湖北省人民生活质量的现状及问题

随着温饱问题的基本解决和买方市场的形成，作为社会主义经济发展的根本目的和扩大有效需求从而促进经济发展的重要手段，提高人民生活质量已成为新的历史条件下的重要课题。本文试图通过收入水平和消费水平、人们自身的综合素质、人们生活的自然环境和社会环境、社会保障和社会福利诸方面，对我省人民生活质量的现状和问题作一初步的分析，以期引起社会各界的重视。     

航空运输业环境外部成本治理研究

通过总结国内外航空运输业环境外部成本治理的研究,以庇古理论和排污权交易理论作为航空运输业环境外部成本治理的理论基础,分析航空运输业最优环境污染水平,提出采取政府直接管制、环境污染收费和排污权交易制度治理航空运输业环境外部成本。     

论可持续运输及发展铁路的潜力

可持续发展,对交通运输的发展提出了新的要求,为此,应明确交通运输可持结发展应遵循的原则,通过外部成本内部化及可持续的运输政策,实现对铁路价值的重新认定,在我国的交通运输体系中应以铁路为主动脉,积极发展高速铁路,公路,水运,管道,航空均衡发展,协调配合,以达到较高运输效率和较低社会成本,促进经济社会的可持续发展。     

铁路建设与城市环境

铁路作为现代重要交通运输方式,在国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用,同时也不可避免的对环境造成一定影响。铁路应与城市建设协调发展,保护城市环境、防治铁路污染。     

构建交通运输业环境会计信息的思考

论述了环境会计信息构建的兴起与发展,对交通运输业构建环境会计信息的必要性、组成内容及信息的披露方式进行了初步探讨。     

浅议交通运输业的环境成本核算

传统交通运输业的会计信息中缺乏环境成本的内容,造成会计信息失真。实施环境成本核算是现代交通运输业可持续发展的必然需求,交通运输业的环境成本通常包括自然资源消耗成本、环境修复成本、环境破坏成本、环境管理成本、环保机会成本等内容;环境成本的确认以及是否资本化,则应根据具体情况加以分析和判断,并设置相应的环境成本会计科目并进行核算。     

质量成本——高速公路质量管理新概念

高速公路以其资源投入量大、涉及面广、见效快．在国民经济发展中发挥举足轻重的作用。质量管理是高速公路建设工程的三大目标管理之一，在整个高速公路建设管理体系中具有十分突出的地位，研究如何提高其管理成效对于提高高速公路建设工程整体效率、效益具有重要意义。     

我国运输外部成本计算分析

交通运输外部成本主要包括噪声、空气污染、全球变暖、拥堵、事故成本等。研究借鉴国内外计算方法和相关研究成果,形成在现有条件下适合我国国情的一套计算方法,并计算得出一部分运输外部成本。     

质量成本管理的再研究

由于质量成本管理在指导企业改进质量、降低成本、提高效益等方面具有极其重要的意义,因而,近些年来质量成本管理在许多企业,特别是欧、美、日国家中得到广泛的推行,获得了很好的效果。在我国,质量成本管理尚处于刚刚起步阶段,也正是处于美国著名质量专家朱兰(Ｊ·Ｍ·Ｊｕｒａｎ)所形容的“挖掘矿中黄金”的阶段。因此,目前在我国企业中推行质量成本管理定会在降低成本、提高效益方面获得巨大的收益。在对质量成本管理的理论研究方面,自20世纪60年代费根堡姆(美)提出“质量成本”概念以来,经过各国专家们几十年的努力,至今已经形成了一套比…     

铁路建设工程质量管理规定

第一章总则第一条为加强铁路建设工程质量管理,保证铁路建设工程质量,保护人民生命和财产安全,依据国家有关法律法规,制定本规定。第二条凡在中华人民共和国境内从事铁路建设工程新建、扩建、改建等有关活动及实施对铁路建设工程质量监督管理的,必须遵守本规定。第三条从事铁路     

Public bicycle as a feeder mode to rail transit in China: The role of gender,age, income,trip purpose,and bicycle theft experience

A marriage between public bicycle and rail transit presents new opportunities for sustainable transportation in Chinese cities. To examine determinants of public bicycle usage for rail transit access, an intercept survey of feeder mode choice among rail transit users was conducted near rail stations in Nanjing, China. Mode choice models were estimated with five feeder mode alternatives, including car, bus, walk, private bike, and public bike. By differentiating between public and private bicycle modes in the mode choice models, the study reveals the effects of personal demographics, trip characteristics, and station environments on public bicycle usage for rail transit access. Results show that female, older, and low-income rail commuters are less likely to use public bicycle to access rail transit. Rail commuters with bicycle theft experience and making school- or work-related trips are more likely to use public bicycle to access rail transit. Land use variables are largely insignificant in this study except that density shows a positive relationship with walking to rail transit. The results on demographic differences raise equity concerns when it comes to investing in public bicycle systems. Policy implications are discussed for Chinese cities to equitably boost public bicycle integration with rail transit.     

