共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The paper contributes to the explanation of the large differences in cross-country productivity performance by modelling and
testing the effects of social barriers to communication on productivity and capital accumulation. In an optimal growth model,
social barriers to communication, which impede the formation of knowledge connections, are shown to reduce both transitory
and steady-state levels of total factor productivity (TFP), per capita consumption and reproducible capital. Empirical testing
yields a robust and theoretically consistent result: linguistic barriers to communication reduce productivity and capital
accumulation. The findings provide an explanation for cross-country differences in TFP, and fresh insights into how productivity
‘catch up’ may be initiated.
相似文献
P. Dorian OwenEmail: |
2.
Thijs ten Raa 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(3):191-199
Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization is freed from individual data requirements. The procedure is shown to be equivalent
to the imposition of Leontief preferences. The rate of growth of the modified Debreu coefficient and the Solow residual are
shown to add up to TFP growth. This decomposition is the neoclassical counterpart to the frontier analytic decomposition of
productivity growth into technical change and efficiency change. The terms can now be broken down by sector as well as by
factor input.
相似文献
Thijs ten RaaEmail: |
3.
This study recognizes explicitly the efficiency gain or loss as a source in explaining the growth. A theoretically consistent
method to estimate the decomposition of dynamic total factor productivity growth (TFP) in the presence of inefficiency is
developed which is constructed from an extension of the dynamic TFP growth, adjusted for deviations from the long-run equilibrium
within an adjustment-cost framework. The empirical case study is to U.S. electric utilities, which provides a measure to evaluate
how different electric utilities participate in the deregulation of electricity generation. TFP grew by 2.26% per annum with
growth attributed to the combined scale effects of 0.34%, the combined efficiency effects of 0.69%, and the technical change
effect of 1.22%. The dynamic TFP grew by 1.66% per annum for electric utilities located within states with the deregulation
plan and 3.30% per annum for those located outside. Electric utilities located within states with the deregulation plan increased
the outputs by improving technical and input allocative efficiencies more than those located outside of states with deregulation
plans.
相似文献
Spiro E. StefanouEmail: |
4.
Decompositions of total factor productivity (TFP) shed light on the driving factors behind productivity change. We develop
the first exact decomposition of the Fisher ideal TFP index which contains no debatable mixed-period components or residuals.
We systematically isolate five effects of (1) technical change, (2) technical efficiency, (3) scale efficiency, (4) allocative
efficiency, and (5) price effect. The three efficiency components (2–4) represent the efficiency of achieving a given target
point. Components (1) and (5) capture the changes of the target point. While the technical change component is well-established,
changes in the relative input–output prices can have real effects on the scale and scope of the target. Such changes are captured
by the new price effect component (5). The new decomposition is compared with existing decompositions both in theory and by
means of an empirical application to a panel data of 459 Finnish farms in years 1992–2000.
相似文献
Timo KuosmanenEmail: |
5.
In this paper we argue that the standard approach for measuring output and productivity in the trade sector has become obsolete.
The key problem is that changes in prices of goods purchased for resale are not accounted for. We outline a consistent accounting
framework for measuring trade productivity and provide new estimates, taking into account purchase prices of goods sold in
a double deflation procedure. We find strong productivity improvements in the UK and US compared to France, Germany and The
Netherlands since the mid-1990s. This finding is robust for various productivity measurement models.
相似文献
Marcel P. TimmerEmail: |
6.
Jens Müller 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):99-106
We present and discuss measures for analyzing productivity in deterministic frontier models. A new efficiency measure is introduced
allowing for discrimination among efficient organizational units. In addition, a new performance measure for analyzing productivity of organizational units is presented. This measure fulfills various properties of efficiency measures
but relaxes the indicator property. Both new approaches are based on the development of efficiency vectors which is a new vector measure for measuring efficiency. The vector components are efficiency measures related to subsets
of a production possibility set. The new approaches are applied in the context of data envelopment analysis.
相似文献
Jens MüllerEmail: |
7.
The effects of match uncertainty and bargaining on labor market outcomes: evidence from firm and worker specific estimates 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper we examine wage dispersion in labor markets across currently employed workers. We argue that differences in
the potential productivity of a match (typically assumed to be known in the previous literature) generates a surplus between
the minimum wage the worker is willing to accept and the maximum wage the firm is willing to offer for the job. Existence
of this surplus leads to wage dispersion due to negotiating over the amounts extracted by each agent. Our objective is to
estimate the surplus extracted by each firm-worker pair and the effect of the net extracted surplus on the wage, for each
firm-worker pair using the two-tier stochastic frontier model. An empirical application finds that, on average, firms paid
workers less than their expected productivity. More specifically, at the mean, the net effect of productivity uncertainty
leads to equilibrium wages which are 3.33% below the expected productivity of matches.
相似文献
Christopher F. ParmeterEmail: |
8.
