绿色防控技术采纳对农户福利的影响效应研究——基于四川省茶叶主产区茶农的调查数据

本文基于四川省茶叶主产区的427位茶农的调查数据,采用内生转换模型,评估了采纳绿色防控技术对农户福利的平均处理效应。结果表明,相较于未采纳绿色防控技术的农户而言,采纳绿色防控技术的农户在每亩茶叶利润、家庭可支配收入和生活消费支出上要分别显著高出8.7327%、4.4260%和2.8715%。进一步地,我们采用控制方程法对上述结果进行了稳健性检验,表明本文的研究结果具有较强的稳健性。上述结果意味着,积极推动茶农采纳绿色防控技术是提升其福利水平的重要路径之一。     

激励与约束影响茶农绿色防控技术采纳行为研究

基于陕西省、四川省和安徽省965份茶农样本数据,运用二元Logistic回归方法分析市场层面和政府层面推行的激励与约束措施对茶农绿色防控技术采纳行为的影响。结果表明：整体上,激励措施对绿色防控技术采纳行为产生的效果大于约束措施;在激励措施中,市场层面推行的优质优价产生的正向激励效用最大;在约束措施中,政府层面推行的处罚力度的约束效果最优;此外,市场监管正向调节优质优价与政策补贴的作用却削弱了技术培训原有的效果,政府生产监管正向强化地理标志品牌对绿色防控技术采纳的影响。因此,为促进茶农积极使用绿色防控技术须明确激励约束目标、聚焦激励效果从而提高茶农绿色生产的内生动力和持续性。     

农户对循环农业技术采纳意愿的影响因素实证分析

本文利用中国粮食主产省的农户调查数据,并以技术接受模型为理论基础,运用结构方程模型检验外部因素和内部信念对农户采纳循环农业技术意愿的影响以及受教育水平和收入水平的调节作用。研究结果显示:知觉易用性和知觉有用性是驱动农户采纳循环农业技术的关键心理因素,技术特征、结果展示和采纳条件是促进农户知觉循环农业技术易用性和有用性的外部因素;技术特征和采纳条件对农户循环农业技术采纳意愿有直接和间接正向影响;随着农户收入或受教育水平的提高,外部因素、内部信念对农户循环农业技术采纳意愿的作用程度会更强。     

技术匹配、吸收能力与茶农对机械化技术的采用

[目的]伴随劳动力缺乏和用工成本的不断提高,机械化技术正快速进入中国的茶产业,为探寻茶产业生产机械化水平提高原因和机制,以及为茶农机械化技术采用行为的研究提供新的视角,以更好推动机械化技术应用到生产实践中。[方法]结合茶农技术选择的特征和影响因素,基于技术接受模型,构建了含有技术匹配、吸收能力两个外部变量的茶农对机械化技术采纳行为的模型。[结果]通过对1 246名茶农的实证研究表明,吸收能力与感知有用性、感知易用性、使用意向正相关,感知易用性与感知有用性、使用意向均正相关,感知有用性与使用意向正相关。技术匹配并不直接影响感知易用性,但是通过影响有用性正向影响使用意向,也直接影响使用意向。[结论]茶农对机械化技术的采用决策不仅受到自身对技术匹配的认知影响,而且受到吸收能力的影响,并且吸收能力的影响在决定技术采用时扮演着更为重要的角色。     

农户采纳保护性耕作技术影响因素研究

本文基于山西、河北、天津、北京四个省份调研样本的基础上,对保护性耕作技术体系中的秸秆还田和免耕播种两项技术农户采纳情况分别构建logit模型,定量分析农户采纳这两项技术的主要影响因素.分析结果表明,农户对两项技术的采纳倾向都受到政府的强制或补贴措施、粮食商品化程度、户主身体健康状况三个因素的正向影响.此外,秸秆还田技术的采纳还受到秸秆是否有经济用途、农户劳均土地块数两个因素的负向影响;免耕播种技术的采纳还受到家庭人均受教育程度、户主年龄、农户对免耕播种技术的评价三个因素的正向影响.     

