共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The paper studies the effects of fiscal expansion on the Japanese labor market. First, using a structural VAR model, we find that the unemployment rate falls and employment rises following an increase in government spending. We also find that fiscal expansion affects flows in and out of unemployment. While an increase in government spending increases the job-finding rate, it reduces the separation rate. We then incorporate search and matching frictions into a standard dynamic general equilibrium model, and study whether the model can explain what we observed in data. While the model fails to predict the exact size of the impact of government spending shocks on the Japanese labor market variables, it can consistently capture the empirical pattern of responses of labor market variables to shocks. 相似文献
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Notwithstanding a smaller share of total loans vis-à-vis commercial banks, we investigate a possible role of Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in propagating a real shock to the rest of the economy. Our two-sector model captures emerging economy characteristics such as NBFC borrowings from commercial banks, heterogeneities in financial constraints, and labour market friction faced by firms. Our theoretical and simulation results, using Indian parameters, indicate that an idiosyncratic shock (i.e., higher realization of the failed firms) and a sectoral productivity shock (in the sector financed by NBFCs) increase the interest rate charged by the banks, and the unemployment rate while reducing the real wages and per capita capital formation. However, the reverse happens given a structural shock, assumed as an increase in the average number of failed firms. Early detection of such shocks and quick policy intervention are required to provide a cushion for capital formation and job creation. 相似文献
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随着我国城市化的进程加速,建筑业劳动力需求的绝对数量和相对比重趋于增加;而随着"刘易斯拐点"的到来以及新生代农民工对建筑业就业倾向的下降,建筑业的劳动力供给和其他行业具有明显的竞争关系;这决定了我国建筑业劳动力的工资水平较高且将持续上升。建筑业劳动力市场的这种变化趋势会促使大型建筑企业经营模式从施工总承包向工程总承包转变,促使中小型企业向专业化方向转变,并最终提高市场集中度。 相似文献
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Using matched employer-employee survey data from China, this paper examines the relationship between grandparental childcare and female labor market behaviors based on within-firm estimations. Our analysis reveals that grandparental childcare can significantly and effectively improve the labor supply of women with children at the extensive margin although not at the intensive margin. Moreover, grandparental childcare is found to enhance the monthly earnings of working mothers without requiring more intensive work. Grandparental childcare can also assist working mothers in advancing to managerial positions. These results suggest that the discrimination by firms against women with children is reduced and their productivity is improved when grandparental childcare is available. Therefore, grandparental childcare plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality and various measures should be implemented to eliminate factors that hinder the effective utilization of grandparental childcare. 相似文献
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We incorporate sectoral job separation rates in a small open economy model to examine the Balassa-Samuelson (B-S) effect. Unequal separation rates give rise to compensating wage differentials. We simulate the model for Japan and replicate a feature of its economy that the nontradeables sector has higher wages and a higher separation rate compared to the tradeables sector. With productivity growth in the tradeables sector, labour moves from the tradeables sector to the nontradeables sector if tradeables and nontradeables are complements in consumption. The B-S effect is dampened. With a higher separation rate in the nontradeables sector, higher wages in the nontradeables sector amplifies this labour movement. Nevertheless, unemployment always falls due to a positive income effect. In contrast, the effect of productivity growth in the nontradeables sector is to lower the real exchange rate and raise unemployment. 相似文献
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文章从经济和历史两个维度,分析了中国特殊劳动关系下的工会工作,阐述了重视并加强工会工作的必要性和现实性,以及在对待工会问题上所存在的一些缺憾和亟待解决的问题。从而折射出中国特色市场经济条件下工会工作的现实复杂性与艰巨性,进而推演出新形势下工会组织的准确定位与工作思路:从企业的国际性发展规律和社会的实际需要来理顺劳资关系;提高工会干部的综合素质是理顺劳动关系的根本。 相似文献
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日本国内市场狭小 ,市场需求十分有限 ,因此 ,第二次世界大战结束后 ,日本企业积极拓展海外市场。本文即是对日本公司拓展海外市场的方式进行介绍和分析 相似文献