Abstract This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between the stringency of environmental regulation and total
factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Quebec manufacturing sector. This allows us to investigate more fully the Porter hypothesis
in three directions. First, the dynamic aspect of the hypothesis is captured through the use of lagged regulatory variables.
Second, we argue that the hypothesis is more relevant for more polluting sectors. Third, we argue that the hypothesis is more
relevant for sectors which are more exposed to international competition. Our empirical results suggest that: (1) the contemporaneous
impact of environmental regulation on productivity is negative; (2) the opposite result is observed with lagged regulatory
variables, which is consistent with Michel Porter’s conjecture; and (3) this effect is stronger in a subgroup of industries
which are more exposed to international competition.
相似文献
Paul LanoieEmail: |
9.
The methodologies that have been used in existing research to assess the efficiency with which organic farms are operating
are generally based either on the stochastic frontier methodology or on a deterministic non-parametric approach. Recently,
Kumbhakar et al. (J Econom 137:1–27, 2007) proposed a new nonparametric, stochastic method based on the local maximum likelihood
principle. We use this methodology to compare the efficiency ratings of organic and conventional arable crop farms in the
Spanish region of Andalucía. Nonparametrically encompassing the stochastic frontier model is especially useful when comparing
the performance of two groups that are likely to be characterized by different production technologies.
相似文献
Teresa SerraEmail: Email: |
10.
Analysis of the behavior of technical inefficiency with respect to parameters and variables of a stochastic frontier model
is a neglected area of research in frontier literature. An attempt in this direction, however, has recently been made. It
has been shown that in a “standard” stochastic frontier model that both the firm level technical inefficiency and the production
uncertainty are monotonically decreasing with observational error. In this paper we show, considering a stochastic frontier
model whose error components are jointly distributed as truncated bivariate normal, that this property holds if and only if
the distribution of observational error is negatively skewed. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which
both firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty are monotonically increasing with noise-inefficiency correlation.
We next propose a new measure of the industry level production uncertainty and establish the necessary and sufficient condition
for firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty to be monotonically increasing with industry level production
uncertainty. We also study the limiting probabilistic behavior of these conditions under different parametric configuration
of our model. Finally we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to study the sample behavior of the population monotonic property
of the firm level technical inefficiency and production uncertainty in our model.
相似文献
Arabinda DasEmail: |
11.
This study measures productivity growth on Irish dairy farms over the period 1984–2000. A total factor productivity index
is constructed for the dairy system and is decomposed into technical change, efficiency change, and changes in scale efficiency.
This is achieved by estimating a stochastic output distance function model of the production technology in use on Irish dairy
farms. Overall, productivity on Irish dairy farms grew by 1.2% per annum over the sample period.
相似文献
Alan Matthews (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
This paper shows how to compute the standard errors for partial effects of exogenous firm characteristics influencing firm
inefficiency under a range of popular stochastic frontier model specifications. We also develop an R2-type measure to summarize the overall explanatory power of the exogenous factors on firm inefficiency. The paper also applies
a recently developed model selection procedure to choose among alternative stochastic frontier specifications using data from
household maize production in Kenya. The magnitude of estimated partial effects of exogenous household characteristics on
inefficiency turns out to be very sensitive to model specification, and the model selection procedure leads to an unambiguous
choice of best model. We propose a bootstrapping procedure to evaluate the size and power of the model selection procedure.
The empirical application also provides further evidence on how household characteristics influence technical inefficiency
in maize production in developing countries.
相似文献
Yanyan LiuEmail: |
13.
Alexandra M. Schmidt Ajax R. B. Moreira Steven M. Helfand Thais C. O. Fonseca 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2009,31(2):101-112
This paper analyzes the productivity of farms across 370 municipalities in the Center-West region of Brazil. A stochastic
frontier model with a latent spatial structure is proposed to account for possible unknown geographical variation of the outputs.
The paper compares versions of the model that include the latent spatial effect in the mean of output or as a variable that
conditions the distribution of inefficiency, include or not observed municipal variables, and specify independent normal or
conditional autoregressive priors for the spatial effects. The Bayesian paradigm is used to estimate the proposed models.
As the resultant posterior distributions do not have a closed form, stochastic simulation techniques are used to obtain samples
from them. Two model comparison criteria provide support for including the latent spatial effects, even after considering
covariates at the municipal level. Models that ignore the latent spatial effects produce significantly different rankings
of inefficiencies across agents.
相似文献
Alexandra M. SchmidtEmail: URL: www.dme.ufrj.br/∼alex |
14.
Robert G. Chambers 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):107-120
Stochastic productivity indicators are defined, and superlative measures of these indicators are derived. It is shown that,
in the presence of complete markets or a common-expectations equilibrium, differences in the market values of firms are superlative
indicators of cross-sectional productivity differences. Exactness results are used to decompose nonstochastic productivity
indicators into a measure of true productivity change and a measure of ‘luck’. The decomposition is illustrated empirically.
相似文献
Robert G. ChambersEmail: |
15.
