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Recent theorizing has proposed that modular product and process architectures are key enablers of strategic flexibility. We formulated an integrative conceptual model encompassing antecedents, contributing factors, and outcomes of modularity. We then tested this model on data from managers in U.S. and U.K. home appliance companies using structural equations modeling. The results indicate a positive relationship between modular product architectures and performance, with product model variety as a mediating variable. The results also highlight linkages between perceptions of market context and the use of modular products architectures, and between complementary organizational capabilities and firm performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper examines the link between related and unrelated diversification and human resource management (HRM) controls. The paper presents a model proposing that the type of corporate (macro) controls used by related or unrelated firms implies a relative emphasis on either flexibility or fit among HRM practices in that related firms emphasize flexibility and unrelated firms emphasize fit. This emphasis on flexibility or fit, in turn, has implications for the use of HRM (micro) controls such as clan, behavior, and outcome controls such that related firms exhibit the use of all three types of HRM controls, while unrelated firms exhibit a relative emphasis on the use of outcome controls. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the effects of regulatory constraints and their relaxation on managerial discretion and internal fit in the context of the U.S. airline industry. Our results suggest that when managers' discretion is limited in one realm of choice, they compensate by using their greater level of discretion in some other arena to achieve internal fit. We show that the pursuit of fit matters, in the sense of having measurable efficiency consequences, and that fit trumps ‘best practice,’ at least in this context. In this respect, our findings provide a validation of the contingency perspective on internal fit. The ability to achieve fit under changing conditions may express a dynamic managerial capability necessary for adaptive organizational change. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Despite widespread recognition of the importance of strategy–structure fit, e.g., diversification and divisionalization, research has yet to address the possibility of similar fit issues for other structural forms of organization, such as the choice of franchised vs. company‐owned governance structures. In this study, we depart from the usual debates regarding the superiority of one governance structure over another and argue that performance differences between these two alternative governance structures may be attributable more to the matching of one structure with a correspondingly appropriate strategy. Specifically, we posit that stores will act in fit‐enhancing ways by pursuing strategies that are more congruent with their governance structure; i.e., that franchised stores, with their more flexible and decentralized structures, will be more likely to pursue strategies that emphasize flexibility and local adaptation, whereas company‐owned stores will tend to pursue strategies that emphasize predictability and control. We also argue that those stores acting in such a manner will enjoy subsequent performance benefits. We develop these ideas around strategy/governance structure fit and test our hypotheses using longitudinal data from over 6000 stores within one of the biggest U.S. restaurant chains from 1991 to 1997. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Interpartner Fit and Its Performance Implications: A Four-Case Study of U.S.-China Joint Ventures 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
In previous research on international joint ventures, a commonly accepted conceptualization and operationalization of interpartner fit is lacking. As a result, empirical studies have either failed to confirm theoretical predictions or produced inconsistent findings that are difficult to reconcile. Using a multiple-case method, this study developed a model in which interpartner fit is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct consisting of the compatibility between the partners strategic objectives, contribution and joint management of critical resources, consensus on the venture's operating culture and strategy, and structure of relative bargaining power and control over the venture's operation. The longitudinal case studies demonstrated the relationship between interpartner fit and joint venture performance and also revealed the rich dynamics and changes in interpartner fit'misfit over time. 相似文献
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This paper addresses the determinants of price-cost margins inU.S. 4-digit industries. Margins are larger in capital intensive andconcentrated industries with high growth rates and R & D andadvertising to sales ratios. They also fluctuate significantly overthe business cycle. We go beyond the existing literature byconsidering an issue which is a dominant topic in the businessliterature, the flexibility of firms to adjust to exogenous shocks.In particular, we find a significant positive relationship betweenthe flexibility of labour demand and price cost marginssuggesting that it pays to be flexible. 相似文献
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根据信息管理系统中对信息分类的需求，分析了以往常用的分类方法中存在的一些不足和弊端，提出了一种多层次多属性信息分类编码模型，并应用于中国石油天然气集团公司库尔勒沙漠运输公司物资材料管理。此信息分类编码模型具有良好的柔性结构，编码结构灵活。采用此模型的编码方法可解决各类信息的分类编码编制问题。 相似文献
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This paper describes a conceptual framework to articulate clear rights of access to radio spectrum in a way that would foster an efficient market-based allocation of the resource. In this approach, regulators partition spectrum rights across the dimensions of space, time, frequency, and direction of propagation. They devolve each partition, called a licensed electrospace region (LER), to licensees who may buy, sell, aggregate, and subdivide their LERs at will. All signals outside an LER must have a power level of less than a regulated limit with de minimis exceptions. In addition, even within an LER, transmitter power or field strength must fall below a separate regulator-set level for the band. Licensees may deploy any devices and provide any services that do not violate these rules. 相似文献
