Cost Accounting and Performance Measurement in a Just-in-Time Production Environment

There are normative statements in the literature, backed up by case observations and anecdotal evidence, which indicate that manufacturing companies operating just-in-time (JIT) production management systems should also change their cost accounting systems and place greater reliance on non-financial performance indicators. This study provides empirical evidence suggesting that JIT manufacturing companies which have made some degree of modification to their costing system demonstrate higher performance than JIT companies which have not made changes. The results also suggest that greater use of non-financial performance indicators is associated with higher performance irrespective of the production management system adopted.     

浅谈政府会计改革

我国目前政府会计体系仍沿用原来的预算会计管理体系,随着我国市场经济环境的变化和财政管理体制改革的深入发展,原有的预算会计模式越来越不适应现实的需要。本文按照政府会计改革的目标要求,简要分析在现今现行预算会计核算体系存在的问题,提出在现阶段应确立以收付实现制为主体、以权责发生制为适当补充的原则,逐步实现收付实现制向权责发生制的过渡,最终建立一套适应社会主义市场经济体制要求、适合我国国情且与国际接轨的政府会计体系。     

非财务指标与企业财务业绩相关吗——一项基于中国国有企业的实证研究

非财务指标是否能预测企业财务业绩的增长，综合业绩指标体系是否适合我国企业．是我国理论与实务界普遍关心的问题。本文以76家国有企业为样本，系统分析了非财务指标“客户满意度”与企业财务业绩的相关关系，为我国企业建立综合业绩评价体系找到了实证依据。研究表明，客户满意度高的企业具有更高的盈利能力；从客户满意度提高带来的两方面作用来看．企业更可能是通过提高单位产品的利润率来提高盈利能力．而不是通过增加销售来提高盈利能力。     

"一股独大"悖论:中国证券市场的经验证据

目前对于中国证券市场诸多问题的探讨大多集中于“一股独大”，似乎其是“万恶之源”。本文采用主成分分析和多元回归的统计方法，系统分析了股权集中程度、第一大股东性质与综合业绩的相关关系。本文发现：股权集中度与综合业绩存在正相关关系，第一大股东为国有行政性单位的上市公司较第一大股东为非行政性单位的上市公司的综合业绩要差。鉴于本文的经验证据与现行主流观点相左，所以有“悖论”之称。针对这一“悖论”，本文给出了两个解释。     

The performance implications of power–trust relationship: The moderating role of commitment in the supplier–retailer relationship

The current research examines how coercive power and non-coercive power affect trust and how these relationships are affected by affective and calculative commitment. It also expands the understanding of the role of an under-researched dimension of performance, i.e., strategic performance, and studies it as a mediating variable in the relationship between trust and financial performance. The proposed model is empirically tested using Partial Least Squares (PLS) in supplier–retailer channel in Taiwan. The findings reveal that affective commitment has a positive moderating effect on the negative relationship between coercive power and trust, while calculative commitment has a negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between non-coercive power and trust. The results also indicate that strategic performance partially mediates the effect of trust on financial performance. The research advances theoretical understanding on the complex power–trust relationship and provides insights into the role of commitment in both enabling and undermining channel relationships. The findings highlight the importance of building affective commitment in channel relationships and the critical role of strategic performance in the trust–financial performance relationship.     

浅谈计算机会计信息系统下的审计

随着计算机技术在会计领域的广泛应用，对传统审计产生很大的影响，主要表现在两个方面，即外部环境的变化给审计带来的影响和内部控制的变化给审计带来的影响。审计工作者应采取相应措施以降低审计风险。     

Two-step multi-criteria model for selecting optimal portfolio

In spite of a large number of multi-criteria models applied to solve the problem of optimal portfolio selection and a large number of market criteria and accounting criteria proposed for these models, the problem of portfolio containing securities from different industries has not yet been adequately solved. Namely, neither can stocks of companies from different industries be compared using the same criteria nor can the weight of a particular criteria be equal for them all. Therefore this paper develops a new two-step model that will overcome the shortcomings of the previously used models. The model is divided into two different but related pillars: the choice of different industries to form the overall portfolio and the choice of portfolio for each industry. The multi-criteria model used in this paper is a modified multi-criteria programming model based on the PROMETHEE II approach. The selected model has been applied at the Zagreb Stock Exchange (ZSE) as a real case.     