Sustainable transportation and quality of life

We consider the continuing increase in the use and density of automobiles (more vehicles with fewer people in them travelling greater distances over proportionally shorter roads) in relation to transportation sustainability and quality of life. The social dilemma perspective views this trend as the outcome of an unfortunate preference for short-term gains by car users at the cost of long-term losses to society. Approaches to measuring quality of life, its relation to sustainable transport alternatives, and the potential implications for informing policy, are considered.     

Multi-city exploration of built environment and transit mode use: Comparison of Melbourne,Amsterdam and Boston

The built environment is an important determinant of travel demand and mode choice. Establishing the relationship between the built environment and transit use using direct models can help planners predict the impact of neighborhood-level changes, that are otherwise overlooked. However, limited research has compared the impacts of the built environment for different networks and for individual transit modes.This paper addresses this gap by developing built environment and transit use models for three multimodal networks, Amsterdam, Boston and Melbourne, using a consistent methodology. A sample of train, tram and bus sites with similar station-area built environments are selected and tested to establish if impacts differ by mode. It is the first study that develops neighborhood-level indicators for multiple locations using a consistent approach.This study compares results for ordinary least squares regression and two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression to examine the impact of transit supply endogeneity on results. Instrumented values are derived for bus and tram frequency in Melbourne and bus frequency in Boston. For other mode and city combinations, the 2SLS approach is less effective at removing endogeneity.Results confirm that different associations exist between the built environment and transit modes, after accounting for mode location bias, and that this is true in multiple networks. Local access and pedestrian connectivity are more important for bus use than other modes. Tram is related to commercial density. This finding is consistent for all samples. Land use mix and bicycle connectivity also tend to be associated with higher tram use. Train use is highest where opportunities exist to transfer with bus. Population density is commonly linked to ridership, but its significance varies by mode and network.More research is needed to understand the behavioral factors driving modal differences to help planners target interventions that result in optimal integration of land use with transit modes.     

The indirect effect of the built environment on travel mode choice: A focus on recent movers

Many studies have demonstrated that the built environment has a strong impact on people's travel mode choice. However, the built environment also influences elements such as travel distance and car ownership, which might be the true predictors of which travel modes are chosen. In this study, we analyse the effects of changes in residential neighbourhood on changes in travel mode (for commute trips and leisure trips), both directly and indirectly through changes in car ownership, travel distances and travel attitudes. This study applies a structural equation modelling approach using quasi-longitudinal data from 1650 recently relocated residents in the city of Ghent, Belgium. Results indicate that the built environment has strong direct effects on active leisure trips and car use. However, distance (for car use) and attitudes (for active travel) were found to be important mediating variables. In sum, the effect of the built environment on travel mode choice might be more complex than commonly assumed as it partly seems mediated by travel distance and travel attitudes.     

Analysis of mobility impacts of the high speed Rome-Naples rail link using withinday dynamic mode service choice models

The decrease in travel times, the better quality of the supplied services and the improved accessibility are the main factors of success of High Speed Rail links.In this paper, evidence of the impacts of the High Speed Rail line between Rome and Naples in Italy will be provided on the basis of a survey which was carried out in March 2008.A Revealed Preference (RP) survey was undertaken by Trenitalia (the Commercial Division of Italian railways) and three different questionnaires were prepared to be submitted to car users, Intercity train users and High Speed train users. They all have in common questions concerning the socioeconomic characteristics of the users, questions related to the existence of possible time constraints for the trip undertaken and questions concerning previous travel choices.Data from Trenitalia highlighted that the use of car and of Intercity trains had almost remained unchanged during the few years of operation of the High Speed service. However, a generated demand was derived from the use of this High Speed Rail link and this means that the introduction of the High Speed service between Rome and Naples probably had impacts, as excepted, on mobility choices (i.e. increase in trip frequency, new trips never done before, etc.). Data gathered were used first of all to understand this phenomenon and then to estimate a mode choice model to reproduce/forecast modal share. Specifically the choice between car and rail was modelled through a schedule based approach and with a Nested Logit model with the “train” utility function including late and early penalties.     

