历史嬗变视角下的技术创新与经济结构变迁

本文从历史的角度关注技术创新的演变过程,认为历史上每一次工业革命都是以技术上的突破为基础的,由于各个时期的主导技术是不同的,因而技术创新的形式及与其相适应的经济结构也是不同的.     

发展科技中介服务促进国际经济技术合作

科技中介组织的发展水平是一个国家、一个地区市场经济发展水平的重要标志,是保证实现科技与经济紧密结合、高效融合的现代化平台,是促进国际经济技术合作的长效基因。科技中介服务机构的出现与发展跟经济因素、科技水平、文化特点密切相关。纵观当今世界各发达国家,他们都有强大的企业为龙头,众多配套发展的企业为支撑企业的产业群。同时,他们必然拥有着强大的“思想库”、“智囊机构”--中介咨询机构,包括科技中介机构,为其提供优质规范的服务。中国加入世界贸易组织和经济体制改革的新形势,面对竞争和挑战,必须抓住当前国际高新技术产业…     

The emergence of the global fintech market: economic and technological determinants

Small Business Economics - We investigate the economic and technological determinants inducing entrepreneurs to establish ventures with the purpose of reinventing financial technology (fintech). We...     

The transition economic of central and eastern Europe: A political,economic, social and technological analysis

From 1945 to early 1989, Eastern Europe was a commercial “black hole” for Western businesses. The region's centrally-planned economies and stateowned businesses kept Western investors at bay. As the economies of Eastern Europe make the transition to capitalism, major new markets are opening with attractive long-term growth prospects for the West. But the picture is not all rosy: political, economic, social and technological factors such as inflation, high debt, low productivity and fear of change threaten the stability of the region. Healey identifies the consumer electronics and service sectors as having the highest growth potential for Western businesses and recommends joint ventures to best tap these markets.     

关于黑龙江省开展对俄经济技术合作的几点看法

目前发展对俄经贸合作的条件,从大的方向可以说已经水到渠成.在世界经济普遍不景气的情况下,中俄两国经济却呈现出稳定增长的势头,格外引人瞩目.去年以来,中俄两国不仅在国家关系、政治关系上取得重大进展,签订了<中俄睦邻友好合作条约>,而且在经贸合作领域又一次达到历史最高水平.     

Innovation and diffusion in small firms: Theory and evidence

The article provides an inventory of the strengths and weaknesses of small firms in a dynamic context. To do this it considers verbal accounts of the processes of innovation and diffusion, as well as quantitative studies testing cause-effect relations. It consider both economic and noneconomic factors, concerning issues of motivation, perception and knowledge. First an overall summary is given of the characteristics of small business compared with large business, as a basis for an assessment of strengths and weaknesses. Perhaps the most important characteristic of small business is its diversity, and the article gives the conditions and sources of it. Other core characteristics are small scale, personality and independence of the small firm. From these, derived characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and core strategies can be inferred. From the perspective of the firm, strengths and weaknesses are subsequently analysed for the successive stages of innovation: invention, development, tooling/production, introduction to practice/market. Strengths and weaknesses in diffusion are analysed for the successive stages in the adoption process, as proposed by Rogers. Reference is made to theory and to empirical studies from the literature and from research by the present author.     

Inequality and trade: Some insights from the history of economic thought

ABSTRACT

Perceptions of income inequality and social insecurity are increasing in advanced economies of the North-Western hemisphere. They are widely associated with offshoring and related phenomena of the transnationalization of production and finance. This article examines the capacity and limits of standard trade theory in explaining the links between trade and inequality. It suggests avenues for gaining further insights by taking recourse to the larger inventory of theories and concepts in the history of economic thought.     

