Agglomeration and location of foreign direct investment: The case of China

This paper investigates the effect of agglomeration on foreign direct investment (FDI) location in China. We use different measures of agglomeration, and test both within and across region agglomeration effect. The results suggest that urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry diversity have positive impact on FDI location. Urbanization, foreign-specific agglomeration and industry specialization, also significantly promote industrial FDI. The results also suggest there exist both within and across region agglomeration effects. Other factors including market size, wage, education, road density, government policy and trade cost also have significant impacts on FDI location.     

Agglomeration Effects versus Policy Effects: The Case of the Electronics Industry in Malaysia

The present study analyses investments within the Malaysian electronics industry in 1991 to assess the effectiveness of development policy in light of strong agglomeration effects in the electronics industry. We find that agglomeration and the use of industrial estates as development policy have had positive effects on firms' location choice. However, agglomeration has a much larger effect than industrial estates. In addition, we find that the marginal effect of industrial estates is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration. This suggests that improvement of problems of regional inequality by industry estates would be very difficult in reality.     

Regional Characteristics,Industry Agglomeration and Location Choice: Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Investments in Korea*

Using extensive firm‐level data for the years 1998–2006, we analyze the regional location decision of Japanese manufacturing foreign direct investors in Korea by focusing on the role of agglomeration economies. Our logit estimates indicate that horizontal agglomeration matters in the location decision, but vertical agglomeration does not. Strong evidence of country‐of‐origin effects is found. Japanese foreign direct investments in high‐technology industries show a typical ‘follow‐the‐leader’ pattern, while those in the in low‐technology industries are influenced by regional endowments. In addition, Japan's high‐technology firms are likely to prefer urban locations so that they can enjoy the externalities of business services.     

Is Exporting a Source of Productivity Spillovers?

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants in the same industry and on plants in vertically related industries. Using data for Chilean manufacturing plants from 1990 to 1999, we find strong evidence that domestic as well as foreign-owned exporting plants improve productivity of local suppliers. We also find some evidence of horizontal spillovers from exporting but these are mainly generated by plants with foreign ownership. These results suggest that positive productivity spillovers are not only generated by the presence of foreign-owned exporting plants but also by exporting activity of domestic firms. The results are robust to controls for agglomeration of economic activity, the importance of non-exporting foreign-owned plants, and plant unobserved heterogeneity. JEL no.  F10, F23, O3, O54     

企业区位选择与空间集聚的博弈分析

针对完全竞争市场条件下无法从企业的区位选择导出空间集聚的问题,本文对Hotelling模型进行了扩展,并运用博弈论的思想对企业的空间分布和集聚情况进行了分析.在Hotelling模型基础上,是否考虑集聚收益对企业空间分布产生重要影响:不存在集聚收益下的企业选择只取决于消费者偏好;但是考虑集聚收益后,企业的空间集聚不仅取决于消费者偏好,而且商品价格、运费率、集聚强度和消费者收入均会产生重要影响.     

江苏省制造业集聚水平及其与经济增长关系评价

采用区位商对江苏省2002—2011年间28个制造业集聚程度进行测度,发现纺织业等13个产业集聚水平较高,且集聚程度在不断增强。运用熵值法对江苏省13个集聚产业做综合评价,构建产业集聚综合评价与经济增长的计量模型。结果发现：江苏省13个制造业空间集聚对省域经济增长相关性显著。     

基于多元回归模型的中国旅游收入影响因素研究

目前我国旅游业处于重要战略机遏期,探究我国旅游收入的影响因素对保持其平稳较快增长的发展极为重要。通过建立国内和国际的旅游收入多元回归模型,对1992-2011年中国旅游业的相关数据进行对比分析。结果表明,旅游饭店是国内和国际旅游收入共有的影响因素;而国际航线是影响国际旅游收入的主要因素;同时验证了其他研究中提出的国内旅游人数和人均可支配收入对国内旅游收入存在显著正向影响的观点;在发展变化上,国内旅游从传统观光型向现代多样型转变,而国际旅游则形成游客多国性和地域广阔性之势。最后,提出建立旅游产业体系、刺激旅游消费等增加中国旅游收入的对策建议。     