Productivity and efficiency of state-owned enterprises in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Feng-Cheng Fu Chu-Ping C. Vijverberg Yong-Sheng Chen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(3):249-259
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the variations in SOE efficiency and productivity from the perspectives of macroeconomic
fluctuations and systematic reform in China during 1986–2003. We use Data Envelopment Analysis to measure SOE efficiency.
Subsequently, we use the Malmquist Index of Productivity change to measure productivity growth. The empirical results show
that SOE efficiency and productivity exhibited obvious improvements during periods of strong systematic reform and a prosperous
economy. The systematic reform after 1998 had a clear-cut impact on SOE performance.
相似文献
Chu-Ping C. VijverbergEmail: |
16.
Hayashi and Prescott (Rev Econ Dyn 5(1):206–235, 2002) argue that the ‘lost decade’ of the 1990s in Japan is explained by
the slowdown in exogenous TFP growth rates. At the same time, other research suggests that Japanese banks’ support for inefficient
firms prolonged recessions by reducing productivity through misallocation of resources. Using the data on large manufacturing
firms between 1969 and 1996, the paper attempts to disentangle the factors behind the slowdown in productivity growth during
the 1990s. The main results show that there was a significant drop in within-firm productivity, the component that is not
affected by reallocation of input and output shares across firms over time, during the 1990s. Although we find that misallocation
among large continuing firms represents a substantial drag to overall TFP growth for these firms throughout the sample period,
the negative impact of misallocation was least visible during the 1990s. The significant reduction in within-firm productivity
growth suggests that, as the Japanese economy has matured, a policy which fosters technological innovations via greater competition,
R&D, and fast technological adoption may have become increasingly important in promoting economic growth.
相似文献
Kazuhiko OdakiEmail: |
17.
Laurent Weill 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,29(2):79-89
This paper aims at comparing macroeconomic performance of three European socialist economies (Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia)
with developing and developed countries during the 1970s and the 1980s. Using panel data for 89 countries, we measure macroeconomic
performance with two panel data production frontier models: the WITHIN model proposed by (Cornwell et al J Econom 46:185–200,
1990), and the firm effects model developed by (Battese and Coelli J Prod Anal 3:153–169, 1992). We conclude in favor of the
underperformance of socialist countries in relation to developed countries but also to developing countries in most cases,
which may be explained by the features of the socialist economic system.
相似文献
Laurent WeillEmail: |
18.
In this study we examine regional data on per worker GDP, disaggregated at sectoral level, by focusing our interest on the
role of differences in the sectoral composition of activities, and in productivity gaps that are uniform across sectors, in
explaining the catching-up process, which is realized through physical and human capital as well as technological knowledge
accumulation. Our objective is to investigate how much of the interregional inequality in aggregate productivity per worker
is imputable to each component. A methodology for identifying and analyzing sources of inequality from a decomposed perspective
is developed in the growth framework by combining a shift-share based technique and a SUR model specification for the conditional-convergence
analysis. The proposed approach is employed to analyze aggregate interregional inequality of per worker productivity levels
in Italy over the period 1970–2000. With respect to the existing empirical results, our approach provides a more comprehensive
and detailed examination of the contribution of each identified component in explaining the regional productivity gaps in
Italy. It is argued that region-specific productivity differentials, uniform across sectors, explain a quite large share of
differences in productivity per worker. However, sectoral composition plays a non negligible role, although decreasing since
the end of 1980s, and very different productivity patterns emerge within geographical areas.
相似文献
Silvia BertarelliEmail: |
19.
Martin Carree Enrico Santarelli Ingrid Verheul 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(2):171-186
This study investigates the influence of the unemployment rate on firm entry, exit and net entry in Italian provinces. We
attempt to explain these market dynamics in six different sectors, including manufacturing, construction, commerce, hotels
and restaurants, transport and financial services. We control for other regional factors, such as patenting activity, economic
growth, economic welfare, tourism, industrial districts and whether being a major city. Findings indicate that the effects
of unemployment on entry and exit are dependent upon the sector under study, but are mainly negative. This suggests a lack
of dynamics in the Italian regional labor markets.
相似文献
Martin CarreeEmail: |
20.
This paper examines the impact of R&D on multifactor productivity in the U.S. agricultural sector over the 1910–1990 period.
We use the Bennet–Bowley indicator to measure agricultural productivity based on a multiple output-multiple input technology.
We demonstrate the relationship between the price dependent Bennet–Bowley indicator and the Luenberger productivity indicator
which is constructed from directional distance functions without requiring price information. These performance measures are
dual to the profit function which arguably makes them especially useful in the agricultural setting. We employ time-series
techniques to investigate the effect of R&D on the pattern of productivity growth. We find that we cannot reject the presence
of a cointegrating relationship between the two series and that productivity growth in the U.S. agriculture responds positively
to R&D expenditure with a lag of between four and ten periods.
相似文献
D. MargaritisEmail: |