丘陵山区马铃薯种植户机械化技术采纳行为影响因素分析

[目的]马铃薯是全国重要的粮食作物,虽然多年来马铃薯种植的人工成本一直居高不下,但在实际生产中是否采纳机械化技术,丘陵山区的马铃薯种植户有很多的考量。文章通过分析丘陵山区种植户自身因素与环境外部因素对马铃薯机械化技术采纳的影响,为提升丘陵山区马铃薯农业机械化水平提供政策建议。[方法]将重庆市马铃薯种植区归纳为1h经济圈、渝东北、渝东南3个样本区域,收集201份马铃薯种植户调研问卷,构建二元选择Logit模型,定性分析15个影响丘陵山区马铃薯种植户机械化耕作、播种和收获技术采纳行为的因素。[结果]对丘陵山区马铃薯种植户而言,马铃薯种植面积、用地适宜机械化作业情况与主要劳动力年龄显著影响其对机械化耕作技术的采纳,示范户、种植区域以及购买机械、扩大面积的意愿显著影响其对马铃薯机械化播种与收获技术的采纳。[结论]通过提高马铃薯从业人员素质、扶持马铃薯示范户和合理优化产业布局来深入推进丘陵山区马铃薯机械化发展。     

乡村振兴背景下乡村特色产业数字化技术采纳意愿影响因素研究

产业数字化是促进乡村振兴的新方向。该文基于TAM和TOE模型，通过问卷调查和统计分析，分析了乡村特色产业数字化技术采纳意愿的影响因素。研究发现：在技术层面，感知有用性正向影响采纳意愿，而感知易用性的影响不显著；在组织层面，当地政府人员态度、当地政府人员参与正向影响采纳意愿；在环境层面，模仿压力和规范压力正向影响采纳意愿，但强制压力并不显著。由此，提出应从技术、组织和环境三方面着手，加强乡村基础设施建设，加快数字技术研发与创新，出台更大力度的相关扶持政策，完善和优化乡村产业数字化转型发展环境，从而助力乡村特色产业实现数字化转型升级，助推乡村振兴的发展。     

技术环境对菜农有机肥技术采纳行为的影响——以河南省设施菜农为例

目的 现阶段,我国化肥低效、过量施用的现象较为普遍,不仅增加农作物种植成本,还会对农业生态环境造成严重负面影响。因此,优化施肥结构,推广有机肥替代化肥对于加快实现农业绿色高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以设施蔬菜为例,从技术环境视角出发,以技术创新扩散理论为基础,分析了菜农有机肥技术采纳行为的影响因素。方法 基于河南省440份设施菜农的调研数据,利用Heckman两阶段模型分析了技术环境对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术和采纳程度的影响,并运用Logit模型和断尾回归模型进行稳健性检验。结果 研究结果表明,大多数设施菜农都采纳了有机肥技术,但采纳程度较低。有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、农产品畅销度、农产品价值认可度、参加技术培训和有机肥补贴政策对菜农是否采纳有机肥技术具有显著影响,而有机肥购买成本、有机肥使用成本、家庭务农数量、蔬菜种植规模、农产品价值认可度和有机肥补贴政策对菜农有机肥技术采纳程度具有显著影响。结论 政府部门可以采用多元化培训、跟踪式咨询服务、社群型学习小组等方式创新菜农有机肥技术培训模式,同时,通过加大有机肥补贴范围和力度、加快有机肥施用机械设备研发等措施降低菜农有机肥替代成本,从而提高菜农有机肥技术采纳行为。     

家庭农场采纳数字技术影响因素研究

本文利用扎根理论,对实地调研结果和有关文献进行编码,构建“数字技术认知-数字技术知识获取-数字技术采纳决策”故事线,将家庭农场采纳数字技术的影响因素对应这三个阶段。研究表明：政府和数字技术供给方对数字技术宣传的全面性和真实性是在数字认知阶段的重要影响因素;在数字技术知识获取阶段,农户个人禀赋、财政投入、培训质量、优质人才数量和数字技术的易用性等因素影响着农户获取数字技术知识的效果;在数字技术采纳决策阶段,影响因素有自然环境、基础设施、个体偏好、农场资源禀赋、数字技术成熟度、使用保障、示范作用等。探究家庭农场采纳数字技术的影响因素,以助力农业现代化发展。     

