The political economy of the United States policy in Southern Africa

Conclusion Former Secretary of State Kissinger’s policies towards and maneuvers in southern Africa must be examined within the context of America’s global strategy and imperialist objectives. As in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America, the United States aims at giving South Africa sufficient support so that she can play a policing role in southern Africa, if not in sub-Sahara Africa as a whole. This is what the Nixon-Kissinger Doctrine called for. It argued that the Western countries must now establish a decentralized, global system of defense. This article was originally published inRBPE, Spring 1977 (vol. 7, no. 3).     

对哲学自由与政治自由关系的辨析

我国学术界通常将自由分为两个并列的方面，即哲学自由和政治自由。实际上，自由就其表现形式而言，应该具有一般自由和具体自由两个不同的层次。一般自由是具体自由的抽象，并贯穿于具体自由之中。一般自由即哲学自由，而具体自由即各个领域中存在的自由（包括政治自由）。     

中国——东盟经济一体化初探

文章就中国－－东盟经济一体化的现实需要，贸易效应、阶段目标和具体障碍等方面进行了探讨。     

Jobs and Freedom Now! Functional Finance, Full Employment, and the Freedom Budget

Forty-five years ago, the A. Philip Randolph Institute issued ??The Freedom Budget,?? in which a program for economic transformation was proposed that included a job guarantee for everyone ready and willing to work, a guaranteed income for those unable to work or those who should not be working, and a living wage to lift the working poor out of poverty. Such policies were supported by a host of scholars, civic leaders, and institutions, including the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; indeed, they provided the cornerstones for King??s ??Poor Peoples?? Campaign?? and ??economic bill of rights.?? This paper proposes a ??New Freedom Budget?? for full employment based on the principles of functional finance. To counter a major obstacle to such a policy program, the paper includes a ??primer?? on three paradigms for understanding government budget deficits and the national debt: the deficit hawk, deficit dove, and functional finance perspectives. Finally, some of the benefits of the job guarantee are outlined, including the ways in which the program may serve as a vehicle for a variety of social policies.     

良心自由与言论自由的法哲学思考

良心自由指个体心灵的内在判断、反思和评价免受他者的干涉，言论自由指不受阻碍地表达自己的观点、看法与态度；二者相与表里。这两类权利，近现代主要地是通过“功利”与“天赋权利”两大理论武器而争取到的。但是在应该享有怎样限度的良心自由与言论自由问题上，功利主义’的论证存有根本的矛盾，而天赋权利论更为成功。     

区港合一与厦门港城经济发展

区港合一指的是保税区、港口码头作业区实行一体化运作,在货物监管上采取一线放开、二线管住、区内宽松的自由贸易模式。按照构想,在厦门实行区、港合一,主要是充分利用象屿保税区坐落在东渡港区、区内无居民而便于实行隔离监管的优势,将象屿保税区与东渡港区进行组合,形成一体     

Freedom and International Migration

Economic and political freedoms are regressed on a bilateral cross section of international migrant stocks using ordinary least squares and Tobit techniques. A positive relationship between these variables is found. Economic freedom is statistically significant even when controlling for income per capita and political freedom. In addition, the impact of these freedoms on migration flows into OECD countries between 2001 and 2006 using fixed effects estimations is analyzed. The panel data analysis mostly corroborates the cross‐sectional analysis. The notable exception is that political freedom appears to have had a negative impact on migration flows during this period.     

市场经济与区域经济合作

进入新世纪以来，经济全球化的浪潮带动了建立在地区经济合作基础上的区域经济一体化的迅猛发展。推进以“珠三角”为龙头的区域经济合作，尽快消除各种不利区域经济合作的障碍，建立健全“泛珠三角”地区内之间的区域经济合作与发展，走区域经济一体化道路，具有重大的时代意义和深远的战略意义。     

宏观经济冲击与经济熵

宏观经济体系是一个几率支配的非决定论的复杂巨系统,只存在最可几分布,而不能准确预测。如果没有外部输入,宏观经济体系就会逐渐陷于无序和混乱。作为序参量,经济熵反映了经济系统的有序程度。经济冲击带给宏观经济的熵流为正值,这种熵流及其造成的经济损失可以通过给定公式计算出来。     

Economic Freedom and Unemployment around the World

Using data from 87 countries and the years 1980-2003, this paper empirically analyzes whether and to what extent economic freedom affects unemployment. According to the regression results, economic freedom is likely to substantially reduce unemployment, especially among women and young people. A small government sector and a legal system characterized by an independent judiciary, impartial courts, and an effective protection of property rights most clearly seem to have beneficial effects. In addition, there are indications that freedom to trade across national boundaries and a light regulatory burden may also lower unemployment, though apparently in the long term only.     