Taxes, Agglomeration Rents and Location Decisions of Firms

The goal of this paper is to analyze the individual impact of tax rates and agglomeration rents as well as their interaction on location decisions of manufacturing firms within Belgium. Theoretically, both location determinants may weaken each other’s impact. Using a unique 10-year dataset concerning the number of newly setup manufacturing firms at the sector level for 43 Belgian districts, we show that local effective tax rates have a negative impact on location decisions. Moreover, location-specific supply-side agglomeration rents attract new firms and their impact appears to be even stronger for more spatially concentrated sectors. Finally, we show that a higher effective tax rate in a district does not necessarily deter new firms in more agglomerated districts, pointing to the existence of taxable location-specific agglomeration rents.     

An empirical analysis of contracting by Chinese firms

Why do firms use formal contracts or relational contracts with their business partners? The paper uses survey data based on a large number of Chinese firms to uncover some important factors for why and when formal contracts or relational contracts are used. This study identifies geographical location as an important factor in affecting Chinese firms' contracting decisions. We find that a firm is more likely to use formal contracts with its clients and suppliers if they are located in a city different from the firm's main business location. We also find that larger (smaller) firms tend to adopt formal (relational) contracts. However, while the number of clients has a negative impact on a firm's adoption of formal contracts with its clients, the number of suppliers has a positive impact on its adoption of formal contracts with the suppliers.     

Agglomeration and Welfare with Heterogeneous Preferences

This paper constructs a model of endogenous location of entrepreneurs with preference heterogeneity between individuals. Two main results are found. First, agglomeration and partial dispersion can be simultaneously stable but preference heterogeneity reduces the possibility of multiple equilibria. Secondly, measuring individual welfare in terms of equivalent income we show that in the case of agglomeration, the worst-off workers would prefer a dispersed equilibrium.     

Productivity and Labor Density: Agglomeration Effects over Time

This paper studies whether agglomeration benefits a clustering region through increased labor productivity by uniquely analyzing agglomeration effects in ecology oriented industries in Kitakyushu, Japan. Our empirical model further extends previous work by introducing a time dimension into the analysis. This enables us to incorporate technological progress and isolate the impact of interest rates on productivity. The past literature has not isolated these effects. Since our model explores whether higher productivity results from increased density over time, it provides policy implications, such as on the effects of labor immigrants and on aging communities.     

焦作市区位条件与中原城市群一体化研究

焦作市是中原城市群的重要组成部分,加快与中原城市群一体化发展十分迫切。本文在分析焦作区位条件的基础上,提出了促进焦作融入中原城市群的建议。     

要素流动对长三角地区产业协同集聚的影响研究

利用2007—2017年长三角地区数据,通过区位熵构建制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚指数,同时建立表示劳动力流动、资本流动以及技术扩散的变量,通过差分GMM来估计变量之间的关系。结果发现,在选择的年份当中,初始协同集聚程度会影响后续的产业协同集聚程度,同时劳动力流动以及技术扩散均会促进协同集聚程度,资本流动会给协同集聚带来负向影响。     

公共政策影响中国地区工业集聚了吗？——来自省级数据的证据

既有研究表明,政府政策对产业集聚存在显著影响。而在转轨期中国,政府政策行为涉及财税政策、产业政策、土地政策、公共服务政策,以及部分地区政府直接参与地方经济的投资活动等多样化内容形式。通过考察中国现阶段地区工业集聚呈现的新特点,即地区工业集聚差距呈现先扩大后缩小、地区工业集聚程度降低态势;探讨政府差异化的政策行为对中国地区工业集聚的内在影响;并基于2003-2011年省际面板数据予以实证。研究发现：不同的政府政策对中国工业集聚的影响不同;对外开放政策、产业政策、公共服务政策有利于地区工业集聚;财政政策对地区工业集聚存在负向作用;而土地政策以及东部沿海地区虚拟变量和直辖市虚拟变量,对地区工业集聚发挥的作用并不显著。     