企业中的信息技术生产率悖论

信息技术 (IT)生产率悖论描述了从信息技术投资所获得的实际收益和期望收益的不匹配。本文综合国外最新研究进展 ,将关于企业层面的信息技术生产率悖论研究分为三个阶段 :2 0世纪 90年代中期之前为悖论的证实和解释阶段 ;2 0世纪 90年代中期悖论消失 ;2 0 0 0年以后新悖论出现。对新悖论的成因进行分析并探讨了新悖论存在的问题。最后 ,给出企业信息技术生产率悖论对我国企业信息技术投资的启示。     

企业财务风险规避的措施和方法

本文通过对企业财务风险成因分析,得出企业财务风险的防范性措施、方法以及在不同财务活动阶段规避的技术性方法,以期降低风险、提高效益。     

以风险协议为框架的化工措施管理机制探索与实践

以西方经济学中的代理理论为基础．建立了一套以风险协议为框架、对化工措施全过程进行控制的管理机制和相应的保证体系,提高了化工措施现场实施的成功率和有效率。     

Measures of Joint Venture Performance from Multiple Perspectives: An Evaluation by Local and Foreign Managers in Vietnam

A study was undertaken to identify the most relevant performance evaluation measures for joint venture managers and to analyze differences in perception about joint venture performance between foreign and Vietnamese joint venture managers. The results revealed five factors belonging to three perspectives of particular relevance to managers: operational efficiency (economic indicator), competitiveness and external customer relations (strategic indicators) as well as equity and working relationship (behavioral indicators). This study also points out that under normal operating conditions, there are no significant differences in perception between foreign and Vietnamese joint venture managers regarding both efficiency and equity. This confirms the need for equity in a joint venture relationship in order to maintain balance between the partners and avoid dissolution.     

Firm size, web site content, and financial performance in the transportation industry

The transportation industry has been revolutionized by the World Wide Web with the Internet rapidly emerging as the optimal medium for the exchange of information between shippers and carriers throughout the supply chain. Despite this, many motor carrier firms may still not be placing enough emphasis on the Internet. Recent empirical research studies suggest that Internet utilization in the supply chain is significantly influenced by firm size. This study analyzes the informational and interactive content of the Top 100 U.S. motor carrier firms' web sites to examine the relationship between firm size and Internet utilization. In addition, as there is little research that assesses the payoff in terms of benefits for firms that place more emphasis on the Internet for commercial activity, secondary financial data are used to evaluate the association between Internet utilization and firm financial performance in the transportation industry.     

The impacts of marketing and operations capabilities on financial performance in the UK retail sector: A resource-based perspective

Drawing upon the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, this study investigates the relationships among marketing capability, operations capability, and financial performance. Using archival data of 186 retail firms in the UK, we find that that marketing capability has a significant impact on operations capability, and that operations capability is significantly and positively related to retail efficiency. The results also suggest that operations capability fully mediates the relationship between marketing capability and financial performance. The findings of this study provide practical insights for practicing managers to consider when developing functional capabilities in order to achieve superior financial performance.     

Implementing market segmentation using full-refund and no-refund customer returns policies in a dual-channel supply chain structure

Products returned by customers are common in the retail industry and result in costs to both the supplier and the retailer. In practice, retailers implement returns policies that may give customers a full, partial, or no refund for returned products. In this paper, we examine how a firm that faces customer returns can enhance profit by using different customer returns policies, full-refund and no-returns, as a device to segment its market into a dual-channel structure. We also show the impact of customer returns on the firm's pricing and ordering decisions, as well as on the firm's profit in such a dual-channel structure.