Labor market differentiation in a developing economy: An example from urban Juba,Southern Sudan

This study focuses on the nature and determinants of labor market differentiation and household-level poverty in urban Juba, Southern Sudan, using data collected in a recent sample survey of enterprises. It finds that indices of human capital play a significant role in labor market outcomes but imperfections in the product and capital markets lead to a highly skewed distribution of income. Demographic factors at the household level are also important in accounting for economic status. The paper concludes that income differentiation and poverty are much more diverse than the simple formal-informal sector dichotomy of the labor market, which is frequently found in the literature, would predict.     

Stakeholding and the local economy

During the 1980s local economic policy became an issue of major political concern. The polarisation of the New Right market-led strategies advanced by the Thatcher governments and the New Left-inspired counter-response, typified by the last years of the GLC, reflected the tenor of national political and economic debates at the time. Arguably, in the 10 years since the abolition of the GLC, local economic development has been devoid (some might say spared) of any “big idea” arising from wider political debates. Recently, however, there have been signs that a new political direction may be emerging at the national level with significant implications for local economic policy. That direction is the notion of stakeholding.     

基地经济与港口经济互动研究

上个世纪90年代中期以来,世界制造业开始了以专业化资产重组,实现核心技术与关联产业联合创造价值为特征的第三次结构调整.与此相适应的世界制造业大转移和跨国公司大并购与强重组,造就了一批世界级的制造业基地,并由此而引发了进入新世纪以来的基地经济研究热潮.而如何将基地经济与港口经济的海洋通道区位优势、产业聚集规模经济效应和比较利益要素进行整合,形成双向互动和共同释放新时期要素功能的发展优势,是实现新世纪前20年我国外贸出口翻两番的重要战略选择,是入世新时期缩短我国外贸出口方式新旧交替过程的根本途径,也是我国沿海地区在新世纪率先走新型工业化道路、全面建设小康社会要研究的重要课题.     

自由的法律与法律的自由

自由的法律和法律的自由是法伦理研究的重要内容。关于自由的法律，主要研究法律的自由价值支撑及对法律的自由评判；关于法律的自由，主要探讨法律对自由的规范和保障功能。法律和自由在价值层面上共存互补、相得益彰，实现具体的、历史的统一。     

贸易自由化与贸易保护

<正>一、贸易自由化的概念贸易自由化—国对外国商品和服务的进口所采取的限制性逐步减少,为进口商品提供贸易便利的过程或结果。它表现为进口关税率从比较高的水平逐步调到比较低的水平。同时表现为非关税壁垒或关税以外贸易障碍的逐步减少或消除。从     

新经济:基于传统产业的思考

信息费用的降低和全新的技术、产品创新机制是推动新经济到来和支撑新经济发展的本质因素。在此基础上 ,各产业部门的生产率普遍地提高 ,社会生产力的发展得到源源不断的推进力 ,市场空间由于信息费用的降低和新产品的面世而被不断地拓展 ,社会经济因此在整体上获得了持续、强     

文化经济与旅游经济发展关系分析

长期以来,人们往往过多的关注旅游的经济性方面的研究而常常忽视其文化性的一面,本文试图从文化与旅游的关系来唤起人们对于旅游经济发展文化方面的关注和研究。     

政府转型、循环经济和经济增长

循环经济是中国经济发展的必然选择;发展循环经济要求政府职能相应由经济建设为主向公共服务为主转变,履行服务职能,加强政策引导,完善法律支持,发展民主经济,改进政绩考核,优化社会环境;发展循环经济,应以政府为主导,优化整体思路,从企业、区域、社会各层面,根据我国经济社会发展阶段,分步实施,总体推进。