率较高。为了缩小省际间义务教育效率差异,政府可以采取平衡各地教育经费投入、优化教师结构、推行各地办学条件标准化建设等措施。     

中国主要城市旅游效率影响因素的演化

对不同时期影响中国城市旅游效率的因素进行分析有助于资源投入方式的优化和利用能力的提高.利用数据包络分析方法(Data Envelopment Analysis,以下简称DEA),在对1995、2000、2005年58个中国主要城市旅游效率进行计算和分解的基础上,对三个时期各分解效率对总效率的影响进行了判定和度量.研究结果显示:规模效率对总效率的影响最大、技术效率和利用效率对总效率的影响相对较弱,且这种影响关系并没有随着时间的变化而发牛较大变化.从我国城市旅游发展所处的阶段特征出发,认为区域经济不平衡性,城市旅游资源投入规模的差异是导致以上特征的根本原因.文章最后讨论了不同区域提高城市旅游发展效率的途径.     

Does decentralization contribute to efficiency? Evidence from OECD countries

This article provides evidence on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and technical efficiency. We begin the first stage of this study with a data envelopment analysis to obtain technical efficiency estimates for a sample of 23 OECD countries over the period 1992–2009. In a second stage, we explore the effects of fiscal decentralization and other control variables on technical efficiency. The results including all the control variables reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between fiscal decentralization of public expenditure and technical efficiency.     

基于DEA的城市循环经济运行效率分析

城市循环经济运行效率是城市可持续发展、建设和谐社会的综合度量,是当今社会研究的热点问题。本文运用数据包络分析模型对城市循环经济运行效率进行了分析,并根据计算结果提出相应的城市化推进策略,为相关政府部门的战略决策提供理论依据。     

关于我国商业银行效率影响因素的分析

运用多元回归分析的方法,对2006年我国商业银行效率的影响因素进行了分析。在回归分析中,首先,选取了代表商业银行产权结构、商业银行的规模、资本结构以及资产质量的指标作为解释变量,以我国商业银行效率建立模型。其次,以2006年我国12家商业银行为样本进行回归分析,在回归分析中为了避免多重共线性,采用了逐步回归的方法。最后,得出产权结构是影响我国商业银行效率的最重要因素,并提出了改善我国商业银行效率的政策建议。     

中国烟草加工企业技术效率分析——基于参数方法与非参数方法的对比研究

针对中国烟草加工企业因规模扩张而出现的管理效率低下等问题,使用2000--2006年企业层面的截面数据,运用参数方法和非参数方法测算了中国烟草加工企业的技术效率,并对两种方法的测算结果进行了比较分析。结果表明：两种测算结果存在较高的相关性,测算结果比较可靠;2000--2006年中国烟草加工企业的平均技术效率为0．74～0．79,具有稳步上升趋势;行业整体规模效率较高,但规模报酬递减的企业所占的比重有所增大。     

基于省际面板数据及DEA的区域创新效率研究

基于2003—2007年我国30个省市自治区的创新投入产出数据以及DEA方法,本文测度了我国各省市自治区的区域创新效率,并检验了我国区域创新效率的总体趋势以及东中西部创新效率的差异。结果表明:我国区域创新效率总体水平不高且呈现下降的趋势。其中,我国区域创新要素投入冗余严重,表现为科技活动内部支出与科技活动人员投入比例失衡;综合效率、纯技术效率在东部、中部与西部之间差异显著,而规模效率在三大区域间的差异却并不明显。     

基于DEA模型的中国主要轿车企业生产效率分析

文章利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国12家主要的轿车生产企业2001~2004年的生产经营效率进行总体分析与评价,并利用Malquist生产力指数对这些企业的效率变动进行了分析。研究结果表明,中国主要轿车企业的生产经营效率总体上呈现逐年提高之势;同时企业的股权结构、含有外资的企业的股本来源、企业的区域分布以及所属不同企业集团等因素都会使企业在技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率方面存在差异;动态效率分析的结果表明中国轿车业总体上还处在依靠规模扩张的量的增长阶段,行业技术进步对效率提升的作用微弱。这表明,要从根本上提高中国轿车业的生产经营效率,必须推进行业技术进步,提高技术进步对全要素生产力改善的贡献率。     

Does Environmental Protection Lead to Slower Productivity Growth in the Chemical Industry?

Efficiency and productivity growth is measured at the three-digit SIC level for six chemical industries for 1988–1993. The directional distance function is used to measure the lost chemical manufacturing output and the overproduction of toxic chemical releases. Total factor productivity growth is decomposed into a product of efficiency change and technical change. Accounting for toxic chemical releases, productivity grows at anannual rate of between 2.4% and 6.9%. We find no evidence that environmental protection measures reduce productivity growth.