国家能源集团铁路调度信息系统数据共享技术研究

国家能源集团拥有煤炭、电力、运输、化工等全产业链业务,铁路在运输产业中占据主导地位,铁路产业数据集中管理、协同、共享极为重要。铁路数据具有数据规模庞大、类型多样、分布广泛、实时性强、安全性高等特点。对国家能源集团铁路数据进行分类,分析铁路数据共享现状,研究国家能源集团铁路调度信息系统数据共享技术,建立铁路数据共享模型,通过数据采集、数据标准化、数据服务等技术方法对模型进行实现。建立国家能源集团铁路调度信息系统数据共享平台,整合铁路数据资源,优化铁路数据交换方式,实现全集团铁路数据集中管理和统一共享,支撑铁路产业板块深度数字转型,助力国家能源集团铁路运营管控新模式。     

铁路列车调度指挥系统数据仓库体系结构的研究

为促进铁路运输信息化管理和智能调度的发展,结合我国铁路列车调度指挥系统的结构,在分析列车运行实绩数据的构成和信息流的基础上,提出由数据采集层、数据服务层、业务逻辑层和应用层组成的铁路列车调度指挥系统数据仓库的体系结构。以铁路列车调度指挥系统的基础数据、列车运行实绩和行车操作数据为数据源,通过操作数据库实现数据的预处理、转换和加载。通过建立概念模型,建立维度表和事实表,设计星型结构的数据仓库。基于业务逻辑和需求分析,构建列车运行实绩数据立方体,实现不同层次的数据分析和展现,为铁路列车调度指挥系统数据仓库的设计和方案提供参考。     

铁路专业公用地理信息数据获取及关键技术研究

铁路地理信息平台是铁路信息化最重要的支撑平台之一,能够直观展示铁路地理要素。铁路地理信息数据是铁路地理信息平台的核心基础,在深入研究铁路业务系统对空间数据需求的基础上,根据铁路呈线状分布的特点提出基于数据分类、数据收集、数据采集、数据处理和数据更新的铁路专业公用地理信息数据获取流程,并对空间数据分类与表达、线性参考模型应用、采集方法等关键技术进行研究,使得平台能够正确、完整展现全路专业公用地理信息数据。     

北京铁路局客运管理信息系统架构研究

我国铁路发展迅速,高速铁路已经形成复杂网络,铁路客运管理工作涉及的业务量、数据量随之大幅增长,需要一个能满足多业务部门协同、综合性强、处理能力高的客运管理信息系统进行支撑。通过对旅客运输管理与服务工作特点的分析,结合铁路客运信息化现状,基于大数据采集、大数据预处理、大数据存储及管理、大数据分析及挖掘、大数据展现及应用等相关技术,提出北京铁路局客运管理信息系统架构,实现多业务系统数据的采集汇集,结构化及非结构化数据的存储,实现铁路客运信息的管理、共享,对提高铁路客运管理效率具有重要作用。     

铁路现代物流统计体系构建研究

为适应铁路现代物流业务发展和经营管理需要,在明确铁路现代物流统计在国民经济统计体系和铁路运输统计体系中定位的基础上,针对既有铁路物流统计中存在的物流统计指标覆盖范围不全及质量效益型指标偏少、物流统计基础数据采集不全及先进分析决策方法应用滞后,以及物流统计工作与物流市场化改革需要存在较大差距等问题,构建包含运输统计、装卸搬运统计、仓储及包装加工统计、配送(接取送达)统计和铁路物流基地统计等方面,以总量统计、质量统计和效率效益统计为核心,适应铁路现代物流业务经营的铁路物流统计指标体系。     

铁路智能车站设备节能集控系统研究

铁路智能车站设备节能的科学管理对于降低车站能耗具有重要意义。在阐述车站设备能耗现状的基础上,分析系统功能需求、总体架构、系统逻辑,构建铁路智能车站设备节能集控系统,通过对底层硬件传感器和控制设备的数据采集和控制,实现对车站内空调、照明、电梯、显示屏4种主要能耗设备进行集控管理,简化车站工作人员的运营维护工作。铁路智能车站设备节能集控系统结合设备在运行过程中的场景模式,实现设备的远程自动开关,在保证为旅客提供舒适乘降候车环境的同时,达到节能降耗、提升车站智能化管理水平的目的。     

铁路客运应急调度指挥系统构建研究

为提高铁路应急调度指挥的处置水平,围绕铁路客运应急调度指挥业务,基于现有铁路运输生产应用系统数据,辅以模型算法、数据采集、大数据处理为技术手段,构建中国铁路总公司级、铁路局集团公司级、客运站段3级架构,实现集中统一管理的铁路客运应急调度指挥系统。从系统目标、系统应用架构、核心功能设计、系统信息流程等方面,研究提出铁路客运应急调度指挥系统的构建方案,以基于大数据技术的铁路客运应急调度决策评估为例,对支撑铁路客运应急调度指挥系统构建的核心技术及其实现过程进行分析,以保障铁路运输生产安全有序,提升铁路旅客运输质量。     

