Why is there controversy regarding China’s staple grain food market integration? Evidence and implication from price convergent club analysis

There remains ongoing controversy regarding the degree to which Chinese food markets are integrated. Some economists conclude that China’s grain economy is well integrated, while others argue that China’s gradual reforms have led to fragmented domestic markets while others conclude that previous studies have produced mixed results. To reconcile the debate, this article models and analyses the behaviour of China’s food grain retail markets by testing for the existence of the convergent price clustering clubs using appropriate econometric methods and price data over 1997–2010. The article finds evidence as to why the controversy remains by identifying a number of small divergent price clustering clubs where it is hard to conclude that China’s food grain markets are fully integrated. However, given that large convergent clustering clubs were also identified, it can be concluded that the degree to which Chinese grain food retail markets are integrated is ‘high’. This finding is important for those who plan to investigate the economic behaviour of grain production under the assumption of a pure, fully integrated, food market economy in China.     

基于面板数据的农业气象灾害对中国粮食产量的影响分析

中国是自然灾害频繁发生的国家,粮食生产受自然灾害影响极大。在各类自然灾害中,大概70%以上是气象灾害引起的。根据中国近30年的粮食产量统计资料,引入变截距双对数模型在不同阶段农业气象灾害对粮食产量的影响进行计量分析,结果表明,农业气象灾害对粮食产量的负面影响均较显著,并且农业气象灾害对粮食产量影响的程度呈不断下降的趋势。     

Analyst coverage and stock return synchronicity: evidence from regulation changes in China’s IPO market

This article investigates the relation between analyst coverage and stock return synchronicity in the IPO market. Using a unique data set in China from 2005 to 2012, we find a significantly different effect of analyst coverage on synchronicity before and after the implementation of important 2009 IPO regulation changes in China. Specifically, we document that analyst coverage reduces synchronicity but that this effect is significant only after 2009. In addition, we extend this research to further distinguish the information production role of underwriter and independent analysts. We find that prior to 2009, underwriter analysts’ coverage decreases synchronicity but independent analysts’ coverage does not. However, in the post-2009 period, both types of analyst coverage are significantly and inversely associated with synchronicity. Overall, our results support analysts’ role as producers of firm-specific information in an emerging IPO market and shows that this role depends on the institutional environment.     

Analysis of the optimal spatial distribution of natural gas under ‘transition from coal to gas’ in China

China has been attempting to realise green sustainable economic development. Thus, China has proposed and begun to implement the ‘switching from coal to gas’ policy to realise the energy structure transition but neglected to consider seasonal natural gas demand fluctuations, gas supply shortages, the backward gas transportation and storage infrastructure. This paper constructs a model of China’s natural gas distribution system by incorporating these four factors: ① supply factors including domestic natural gas fields, liquid natural gas receiving stations, internationally piped gas sources, ② demand factors including domestic regional demands, ③ real natural gas transportation pipeline systems in the country, and ④ the pricing mechanism of natural gas. Optimal spatial natural gas distribution with maximum social welfare under the three conditions are simulated, respectively: the ① fixed price system, ② market pricing mechanism, and ③ seasonal fluctuations. The simulation results indicate substantial changes would occur in China’s natural gas system during the switch from coal to gas, and the natural gas infrastructure requires further improvement. This paper also provides references for the natural gas storage facility location selection in China.     

农产品市场价格关系研究进展

从市场整合和市场边际两个方面评述了国内外农产品市场价格关系研究。首先介绍了空间分离市场均衡理论以及农产品市场价格关系研究的分析框架,然后评述了国内外市场整合和市场边际研究的进程,重点介绍了计量模型的发展与应用,指出供应链体系的市场整合和非对称性价格传递是现阶段的研究热点。最后提出要注意模型选择与数据可获得性等问题对研究结论的影响。     

对外经济开放、区域市场整合与全要素生产率

本文在新增长理论的框架下,构建了一个对外经济开放和区域市场整合内生化全要素生产率的模型。在此基础上,利用中国1985—2008年的省际面板数据,采用工具变量两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)实证检验了对外经济开放和区域市场整合对省际全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明,对外经济开放和区域市场整合对中国省际全要素生产率都产生了显著的正向影响效应,而且二者存在替代关系。进一步的分析指出,在对外经济开放水平较高的沿海地区,区域市场整合对省际全要素生产率的影响效应较低,而在内陆地区则恰好相反。本文为理解中国省际全要素生产率的变化提供了新的视角,对后金融危机时代如何提升地区技术水平、转变经济增长方式也具有一定的启发意义。     