战略性新兴产业空间集聚测度及影响因素分析——以安徽省为例

基于地理经济学理论,选取2012—2020年安徽省16个地市面板数据,运用空间基尼系数、区位熵、空间自相关分析对战略性新兴产业集聚的空间效应及演化特征进行测度,进一步构建空间计量模型,实证探究影响战略性新兴产业空间集聚的主要因素。研究结果表明：安徽省各区域战略性新兴产业空间集聚存在明显的负空间相关性,且整体集聚水平较低,两极格局明显;从计量结果来看,产业关联性、人力资本、对外开放程度以及政府支出对安徽省战略性新兴产业空间集聚的发展影响显著。最后,依据研究结果,对促进安徽省战略性新兴产业集聚发展提出政策建议。     

高新技术产业时空格局演变及影响因素——河南省电子及通信设备制造业的实证分析

基于河南省18个地市电子及通信设备制造业产值、企业数量、从业人员等统计数据,利用空间基尼系数、产业动态集聚指数等指标对河南省电子及通信设备制造业的空间集聚度进行测定和分析,并通过构建多元线性回归模型检验网络基础设施、创新支撑条件、制度因素对其空间集聚的影响.结果表明:研究时段内,河南省电子及通信设备制造业的空间集聚度呈上升态势;在空间上主要集中于郑州、洛阳、新乡、许昌等中原城市群核心城市;网络基础设施、创新支撑条件、经济制度环境对河南省电子及通信设备制造业的空间集聚有显著影响.     

中国制造业集聚机制再研究——基于内生交易成本视角

论文将内生交易成本嵌入到新经济地理模型中,分析内生交易成本对企业生产区位选择的作用机理,以此阐明区域制度安排通过内生交易成本作用于产业集聚形成与变迁的微观机制。论文以中国制造业地域分布为分析对象,实证分析以内生交易成本为基础的制度安排对产业集聚的影响。研究表明:内生交易成本是企业选择生产区位的重要因素,在地区的外生交易成本、地区支出水平和市场规模一定的条件下,内生交易成本的降低,有助于促使企业向该地区迁移并加快产业在该地区的集聚;一个地区对生产者保护程度越高、投资政策越宽松、贸易政策越自由、劳动力流动管制越少以及企业融资越便利,越能吸引制造业整体向该地区迁移与集聚。因此,为了加快现代工业化进程和促进区域之间的协调发展,必须发挥"内生比较优势"和"外生比较优势"的双重效应,促进产业的"双向转移与集聚",优化本国产业的空间结构。     

技术扩散条件下的产业集群研究

本文首次在圆周城市模型的假定下．研究了技术扩散条件下的厂商地址选择问题。在没有技术进步的条件下，厂商选择离散的地址设厂，不可能形成产业集群；在有技术进步和技术溢出的条件下，如果一个厂商进行研究开发而另一个厂商选择搭便车，则不存在厂址选择的对称纯策略均衡，也不可能形成产业集群；如果两个厂商都进行研究开发，且存在技术的互补性，则产业集群肯定可以形成。     

小洲文化创意产业集聚区空间组织

小洲村作为广东著名的古村落,目前已自发集聚了许多画廊、艺术家工作室和美术培训机构等,其文化创意产业集聚区的雏形已经显现。本文剖析了小洲文化创意产业集聚区的外生空间,即对于广州市的创意产业发展现状和海珠区的创意产业发展特征进行剖析,用以说明小洲村创意产业发展的外部背景和条件;并且从区位条件、经济发展水平、发展历程和空间结构剖析小洲村文化创意产业集聚区的内生空间。     

功能分工对区域一体化发展的影响研究——以山东半岛城市群为例

通过利用城市功能分工指数和行业区位商的方法衡量山东半岛城市群内部功能分工水平。研究发现：以济南和青岛为核心、以其余14市为边缘城市的分工格局较为显著;济南、青岛、聊城、日照和菏泽在山东半岛城市群中体现生产服务功能,而其余城市在城市群中展现生产制造功能;山东半岛城市群生产服务功能较为分散,易形成同质化竞争,致使核心城市竞争力变弱;多个城市的功能分工与发展规划内容不符,不利于山东半岛城市群的区域一体化发展。