基于灰色关联度分析的铁路技术站运输组织水平综合评价

铁路技术站的运输组织水平受多种因素影响,各因素之间的内在联系难以精确定量和不完全确知,传统的单项指标分析法和定性分析法不能准确反映车站的整体运输组织情况。为此,提出基于灰色关联度分析的技术站运输组织水平综合评价法,选择相对重要、易于度量和数据采集方便的指标构建综合评价的指标体系。通过建立模型、给出算法步骤和实例计算,认为该方法简便适用,有助于加强技术站生产管理和提高运输组织水平。     

高速动车组乘务交路辅助编制系统研究

随着近年来我国高速铁路路网快速发展,动车组乘务规则和作息时间要求与普速铁路存在差异。为适应运输市场需求调整列车运行图,高速动车组乘务交路辅助编制系统可以辅助编制人员快速编制相应的乘务人员计划方案,改变目前靠人工凭经验编制的局面。通过高速动车组乘务交路编制系统功能设计,分析乘务交路基础数据管理、乘务区段运行图数据采集与处理、乘务交路编制、乘务排班计划编制的功能和实现途径,运用模型求解算法,快速编制质量较优的高速动车组乘务交路方案。     

石衡沧港城际铁路互联互通方案研究

突出功能定位,发挥路网互联互通作用,是高速铁路互联互通方案研究的关键。在阐述石衡沧港城际铁路互联互通现状的基础上,针对石衡沧港城际铁路客流特点和功能定位,分析石衡沧港城际铁路石家庄铁路枢纽、衡水铁路枢纽、沧州铁路枢纽和黄骅铁路枢纽等互联互通主要节点枢纽,通过衡水、沧州和黄骅铁路枢纽比选方案分析,提出石衡沧港城际铁路在通道中的枢纽方案,为区域连接线、城际铁路在方案互联互通作用提供研究支撑。     

Exploring the use of travel information – identifying contextual market segmentation in Seoul, Korea

As the amount of information is rapidly growing, and ubiquitous urban environments are emerging, the question which kind of information to provide is a major challenge for commercial and public travel-information service providers alike. This paper reports the analyses of recent data, collected in Metropolitan Seoul, about the acquisition of travel information. The study applies CHAID analysis to find homogeneous segments in travel information acquisition. Findings indicate that contextual variables are crucial to explain information acquisition behaviour, depending on decision context. The implication is that both socioeconomic and contextual variables are important to better understand the acquisition (and provision) of travel information. The results have important implications for managers and policy-makers, in particular in the way they respond to dynamic, contextual market segmentation.     

New regional aviation policy in India: Early indicators and lessons learnt

In this article, we study the new regional aviation policy of India along with data collected on the performance of the scheme since its introduction in 2016. The scheme has multiple objectives. First, it wants to increase footprints of civil aviation to unserved and underserved airports of India. Second, it intends to make flying more affordable. It comes out, the aviation market in the country has expanded due to the addition of new routes under the scheme but data indicates that there is a regional imbalance in the performance of the scheme. Moreover, there are still questions on the long term sustainability of many routes and finding a solution for neglect of some priority regions. We have identified economic and commercial challenges that need to be addressed for the program to achieve its goals. The insights gathered during the study can be generalized and policy makers and managers of remote area air-connectivity schemes of different countries should find them useful.     

Do buses help meet tourism objectives? The contribution and potential of scheduled buses in rural destination areas

A review of tourism policy documents reveals three key objectives: environmental, social and economic sustainability. This paper examines the role of scheduled buses in meeting these objectives, using data from a large survey of bus passengers in rural tourist destinations. It finds that buses achieve modest modal shift from cars, allow access to the countryside for people without cars and generate spending in local economies. It suggests how these functions could be improved by market-segmentation, better publicity and service delivery and questions why many such services struggle for funding each year.     

Total factor productivity in Australian domestic aviation

This paper develops measures of total factor productivity for Australian domestic air transport over the past two decades, and enables comparisons to be made with the productivity of international airlines. In recent years there has been little by way of measurement of productivity performance of the Australian domestic airlines. A major reason for this has been the poor availability of data—data typically available for international airlines are no longer available for the Australian domestic airlines. Strictly speaking, it is no longer possible to measure total factor productivity for the domestic airlines, as critical data are missing. It is possible, however, to fill in the gaps with proxies, which enable useful, albeit imperfect, productivity measures to be developed. These can also be compared to published measures for international airlines. The results enable an assessment of the productivity performance of Australian domestic airlines over the past two decades (and especially over the post deregulation period). They also enable an assessment of the extent to which productivity has caught up with that achieved in well performing airlines overseas. The results also show light on whether there is scope for new airlines, such as the proposed entrant Virgin, to achieve lower costs than the incumbents.     