减量增效技术的选择性采纳与集成推广策略

[目的]基于农户“选择性采纳”特征开展减量增效技术的系统集成与打包推广,是降低推广成本、提高推广效率的重要途径。[方法]文章运用2017—2018年浙江省638户稻农调研数据,基于列联分析、Order Probit与Multivariate Probit模型,从采纳强度和采纳结构两个方面,分析了农户化肥减量增效技术选择性采纳特征及其影响因素。[结果]农户选择性采纳现象十分普遍,且技术属性与资源禀赋共同塑造了选择性采纳特征：（1）采纳强度较低,减肥技术平均采纳强度为1.74项。（2）虽然总体上农户更加偏好资金密集型技术,但采纳结构差异明显,多项减肥技术采纳决策中同时存在替代与互补关系。（3）禀赋约束是决定农户选择性采纳的重要因素,其中劳动力数量、家庭收入等经济禀赋决定了劳动力密集型与资本密集型技术的取舍进而影响了采纳强度与采纳结构,而参与技术培训、加入合作社等社会禀赋则有助于缓解经济禀赋约束。[结论]减量增效技术的集成推广应基于农户资源禀赋异质性,制定更为灵活化、差异化的推广方案。     

Insurance for Technology Adoption: An Experimental Evaluation of Schemes and Subsidies with Maize Farmers in Mexico

For farmers in developing countries, the combination of both risk aversion and the lack of insurance is often a major impediment to adoption of productivity‐enhancing technologies, such as higher yielding hybrid seed. In a framed field experiment with Mexican maize farmers, we investigate whether bundling hybrid seed with an insurance scheme can increase its adoption, while also controlling for risk aversion. We test insurance schemes with different levels of risk coverage and premium subsidies and find that (1) all schemes significantly increase the degree of adoption of the higher yielding seed, (2) partial insurance schemes perform worse than full insurance, (3) weather index insurance with geographical basis risk performs no worse than indemnity insurance, and (4) premium subsidies significantly increase the adoption effect of indemnity insurance, but not that of index insurance.     

Integrating Technology Traits and Producer Heterogeneity: A Mixed-Multinomial Model of Genetically Modified Corn Adoption

This article proposes a model of technology adoption that integrates demand for individual traits of new technologies with the potential for heterogeneity based on farm and farmer characteristics. The model is applied to recent genetically modified corn adoption data from Minnesota and Wisconsin farmers, using a mixed-multinomial logit (MMNL) model to estimate the effects of traits and farm and farmer characteristics on adoption outcomes. This approach allows explicit recovery of estimates of farmers' shadow prices for individual technology traits. Results show the importance of producer and regional heterogeneity in preferences for seed traits.     

Adoption of Food Safety Practices in Milk Production: Implications for Dairy Farmers in India

This study investigates the status, estimates the cost, and identifies the determinants of compliance with food safety measures in milk production in India. The study is based on the cross section primary data collected at the farm level in 3 states of India, namely, Bihar, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh, in the year 2007. These states capture the geographical and institutional diversity of milk production and marketing in the country. The study shows that the status of compliance with food safety measures at the dairy farm level is not encouraging and a lot of efforts are needed to bridge this gap. The adoption intensity of food safety practices shows wide inter- and intraregional variations. This intensity depicts a positive relationship with herd size. The additional cost of compliance with food milk safety measures reveals an inverse relationship with herd size. The adoption intensity of food safety practices has been found to be influenced by the dairy farmers' characteristics. Herd size, education level, expertise in dairying, and integration of dairy farmers with modern milk supply chain have positive influence on the adoption intensity of food safety practices at the farm level. The positive relationship between adoption intensity of food safety measures and farmers' realization of milk price would influence farmers for greater adoption of these measures.     