Innovation and internationalization as growth strategies: The role of technological capabilities and appropriability

Firms grow either by launching new products (innovation) or by attracting new customers (internationalization) or by using a mixed strategy. An interesting question is whether innovation and internationalization activities are complementary or substitutive. The paper discusses the connections between technological capabilities, their appropriability, innovation activities, and internationalization, and derives hypotheses from the knowledge-based view of the firm. The hypotheses are empirically analyzed using survey data from 300 Finnish firms clustered as follows: (i) domestic replicators, (ii) domestic innovators, (iii) international replicators, and (iv) international innovators. The performance of the clusters is empirically analyzed, the success criteria being actual growth rate and profitability. We conclude that a profitable firm needs to have unused technological capabilities in order to exploit economies of scope through innovation. A strong appropriability regime strengthens growth. Internationalization and innovation combined is the most advisable option when domestic markets are limited.     

Household production of sorghum beer in Benin: technological and socio‐economic aspects

This study evaluated the sorghum brewing microenterprises in Benin with emphasis on the beer quality, the social significance of the product as well as the income generated. Tchoukoutou, the Benin opaque sorghum beer, has important social functions as it fosters the cooperative spirit and remains an ancestral beverage widely used for traditional ceremonies. The manufacturing process consists of malting (soaking, germination and sun drying), brewing (mashing, boiling, filtration) and fermentation. The beer is sour with a pH of 3.2 and contains a relatively high but variable level of solids and crude protein. Most of the consumers appreciate an opaque, sour and pink‐coloured beer. The consumers related many of the beer properties to health effects. Participants can link the perceived qualities of the beer to the grain’s functional properties, and this leads to the classification of the farmers’ sorghum as varieties of top, medium and low quality for brewing. The profits from tchoukoutou production range from 2365 to 17 212 fcfa per month (1 euro = 656 fcfa) for the producers, depending on beer yield and quantity of raw grain transformed. The generated income is used for household needs and part of it is invested in children’s education.     

浅谈美国经济发展史

美国是一个外来移民的国家,从荒原到大国崛起和迈向世界超级强国,得力于改革开放和移民政策,没有改革开放就没有美国特色,没有大规模的移民就不会有大量的人才和劳动力涌入美国,就更不会有在现代资本主义国家中,美国的改革开放执西方世界之牛耳.     

技术创新和人力资本对区域经济的动态影响

经济增长一直是世界各国永恒的话题。国内现阶段不同区域经济发展程度差异显著,因此探究区域长期经济增长的影响因素以及这些因素之间的动态关系是亟待解决的重要研究问题。研究通过构建人力资本—技术创新内生增长模型,探究人力资本和技术创新对于区域经济增长的影响,以及人力资本和技术创新的动态平衡关系。     

The early American style: A history of marketing and consumer values

Since the 1876 Centennial, furniture companies, decorators, and home builders have incorporated early American designs into their products. This article recounts the marketing history of this style and some clusters of consumer values—the search for authenticity, status presentation and ethnic identification, nostalgia and tradition making, domesticity and femininity, and aesthetic conservatism—with which early American objects and architecture have been associated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The South Bank: An economic assessment

As a result of dissatisfaction with existing multilateral institutions, the idea of establishing a developing countries' multilateral banking facility-the South Bank-was launched at the Fifth Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement held in Colombo in 1976. Ever since then, the debate over whether such a facility is really needed and economically feasible has never come to a conclusion. This article reviews the proposed main structure of the South Bank and critically examines its efficacy as a financial intermediary.     

Unconventional economic policies and sentiment: An international assessment

This paper estimates, using Bayesian and global VARs, the spillover effects of unconventional fiscal and monetary policies implemented in the United States and in the Eurozone during the last decade. Consumer confidence and investor sentiment indicators are introduced in the models in order to highlight the signalling channel in the responses to economic policy innovations in times of crisis. Our results reveal that consumer and investor perceptions of innovative economic measures are relevant to study the pass-through of economic policies to the real sector in times of crisis and zero lower bound interest rates. In particular, the signalling channel plays an important role in successful unconventional economic policies. Moreover, if unconventional economic policies have an impact abroad, the effects are similar to those measured in the domestic country/region. Consequently, coordination and transparency are a prerequisite for ensuring short-term growth after a global financial crisis.