Mobility of older people and their quality of life

Population ageing will give rise to a substantial increase in the numbers of older people in society. Quality of life in old age is related to mobility, although the relationship is not clear, in part because the concept of mobility is not well defined. It is argued that it would be attractive to develop an operational concept of mobility, to allow the measurement of a group of benefits associated with individual movement which extend beyond those normally taken into account in travel and transport economics and modelling. This approach would be particularly worthwhile for investigating the loss of mobility with increasing age and the impact this has on quality of life, and for assessing the impact of measures aimed at enhancing the mobility of older people.     

The effect of the authenticity of the Catholic pilgrimage site on spiritual well-being and quality of life of pilgrims

With the growing interest in spirituality, there has been a corresponding rise in the number of pilgrimages. Modern pilgrims embark on pilgrimages not only for religious purposes but also for their own mental peace and health. To enhance our understanding of this trend we conducted an empirical survey of pilgrims visiting Saenamteo Catholic Martyrs' Shrine, a representative martyrdom site in Korea located on the Seoul Catholic Pilgrimage Route, the first Vatican-designated international pilgrimage site in Asia. The analysis showed that the authenticity of the pilgrimage site impacts both the religious and the existential aspects of spiritual well-being. However, while the existential aspect of spiritual well-being impacted on quality of life, the religious well-being was insignificant. These results indicate that modern pilgrims feel that their happiness and health, rather than their religion directly affects their quality of life.     

The impact of an aircraft's service environment on perceptions of in-flight food quality

Airlines are currently striving to improve the quality and quantity of in-flight food, because research has shown that catering is a key attribute for a customer's satisfaction with airline service quality. But the role of an airline's service environment in forming customer perceptions about food quality has not yet been properly investigated. Using electronic word-of-mouth data from N = 3996 airline passengers, this study deploys a linear regression model at multiple levels to relate perceived in-flight food quality with both the overall service environment and its formative components. The results clearly unveil the importance of an aircraft's service environment on perceived in-flight catering quality; perceptions of food quality are primarily influenced by the quality of cabin staff service, followed by entertainment and seat quality. Instead of continuing with the current practice of signing up top chefs to improve menus, airlines may instead consider putting their management focus on service improvements.     

Hospitality entrepreneurs managing quality of life and business growth

The hospitality industry is dominated by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).They are often led by entrepreneurs who face the challenge of simultaneously managing business decisions and their own wellbeing. The competitiveness of tourism destinations often depends on these entrepreneurs and therefore understanding their motivations and work patterns is critical. Research on individual wellbeing increasingly builds on the concept of quality of life (QoL). Hospitality and tourism literature so far predominantly focused on investigating QoL for tourists and residents, rather than for entrepreneurs’ QoL, even though being key stakeholders in the hospitality industry. Therefore, this study explores the factors influencing hospitality entrepreneurs’ quality of life (“HE-QoL”) and how these relate to business growth. Results of a 380 hospitality entrepreneurs’ survey identify six distinct factors of HE-QoL. Two groups of HE-QoL are identified with significant differences in fitness level activity, entrepreneurial competencies and business growth. Findings lead to recommendations to reduce stress to improve HE-QoL, and to develop entrepreneurial competencies, which help to cope with entrepreneurial challenges. Tourism destinations and politics can support hospitality entrepreneurs in these actions by creating conditions that foster social exchange in regional communities and trust in political and economic stability.     

Weather and rail delays: Analysis of metropolitan rail in Dublin

With changes in the global climate, the occurrence of severe weather events appears to be becoming ever more frequent. As a result of this, vital transport networks are becoming increasingly exposed to disruption or disablement due to weather related incidents. In order to adapt to these changing conditions it is important to gain an understanding of how weather currently impacts transport systems. This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of the impact of weather conditions on the performance of metropolitan commuter rail based upon observations made on the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) rail system. Utilising a dataset comprising daily performance observations for 30 train services operating across the DART network, this research applies a number of multiple regression models to gain an understanding of the role of weather, temporal effects, and resulting interactions, on delays experienced by the network. While research in this area has traditional focused on the impact of single events, this study presents an examination of the role of multiple factors and their interactions. With regard to temporal effects, the largest delays are observed in the last third of the year, with peak delays occurring in November. Delays due to adverse weather conditions are observed, with rain being the primary factor related to poor performance. Interactions between different weather conditions, particularly wind and rain, as well as between weather conditions and the month in which a journey took place were also observed to be significant and resulting in delays to services.