福建中小企业开拓北美有机茶市场的问题及对策

阻碍福建中小企业开拓北美有机茶市场的主要问题是资金短缺、缺乏绿色认证信息以及不了解贸易伙伴和消费者的情况 ,本文针对这些问题进行探讨并提出解决问题的方案。     

Adoption and Abandonment of Organic Farming: An Empirical Investigation of the Irish Drystock Sector

There is a considerable literature about the adoption of organic farming. However, possible abandonment of organic farming has received scant attention. Thus, relatively little is known about the exit decisions of farmers. In addition, most studies are based on a static framework where it is not possible to account for changes in farmer decisions over time. This article attempts to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the determinants that affect both adoption and abandonment of organic drystock farming over time. The use of duration analysis allows for the consideration of cross‐sectional and time‐varying factors over the study period from 1981 to 2008. Using this dynamic econometric framework revealed a significant time effect on entry and exit decisions. Overall, the results highlight that where no attempt is made to account for exit decisions and time effects, important information about sustainable farmer decisions may not be taken into consideration.     

茶农生产性投资的技术效率及其影响因素实证分析——以福建安溪为例

以福建省安溪县茶农问卷调查数据为基础,利用随机前沿生产函数模型估计样本茶农投资的技术效率,并分析技术效率的变化规律及其影响因素。研究表明,茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间、茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间的平方项、茶农户主的受教育年限这3个解释变量对于技术效率的影响不显著;而茶农户主年龄、茶农主栽品种、是否接受过培训、茶农茶叶收入占家庭总收入的比例、茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积、村庄所在地类型虚变量与技术效率呈现正相关的关系;茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积的平方项、地区差异则对技术效率产生负向影响。     

Stochastic Technology, Risk Preferences, and Adoption of Site-Specific Technologies

A model of farmer decision making is developed to determine the extent to which uncertainties about soil fertility and weather affect the value of site-specific technologies (SSTs) using jointly estimated risk and technology parameters. Uncertainty can lead risk-averse farmers to apply more fertilizers and generate more pollution than in the certainty case. Ignoring uncertainty and risk aversion would overestimate the economic and environmental benefits of SSTs and underestimate the subsidy required to induce adoption. Accounting for uncertainties and risk preferences might explain the low observed adoption rates of SSTs. Improving the accuracy of SSTs would increase the incentives for adoption.     

Spatial Modeling in Technology Adoption Decisions: The Case of Shuttle Train Elevators

This article empirically models a strategic game of technology adoption of shuttle train grain elevators with information on location of the firm and its competitors. A spatial econometric model illustrates the role of spatial interdependence of rivals' decisions as well as agronomic and competitive variables on discrete adoption decisions. The analysis assesses equilibria conditions that characterize technology adoption, in this case of shuttle train adoption, and the results provide an explanation of shuttle train adoption decisions in the grain handling industry in which spatial competition is critical.     

Adoption of agricultural land management technologies by smallholder farmers in the Jos Plateau,Nigeria

Against a background of growing concern about the adverse effects of agricultural land degradation due to accelerated soil erosion, nutrient depletion and high population pressure, farmers in the Jos Plateau, Nigeria have adopted biological and structural land management practices, though the degree of adoption of such practices varies from one farm household to another. This study, based on a survey of 150 farm households, employed a stepwise multiple linear regression model to analyse the factors significantly influencing the adoption of land management technologies. The results of the analysis revealed four variables, namely, extension service, agricultural labour force, accelerated soil erosion and out-migration, explaining nearly 90% of the variation in the range of land management technologies adopted. The first three of these variables have positive influences on adoption. Extension service appeared to be the strongest, impacting on skills in the agricultural labour force. Policy recommendations are made in line with the findings of the analysis.     

Entrepreneurial Orientation of Organic Farmers: A Case of Organic Vegetable Farmers in the Badulla District of Sri Lanka

The authors sought to assess the entrepreneurial behavior of the organic vegetable farmers in the Badulla District of Sri Lanka. The primary data were collected through use of a structured questionnaire that was used to interview 231 farmers. The study found that there are three main agribusiness models operating in the district. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the farmers fitted into three business models was measured following the method suggested by Covin and Slevin and by Lumpkin and Dess. The study revealed that the highest EO was exhibited by the Member Farmers of Organic Association (2.4 of 5) followed by the Contract Organic Farmers (2.24 of 5), and the lowest EO was exhibited by the Independent Organic Farmers (1.8 of 5). The analysis of variance revealed that the EO is significantly different across the three business models, and mean separation revealed that the Member Farmers’ of Organic Organizations model exhibited the highest EO followed by the Contract Farmers model and then the Independent Farmers’ model.