Adolph Lowe's Plea for Cooperation and Constructive Synthesis in the Social Sciences

Adolph Lowe and his mentor Franz Oppenheimer were founding members of the Editorial Board of the The American Journal of Economics and Sociology in 1941. Both this journal's name and its mission were inspired by Lowe's greatly underappreciated 1935 book, Economics and Sociology . There, Lowe issued his "plea for cooperation" and "constructive synthesis" in the social sciences. Lowe was committed to interdisciplinary teaching and research for the entirety of his long and interesting career. When celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Journal , it is worthwhile to recall Lowe's enduring contributions. His expression "constructive synthesis" still remains part of the mission of the AJES as inscribed on the back cover of the journal itself.     

VOUCHERS AND SCHOOL CHOICE: THE EVIDENCE

In the USA, states are increasingly adopting school choice policies, and a large body of empirical research using especially high-quality methods has studied their effects. It consistently finds that school choice improves academic outcomes for those who use it, improves outcomes at nearby government schools, and has other positive effects.     

新升本科院校数学专业学生的考研心理分析及对策探讨

学生的考研心理对考研率有着重大的影响,对于新升本科院校数学专业学生而言,应该注重学生的考研心理,根据研究学生的考研心理状况,从而进一步提升考研率。     

医学高职院校实施科研强校战略的对策思考

教学、科研、服务社会是高校的三大任务。而这三者之中,科研是教学的基础,是服务社会的前提。随着高职院校教学和科研正规化的发展,科研工作在整个学校工作中显得越来越重要。本文从该校科研工作的实际出发,提出了近一步加强高职院校科研强校战略的对策思考,值的借鉴。     

人格心理学研究发展的综述

精神分析学派、特质学派、生物学学派、人本主义学派、行为主义学派以及认知学派构成了人格心理学的主要学派,它们对于我们理解人格的本质作出了贡献,且至今仍以不同的形式活跃在人格心理学的理论和实践中。本文在对人格心理学研究传统范式回顾的基础上,介绍了一些新的研究范式,并提出未来人格心理学研究的发展趋势,揭示人格研究的复杂性与广泛性。     

心理健康教育的机能、行为与认知观

心理学与生活紧密联系,心理学理论中有众多流派,到底哪种或哪几种流派对心理健康领域的研究联系更紧密呢?本文将从机能主义、行为主义、认知主义三方面进行分析。     

Enterprise Education: The Role of Head Teachers

In the UK there have been recent policy developments in enterprise education, following the Davies Report (2002). In Scotland there has been the launch of a comprehensive enterprise education programme, the Determined to Succeed Strategy (Scottish Executive, 2003) for all schools in Scotland. This Strategy represented the Executive’s response to a working party review of education and enterprise. The review, Determined to Succeed, 2002 represented a comprehensive overview of requirements in order to provide enterprise education in all schools in Scotland. The aim stated is to “take an innovative and experimental approach in developing key themes in the initiative around the professional development of teachers, the engagement of disengaged school students and the promotion of a focused and resource-intensive approach to Enterprise in Education” (Scottish Executive, 2004). This paper reviews developments in enterprise education and the role of Head Teachers and Deputy Head Teachers (school principals and vice-principals). It reports the findings from research conducted with a Leadership Academy, delivered by the Columba 1400 organisation, with Head and Deputy Head Teachers for the Scottish Executive and assesses their critical role in enterprise education.     

Enhancing economic freedom via school choice and competition: Have state laws been enabling enough to generate broad-based effects?

An aspect of economic freedom that varies across U.S. states is K-12 educational freedom. Some states allow a degree of choice for families in selecting schools outside public schools for their children. However, the enabling laws for such programs are often quite restrictive and limited to few children. Can this limited degree of competition and choice have a noticeable effect on an entire state's overall K-12 performance? I find strikingly large test score gains for states that have adopted voucher programs and/or Education Savings Accounts (ESAs), swamping the effect of per pupil K-12 spending on test scores. Moreover, vouchers and ESAs are associated with less per pupil spending. These effects are robust to a host of specification checks. A key factor is the amount of a program's funding that “follows the student,” even if a small number of students are eligible. Overall, it seems that even a small measure of educational freedom has a large effect.     

Diversity,Choice and the Quasi‐market: An Empirical Analysis of Secondary Education Policy in England*

This article investigates the extent to which exam performance at the end of compulsory education has been affected by three major education reforms: the introduction of a quasi‐market following the Education Reform Act (1988); the specialist schools initiative introduced in 1994; and the Excellence in Cities programme introduced in 1999. Using a panel of schools for all state‐funded secondary schools in England (1992–2006), we find that only about one‐third of the improvement in school exam scores is directly attributable to the combined effect of these three major education reforms. The distributional consequences of the policy, however, are estimated to have been favourable, with the greatest gains being achieved by schools with the highest proportion of pupils from poor families.     