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介绍了一种专用硅胶塑料瓶处理机的工作原理及设计要点,利用多工位间歇机构,实现了设备的自动化,使被加工的硅胶塑料瓶满足后续破碎工序的技术要求。 相似文献
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自动化立体仓库是近代才崛起的新型仓储设施,是一个复杂的自动化管理系统,它由众多的子系统组成。在自动化仓库中,为了完成规定的任务,各系统之间、各设备之间要进行大量的信息交流,介绍了自动化立体仓库的特点、产生和发展及自动化立体仓库各系统的组成和功能。 相似文献
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Jean‐Philippe Bonardi 《战略管理杂志》2004,25(2):101-120
In deregulated industries former monopolies often adopt asymmetric behaviors: these firms impede the entry of foreign competitors in their home market, especially using defensive political strategies, and, at the same time, aggressively develop international strategies in foreign markets. To account for this behavior, I develop a game theoretic model involving three players: the former monopoly, its home government, and the host government of the country into which the firm wants to enter. I show first that there are in fact different asymmetric strategies that former monopolies can use in such a setting, and that a global strategy cannot always be implemented by those firms because of cooperation issues between the two governments. I also study the conditions under which these issues can be solved and show that this can happen only when the firm develops a political strategy that integrates both defensive and offensive activities. Overall, this paper therefore argues that asymmetric strategies are not always adopted to maintain monopoly rents but are also dictated by the nature of the international relationships between the governments involved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jennifer W. Spencer 《战略管理杂志》2003,24(3):217-233
This paper explores the relationship between firms' strategies to share knowledge with their innovation system and innovative performance. The empirical analysis showed that many firms designed strategies to share technological knowledge with competitors, and those firms that shared knowledge with their innovation system earned higher innovative performance than firms that did not share knowledge. In addition, firms that interacted with their global innovation system earned higher innovative performance than firms that interacted with only their national innovation system. These results should help managers and researchers understand how to devise technology strategies in globally integrated industries. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了提高净化隔断板面板成型时的生产效率,降低工人的劳动强度,减少对工人技能的依赖性,设计了一种净化隔断板面板成型装置。依据设计需求制定了面板成型装置的工艺路线,进而提出了面板成型装置的总体设计方案,设计了整体结构,并对整平机构和剪断折弯机构进行了综合设计与分析,计算了上料、整平、冲孔、滚压成型、剪断折弯的工作循环和整体的成型效率。结果表明,该装置大大提高了面板的成型效率,并降低了工人的劳动强度,具有通用性强、自动化程度高、效率高等优点。净化隔断板面板成型装置的设计顺应了净化隔断板生产的自动化、无人化的发展趋势,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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多变环境下的业务战略:从通用单一到精准组合的理论创新 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现有战略理论特别是定位理论已经严重地不适应复杂多变的经营环境现实。因此,改变战略理论的视野成为能否取得理论创新突破的关键。本文引入一个能够全面反映环境变动效应的全面环境互动模型,从中归纳出企业面临的四重基本压力,在此基础上推演出了一套精准战略,使业务战略的分类从以往属的层次进入到种的层次,然后根据逻辑关系证实了通过精准战略的适当组合可以避免所谓的夹在中间窘境而实现差异化和成本优势的兼得。 相似文献
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How CEOs affect strategy and performance is important to strategic management research. We show that sophisticated statistical analysis alone is problematic for establishing the magnitude and causes of CEO impact on performance. We discuss three problem areas that substantially distort the measurement and sources of a CEO performance effect: (1) the nature of performance time series, (2) confounding and (3) the discovery of many interactions associated with the CEO performance effect. We show that the aggregate of empirical research implies complex interdependency as the driver of the CEO performance effect. This suggests a ‘fit’ model requiring new research approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tomoki Sekiguchi 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2006,23(1):47-69
The majority of person-environment (P-E) fit studies have been conducted in the Western context and little is known about the process through which organizations promote P-E fit. In this paper, I illustrate how Japanese organizations promote multiple types of P-E fit through their human resource practices. I also develop conceptual models in which promoting P-E fit in Japanese firms is contrasted with that of U.S. firms. The case and models suggest that institutional and cultural contexts affect the way organizations promote P-E fit. Future research directions for a better understanding of P-E fit management especially in the Asia-Pacific region are discussed. 相似文献
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This paper includes an empirical analysis of the linkages between environmental strategy and stakeholder management. First, it is shown that several simultaneous improvements in various resource domains are required for firms to shift to an empirically significant, higher level of proactiveness. Second, more proactive environmental strategies are associated with a deeper and broader coverage of stakeholders. Third, environmental leadership is not associated with a rising importance of environmental regulations, thereby suggesting a role for voluntary cooperation between firms and government. Finally, the linkages between environmental strategies and stakeholder management, based on a sample of 197 firms operating in Belgium, appear more limited than expected. Country‐specific characteristics may to a large extent account for these results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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品牌个性匹配对品牌延伸态度影响研究——基于感知匹配度内涵的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在品牌管理的实践中,很多具有鲜明品牌个性的品牌延伸到了与原来的产品品类完全不相关的领域。但是,由于现有的感知匹配度建构中并不包含品牌个性的匹配,因而使得当前的理论很难解释营销实践中基于品牌个性的远距离品牌延伸。本文通过理论推演,提出了在感知匹配度中有必要引入品牌个性与形象的匹配,并通过实验研究和验证性因子分析,实证地揭示了品牌个性匹配对消费者品牌延伸评价具有显著的影响,从而提出了感知匹配度的三维度建构及其概念内涵。 相似文献