Financial market development and trade openness: evidence from emerging economies

International trade is said to be the engine of economic growth. Despite an enormous effort to explain this phenomenon, the relationship between financial market development and trade openness and integration into the world economy is still an enigma. This article investigates the relationship between financial market development and trade openness. To do this, we develop a long-run and short-run model (a bounds testing approach to cointegration) for 18 emerging economies over the period 1980 to 2011. Estimates from all models show that financial market development, including both the stock market and the banking sector, has significant effect on trade openness in both short-run and long-run phenomena in the majority of countries. Despite many similarities among emerging economies, additional evidence suggests that the link between either stock market development or banking sector development with trade openness works via each country’s specific structure.     

我国场外交易市场定价机制研究

分析了我国场外交易市场定价存在的价格非市场化、存货成本高、市场规模与价格市场化形成机制不匹配等问题。在借鉴发达场外交易市场的基础上,根据我国实际情况选择存货模型作为理论基础,构建了我国场外交易市场的定价模型,提出了相应的配套的条件。     

基于事项管理的企业市场与非市场行为研究

事项管理为企业市场与非市场行为的研究提供了一种动态的过程视角。通过对企业市场与非市场行为及其整合在事项发展过程中的纵向演进研究,总结出对我国在该领域研究的启示,将事项管理理念融入企业市场与非市场行为的研究中,强调行为与环境演变联系的动态性过程研究。     

中国生猪市场整合程度研究

本文利用2000—2008年全国30个省、自治区和直辖市的生猪批发价格月度数据,采用共聚合检验以及δ收敛检验,评价了中国相邻省份的生猪市场整合程度以及全国整体市场一体化程度的演变趋势。得出的主要结论如下:中国生猪市场实现了良好的长期整合和短期整合,市场能够实现自身的价格调整;随着时间推移,全国生猪市场一体化程度逐渐加强,政府不需要对生猪价格进行干预。     

Market Power with Interdependent Demand: Sale of Emission Permits and Natural Gas from Russia

With implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, Russia will most likely be able to exert market power in the emission permit market. But, as Russia is also a big exporter of fossil fuels, the incentives to boost the permit price may be weak. However, a significant share of Russia’s fossil fuel exports is natural gas. If a high permit price boosts the demand for natural gas through substitution from more polluting fuels and thus increase gas profits, this may increase the incentives to exert monopoly power in the permit market. Moreover, a large fossil fuel exporter may use its market position to influence the effective demand for permits. Hence, the relationship between permit income and fossil fuels exports runs in both directions. In this article, we explore the interdependence between the revenues from permit and fossil fuel exports both theoretically and numerically. A computable general equilibrium model suggests the fact that Russia as a big gas exporter has small effect on the incentives to exert monopoly power in the permit market. Moreover, Russia’s monopoly power in the permit market has a small, but non-negligible impact on the optimal level of Russian gas exports.     

The impact of Chinese monetary policy on co-movements between money and capital markets

From 2010 to 2017, with interest rate liberalization and capital market development in China, the impact of monetary policies on China’s financial markets underwent continuous evolution. Using the DCC-GARCH model, this study investigates the transmission process of monetary policies from the money market to capital markets (stock and bond markets). The results show that in the early stage the instability of the money and stock markets and the downturn in the bond market are primarily caused by the block of monetary policy transmission and the paucity of fund sources in the capital markets. Subsequently, the outbreak of the 2013 money shortage and the 2015 stock market crash are also closely related to monetary policies. In the later periods, the money and stock markets maintain a low degree of correlation for a long time, reducing the impact of destabilizing factors on the stock market. By contrast, with the advancement of interest rate reform and the optimization of bond market structure, the bond market is highly relevant to the money market. The central bank regulates the bond market more effectively using both traditional and innovative monetary policy tools.     

人口迁移流动对城镇区域劳动力市场的影响

人口迁移流动对于城镇劳动力供给和区域劳动力市场一体化均有显著影响。农村迁移劳动力与城镇居民就业存在一定的替代关系,但对城镇劳动力就业冲击不大。城-城迁移人口对迁入地人口的失业率和劳动参与率均无明显影响。我国劳动力市场从计划经济时期的高度一体化逐步演变为省际之间的分割,再次走向大经济区之间的分割和区内的融合。这种融合是借助农民工的迁移流动来实现的,因而在本质上依旧是分割的。     

中国城市土地开发模式的演进及其对房地产市场的影响

通过分析中国城市土地开发模式的演进及其对房地产市场的影响,本文总结了中国土地开发模式的演进过程,分析了不同土地开发模式对房地产市场影响的机理,指出了现行土地开发模式对房地产市场所带来的潜在风险,最后就如何有效规避这些风险提出了应对措施.     