提升商业人员伦理决策能力的理论与实践:中美比较

美国社会对商业伦理始终保持高度的关注,伦理决策研究在最近几十年里取得了长足进展,企业积极实施伦理计划,商学院也反思并调整商业伦理教育。在中国,快速致富的狂热心理使得社会放松了对企业活动的伦理考察,研究者很少对商业伦理做实证探讨,企业普遍性的败德行为已经严重危害经济的健康发展与市场的有序运行,高校的商业伦理教育存在普及程度低,教学资源欠缺两大困境。     

软件人才供求矛盾及独立学院教学模式探讨

文章针对我国企事业单位对软件技能型人才的需求和目前国内软件人才市场的供求矛盾等问题,深入剖析了造成这些问题的主要原因,即软件人才教育体系跟不上市场需求,结合对独立学院软件专业学生素质现状分析,提出了提高独立学院软件专业学生教学质量的4种新途径和独立学院软件专业人才的3种新培养模式。     

Examining the role of leadership,trust for school culture and policy

Quality of life relies on also the quality of working context and the group dynamic. Culture of schools, trust and leadership facilitate quality in fostering strategic policies in establishing policy and development. The aim of the research study is to examine the role of leadership, trust for school culture in regard to the perceptions of inspectors. As this research stands on qualitative nature, experiences, perceptions of research participants shape the current understanding to give insights on the role of leadership, trust. In addition, establishing school culture is a part of quality to set policy in terms of development, inspection is a moderation of encapsulating the nature of school culture. Interview was employed to gain understanding and experiences of inspectors in relation to leadership, trust for the school culture. Mission, vision of schools, principles of schools, loyalty to schools, policies, objectives of practices in schools, social interaction in schools. Thematic analysis through laddering was done that five themes were established in examining leadership, trust in the school culture. It is important that employees in the training organization act in a joint view on implementing educational objectives. This is achieved by developing positive attitudes in people and by being able to act constructively with each other. The research results revealed that the inspectors who are currently working at the Ministry of National Education have their views on the mission, vision and leadership of schools and what they think about school culture trust in schools.

     

软件人才供求矛盾及独立学院教学模式探讨

文章针对我国企事业单位对软件技能型人才的需求和目前国内软件人才市场的供求矛盾等问题，深入剖析了造成这些问题的主要原因，即软件人才教育体系跟不上市场需求，结合对独立学院软件专业学生素质现状分析，提出了提高独立学院软件专业学生教学质量的4种新途径和独立学院软件专业人才的3种新培养模式。     

Henry George Under the Microscope: Comments on "Henry George's Political Critics"

The annual supplement of the AJES for 2008 titled Henry George: Political Ideologue, Social Philosopher, and Economic Theorist had as its first and longest essay "Henry George's Political Critics" by Professor Michael Hudson. It offered a multitude of criticisms, most of which Prof. Hudson seemed to agree with. All purported to be criticisms of George as a political strategist, though some seem more to originate from Hudson's disagreement with theoretical positions George was bound to take. The purpose of this short paper is to show that Professor Hudson's long article fails to do what it seems intended to do. That is, it fails to show that trade unionists and especially socialists were "natural allies" of the Georgist movement, that it was George's fault that that they were not, and that George "allied" his movement irrevocably to "capital," rejecting its "natural allies."     

中职学生劳动观念淡薄的现状剖析与对策

中等职业学校是培养初中级职业劳动者的主阵地,但是随着社会的发展与进步,当前中职学生劳动观念每况愈下。本文以此作为研究点,展开对中职学生劳动观念淡薄的现状剖析研究,并提供了相应的尝试解决方法,以期有助于中职学生的劳动观念转变和强化。     

体育类专业大学生思想教育创新的路径选择

体育类专业大学生有其相对独特的群体特征,依据调研数据,提出了以抓学风建设为突破口,全面带动思想教育;突出不同阶段教育与管理的侧重点;构建学校、家庭、社会的立体网状思想教育系统等思想教育创新的新路径。     

基于层次分析法的研究生教育质量影响因素研究

研究生教育质量问题是一个受多方面影响因素作用的复杂问题,其中大量的影响因素都难以量化。将德尔菲法与层次分法(AHP)结合,按影响研究生质量的程度进行排序,可确定影响我国研究生教育质量的主要因素。研究发现,研究生的科研创新能力是影响研究生教育质量的首要因素,教学实验设施、生源质量、导师队伍总体水平、专业培养方案、课程设置等是影响研究生教育质量的相对重要因素,建议学校就此建立有效的内部质量保证机制。     

Public Governance and School Performance

Abstract

According to the New Public Governance paradigm, this paper analyses the institutional and organizational conditions that can lead to an improvement in student learning (a typical co-produced outcome) by acting on the promotion of genuine collaborative relationships. The distinctive features of Italian distributed governance and the challenges for school management are discussed by examining TIMSS and INVALSI data. The results show that collaborative public management supports schools in improving student learning, confirming the research hypothesis for primary schools (IV grade) and schools that operate in socially and economically poor contexts.     

云南少数民族地区中学英语教师的现状及对策研究

通过对云南省4个少数民族聚居地-石林彝族自治县、西双版纳傣族自治州、楚雄彝族自治州和临沧地区20所城乡中学共180名英语教师的问卷调查及访谈,认真分析和讨论了目前云南省少数民族地区中学英语教师的教学和科研现状,调查结果表明:云南省少数民族地区中学英语教学虽取得了一定的成绩,但总体来说教学与科研现状不容乐观,主要存在的问题是:(1)教师性别、年龄、职称等结构不合理;(2)教师专业知识以及文化基础薄弱,教学辅助手段过时;(3)学校重视英语教学,但是教师积极性差;(4)教师的科研意识欠缺,科研能力与水平薄弱。在此基础上,提出相应的解决办法。     

基于中外合作办学高职会计专业人才培养模式的思考

中外合作办学对于推动我国高职教育国际化,培养具有国际教育背景、能够满足国际市场需求的高素质人才具有深远意义。论文结合实践分析了高职院校学会计专业在中外合作办学项目开展中面临的问题,为高职院校会计专业开展中外合作办学项目提出可行建议。