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Exploiting annual information on the work status of female workers from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), this paper examines how an individual’s job status immediately after graduation, referred to as “first job,” matters for his/her future job career. Using the ratio of regular employees in the labor force in the year preceding an individual’s graduation as an instrument for the first-job status (i.e., regular job or not), we confirm that even for women, whose retention rates are lower than those of men because of marriage and childbirth, individuals’ first-job status has a significant effect on their job status in the future. We further find that the effect gradually declines over the years and effectively disappears around 10 years after graduation. Finally, we find that the first-job effect is reversible: no negative effect of failing to obtain a regular job at graduation is observed if an individual can secure regular employment within a reasonable time period after graduation. 相似文献
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地处皖西地区的六安市是一个人口大市、农业大市,在农业剩余劳动力转移问题上表现得尤为滞后与迟缓。影响因素主要有转移主体的素质制约、庞大的人口基数、转移过程的社会环境制约等。为加快皖西地区经济发展,促进农业剩余劳动力转移,一是大力开展职业技能培训;二是大力发展乡镇企业;三是加快城镇化的进程:四是加快发展农村第三产业;五是设施制度革新,彻底转移农业剩余劳动力。 相似文献
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日本国内市场狭小,市场需求十分有限,因此,第二次世界大战结束后,日本企业积极拓展海外市场。本文即是对日本公司拓展海外市场的方式进行介绍和分析。 相似文献
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Terence Tai-Leung Chong Ying-Chiu Wong Isabel Kit-Ming Yan 《Japan and the World Economy》2008,20(4):601-621
Using daily open-to-close and close-to-open stock prices, this paper examines whether there are any lead–lag relationships between the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the other G7 stock markets. In particular, this paper analyzes whether the movements of other markets in the preceding trading session can be used to formulate profitable strategies to trade in Nikkei. 相似文献
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Guifu Chen Shigeyuki Hamori 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2009,17(4):53-71
Since 2003, China's labor market has been facing two coexisting crises: a rural labor surplus and a severe shortage of migrant labor Using data from the 2000 China Health and Nutrition Survey questionnaire, which covers 288 villages in 36 counties, this paper attempts to find a solution to this dilemma. Specifically, a multinomial logit model, a Mincer- type model and a probit model are applied to examine the effect of educational level on the employment choices for rural laborers, and on the wages and the employment status of migrants. Based on the results of our analysis, we propose the implementation of policy aimed at increasing the educational level of rural dwellers, in conjunction with other policies to eliminate all artificial barriers, to facilitate the migration of rural laborers. 相似文献
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作为一种新型商业模式,特许经营极大的促进了现代商业的发展。但特许经营产生的原因尚无统一定论。文章从企业规模化扩张的角度出发,提出特许经营模式产生的一个新解释,即特许经营模式产生的原动力源自于企业规模化扩张之前,企业凭借现有资源为不断扩张的市场服务,在资源调用能力与市场规模匹配的过程中,为保持平均客户资源含量,企业逐步走向外向联盟并实现优势弹性资源的归核化。在此基础上,经过演变最终导致现代特许经营模式的产生。 相似文献
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我国制度变迁中的劳动力市场分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尽管我国的就业体制已经基本由过去的计划配置转向市场经济的市场配置,然而,传统经济体制下制度的路径依赖效应仍然对劳动力市场的一体化进程产生阻碍,极大地制约着我国劳动力资源比较优势的发挥,影响资源配置效率. 相似文献
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内部劳动力市场、就业惯性与农业贡献弱化——对“民工荒”的一个解释 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章从劳动力市场要素变化和劳动者就业惯性着手,建立了一个新的分析视角,分析了“民工荒”产生的原因,提出了解决策略。文章通过数据分析得出如下结论:我国东部地区“民工荒”产生的原因,一是中部地区的重新崛起使中部农村剩余劳动力就地跨行业转移,从而减少就业惯性阻力;二是内部劳动力市场的变化加强了就业惯性力量。 相似文献
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家庭作为社会经济生活的最小单位,继Becker的开创性研究之后,成为经济学研究的新领域。对于婚姻的研究不仅涉及到微观个体的选择及福祉,而且也通过影响人力资本积累、收入分配等影响社会不平等。通过梳理婚姻的匹配模型、婚姻的形成方式、婚姻带来的转移支付以及婚姻的解体,文章对相关研究进行了综述。并立足于我国婚姻是两个家庭之间的联姻这种特有现象,结合我国目前劳动力流动和城市化带来的经济发展背景下,由于户籍导致的城乡分割引致的特有的婚姻匹配模式,对于未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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劳动合约签订是劳动保护的重要形式,但我国农民工劳动合约签订率却只是在2008年《劳动合同法》实施后有暂时较大幅度的上扬,此后随时间推移却几近停滞。文章以劳动力市场分割和产业分割框架为基础,构建了不同劳动力市场特征和产业组织特征组合的四象限分析框架,探讨了不同象限中劳动合约的运行机制,并结合我国边缘产业和农民工现状,就劳动合约签订问题建立了一个简单的博弈模型。分析得出,在边缘产业与次级劳动力市场的组合下,农民工劳动合约签订存在着组织失灵、市场失灵和政府失灵三重困境,这是我国农民工劳动合同签约率停滞不前的主要原因。文章最后提出了相应的结论和政策建议。 相似文献
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基于空间计量模型,使用中国省级层面数据探究劳动力市场扭曲程度和贸易依存度对地区全要素生产率的影响.研究结果表明,劳动力市场扭曲抑制了地区经济增长,贸易开放水平对经济发展有着正向促进作用.对比中国不同区域可以发现,东部地区在劳动力市场与国际贸易市场上发展较为完善,中西部地区还需缓和中西部地区农业部门与非农部门的劳动力市场不平衡、增加贸易对外开放程度、增加企业自主研发等方式来提升地区全要素生产率. 相似文献