Integration of rice markets: the case of southern China

In this article, integration of rice markets in southern China is analyzed using the cointegration technique and monthly price data. Results show that there is a general lack of integration among the indica rice markets in China. Poor transport facilities, government interventions, and the limited amount of grain available for arbitrage are identified as the major impediments to market integration. Policy implications are discussed.     

市场潜力与西部地区资源开发

文章模拟了运输成本和市场规模变化情景下市场潜力指数的变化,模拟结果表明,大部分的西部省区在现阶段的运费水平之下,能够通过运输成本的降低有所受益。但是运输成本下降的空间十分有限,难以通过运输成本的降低根本的改善西部的市场通达性。因此现阶段,市场规模是造成东西部地区之间市场潜力差异的主要原因。西部大开发进程中,国家首先致力于改善西部的投资环境,进行了大规模的基础设施建设。但是运输成本降低在改善西部地区市场通达性的同时,也减小了西部资源东运的成本。西部地区市场规模狭小,东部地区强大的市场引力作用吸引了资源的东运和制造业的集聚,成为了阻碍西部地区资源开发的逆向作用力。要对抗东部沿海地区的强大集聚引力、实现西部地区的资源开发、促进西部地区的工业化进程,就必须改善西部地区的市场通达性。因此,在推进基础设施建设的同时,西部开发应该更加重视扩大内需,增强市场引力作用。     

迈向统一市场：基于城市数据对中国商品市场分割的测算与分析*

统一的国内大市场对区域专业化分工和发挥规模效应起着重要作用。本文采用价格法系统测算了2001-2015年间各城市的商品市场分割程度,并考察了影响商品市场分割的地区因素。研究发现：（1）除2008-2009年商品市场分割短暂加剧以外,2001-2015年间商品市场分割程度整体呈现下降态势。（2）各地区在市场一体化进程方面存在明显差距,东南部地区的市场整合程度高于西部地区。全国层面的商品市场分割程度大于局部地区层面的市场分割程度。（3）地区间竞争会促使地方政府干预市场,加剧商品市场分割;而较好的经济发展条件和市场规模的扩大会减轻地区间恶性竞争,促进区域市场一体化。（4）城市层面的商品市场分割受行政区划的影响表现出一定的规律性：省界会阻碍城市之间的贸易往来,加剧商品市场分割。     

我国经济转型期间的劳动力市场分割:从所有制分割到行业分割

本文对我国改革开放以来劳动用工单位的劳动力市场分割进行了全面分析.主要观点为:(1)实证分析显示我国劳动力市场中存在所有制分割与行业分割.(2)上世纪90年代中期,劳动力市场中所有制分割向行业分割演化.(3)劳动力市场分割的演化,是经济转轨过程中的特有现象,也是我国经济改革不断深化,市场力量日趋强大的过程.     

The stock market effect of air pollution: evidence from China

In financial studies, environmental stimuli such as sunshine, temperature, and daylight are often used as proxies for people’s collective mood swings to test their effects on the stock market. China has experienced serious air pollution problems in recent years, and Chinese public awareness of air pollution has soared. In this paper, we use China as a natural experiment to investigate the effect on stock returns of depressed moods induced by air pollution. Daily air-pollution data from 2005 to 2014 are analysed and the results obtained from the empirical research show that a contemporaneous negative and a two-day lagged positive relationship exists between air pollution levels and stock returns over this time period. The relationship is mediated by the influence of air pollution on investment decisions. The results also indicate that the effect is weakened for companies that protect air quality, but no stronger effect is detected for polluting companies. The findings imply that air pollution is a behavioural factor with some connection to stock returns in China.     

创新对我国装备制造业市场势力影响的动态研究

市场势力是竞争力的一种表现形式,拥有较高的市场势力可以扭转市场竞争弱势地位,促进产业持续发展。我国装备制造业的市场势力程度可采用市场集中度指标来测算。选取中国产业分析平台提供的4位数产业作为研究样本的测算结果表明,我国装备制造业市场势力总体处于低集中水平,7个子行业中通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业和仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业的市场集中度最高,行业内大企业的规模优势相对明显。通过向量自回归模型分析了创新活动对我国装备制造业市场势力的影响。结果表明,在短时期内,创新对装备制造业的影响效果不明显,在中长时期,创新对装备制造业市场势力是起促进作用的。