Determining intra-urban spatial accessibility disparities in multimodal public transport networks

Urban rail systems have been added to public transport systems, thereby changing distribution disparities in urban spatial accessibility. These disparities reflect both the ability of the public transport system to meet the needs of residents and the locational pros and cons of public service facilities. In this paper, integrated accessibility metrics are used to assess the disparities in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. This is achieved by dividing the urban space into a multilevel grid that can be easily combined with grid-based population data to facilitate accessibility modeling, calculation, and evaluation. Additionally, an acquisition method for more accurate travel time data in the multimodal public transportation network was developed on the basis of an Internet mapping service. This provides a realistic, multimodal, door-to-door modeling approach that avoids the requirement of building complex traffic networks through Geographic Information System (GIS) software and simplifies road network modeling efforts. The results show that this modeling method can be used to reflect the accessibility disparities in the Nanjing urban space objectively and accurately.     

Examining the spatial-temporal relationship between urban built environment and taxi ridership: Results of a semi-parametric GWPR model

With the advance of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and data acquisition systems (DASs), it becomes possible in recent to explore the determinants of urban taxi ridership using multi-source heterogeneous data. This paper aims to use floating car data, points-of-interests (POIs) data and housing-price data to assess the influence of the built environment on taxi ridership. Within a scale of 0.5 km grid, critical indicators related to the economic aspect, intermodal connection, and land use factors were obtained using the multi-source data in Shanghai. To capture the spatial and temporal heterogeneity, Semi-parametric Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (SGWPR) models are built over different time dimensions. It is found that SGWPR models result in higher goodness-of-fit than the generalized linear models. More importantly, the results show the impacts of built environment factors on taxi demand are highly heterogeneous, positive or negative in different city areas, reflected in the significant temporal variations of the effects. Overall, these findings suggest that the built environment factors have significant impacts on urban taxi demand, and the spatial context should not be ignored. Findings in this paper are expected to help better understand the relationship between urban taxi demand and built environment factors, improving the service level of the urban taxi system, and offering valuable insights into future urban and transportation planning.     

The new narrative of accessibility: its potential contribution to discourses in (transport) geography

A new narrative of accessibility has been incorporated into policy discourses in Great Britain. The paper’s aim is to contribute to the welcome debate in transport geography which concerns itself with accessibility and its potential relation with wider discourses, particularly those of sustainability, globalisation and new mobilities. The paper offers thoughts on the extent to which accessibility may have a role in this debate. It is argued that a fuller conceptualisation of accessibility has the potential to achieve fuller understandings of accessibility-based policy goals and their implications, as well as informing the design of instruments to achieve policy delivery. To this end, notions of ‘universal’ and ‘relative’ rights are summarised and discussed in the accessibility context. A simple notional system is proposed through which the roles in accessibility of these two ‘types’ of rights may be recognised and understood. It is also proposed that a concept of ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ accessibility, paralleling similar ideas of sustainability, can be of value in the design of policy aimed at achieving greater accessibility and hence social inclusion and social dimensions of sustainability. The potential for a fruitful conceptual interaction between an accessibility narrative and discourses of globalisation and new mobilities is explored with a view to stimulating debate.     

铁路智能化调车系统的研究

铁路车站调车作业自动化是实现调度集中的基础,针对目前车站无线调车作业的现状和存在的问题,对智能化调车系统的组成、结构和功能进行了设计。并对系统技术方案进行了研究,主要包括信号采集方案、站场地理信息系统、信息处理系统和调车作业过程的智能化控制等。     

A qualitative study of outsourced aeronautical maintenance: The case of Brazilian organizations

The outsourcing of aeronautical maintenance has been criticized for the quality of services offered. According to the literature, airlines have contracted repair stations to perform maintenance activities on their aircraft or parts when attempting to optimize resources (time, facilities, personnel, money). The attempt to reduce costs in maintenance activities and regulatory deficiencies can lead to maintenance management practices that could threaten equipment airworthiness. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether outsourced aeronautical maintenance is aligned to common industrial maintenance management practices. To achieve this goal, qualitative exploratory research was conducted on Brazilian repair stations. For data collection, a questionnaire was developed based on seven factors related to aircraft maintenance. The data revealed that a mismatch exists between the best maintenance management practices and expected repair station performance.     

Deployment and utilization of plug-in electric vehicles in round-trip carsharing systems

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) can reduce gasoline consumption, but increase vehicle acquisition costs and introduce operational constraints. We develop a comprehensive approach to EV/PHEV deployment and utilization in round-trip carsharing systems. First, we formulate and solve the tactical problem of utilizing a mix of gasoline vehicles and EVs/PHEVs to serve trip demand, using Mixed Integer Programming optimization to estimate the minimal gasoline consumption in a computationally efficient manner, and simulation to assess the effect of reservation order on realized gasoline consumption. Second, we use these results to inform the strategic deployment of EVs/PHEVs in the carsharing fleet, using meta-optimization. We implement our approach using data from a large carsharing provider. From the perspective of a carsharing operator, our results suggest that replacing some portion of existing gasoline fleets by EVs/PHEVs would result in gasoline savings likely to outweigh upfront investments and the constraints on vehicle utilization that it creates. Moreover, we find that easily implementable heuristics can capture some of these benefits, and that the integration of vehicle utilization patterns into the design of EV/PHEV deployment strategies can result in added benefits.