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1.
This article examines whether (1) government intervention causes bribery (or corruption) as rent-seeking theory suggested;
(2) a firm’s perceived benefit partially mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior,
as rational choice/behavior theory suggested; and (3) other firms’ bribing behavior moderates the relationship between government
intervention and a firm’s perceived benefit. Our study shows that government intervention causes bribery/corruption indeed,
but it exerts its effect on bribery/corruption through the firm’s perceived benefit. In other words, a firm’s perceived benefit
fully mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior. We also find that other firms’ bribery
positively moderates the relationship between government intervention and a given firm’s bribery. This study partly proves
that firms are rational actors. Potential benefit encourages them to practice bribery. Besides, this research also supports
the rent-seeking view of bribery/corruption, which argues that government intervention is a source of bribery/corruption.
However, we have also identified that only those government interventions that will create “rent” can cause bribery/corruption. 相似文献
2.
Elena Fraj-Andrés Eva Martinez-Salinas Jorge Matute-Vallejo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):263-286
Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present
day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation
process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context,
environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover,
environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a firm’s competitiveness. However, the
literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms’ results has been inconclusive and contradictory.
In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm’s marketing
strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing
firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms’ operational and commercial performance and
this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy
to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who
affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm’s competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. 相似文献
3.
Economic openness, both in terms of increased international trade exposure and enhanced inter-firm networking, has been a
key element of China’s economic emergence since the implementation of market reforms and the “opening-up policy” over 30 years
ago. Unfortunately, these changes have also coincided with the increased incidence of bribery and corruption. Both in general,
and in the specific context of China, research on the relationship between a firm’s tendency toward openness and its propensity
to engage in bribery is scarce. This study seeks to fill this gap based on empirical evidence provided by a large sample of
Chinese firms. The findings of the study reveal that firms’ increased networking and openness tend to occur contemporaneously
with greater bribery and corruption. We suggest that this may be due to the misuse of guanxi-based networks that coincide
with the presence of firms’ open network strategies, heightened by the potential loss of resource and capability heterogeneity
(and hence reduced competitive advantages) in the context of openness. We further find that firms paying bribes do so as an
attempt to overcome unnecessary bureaucratic processes and ineffective institutional support that might tend to hinder their
development. 相似文献
4.
Relatively little research has examined the effects of ownership on the firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). In addition,
most of it has been conducted in the Western context such as the U.S. and Europe. Using a sample of 118 large Korean firms,
we hypothesize that different types of shareholders will have distinct motivations toward the firm’s CSR engagement. We break
down ownership into different groups of shareholders: institutional, managerial, and foreign ownerships. Results indicate
a significant, positive relationship between CSR ratings and ownership by institutions and foreign investors. In contrast,
shareholding by top managers is negatively associated with firm’s CSR rating while outside director ownership is not significant.
We conclude that different owners have differential impacts on the firm’s CSR engagement. 相似文献
5.
In recent years, firms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities classified as Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR). While an increase in CSR expenditure may be consistent with firm value maximization if it is a response
to changes in stakeholders’ preferences, we argue that a firm’s insiders (managers and large blockholders) may seek to over- invest
in CSR for their private benefit to the extent that doing so improves their reputations as good global citizens and has a
“warm-glow” effect. We test this hypothesis by investigating the relation between firms’ CSR ratings and their ownership and
capital structures. Employing a unique data set that categorizes the largest 3000 U.S. corporations as either socially responsible
(SR) or socially irresponsible (SI), we find that on average, insiders’ ownership and leverage are negatively related to the
firm’s social rating, while institutional ownership is uncorrelated with it. Assuming that higher CSR ratings is associated
with higher CSR expenditure level, these results support our hypothesis that insiders induce firms to over-invest in CSR when
they bear little of the cost of doing so. 相似文献
6.
Xinming Deng 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,107(2):159-181
The response of consumers to a firm’s ethical behavior and the underlying factors influencing/forming each consumer’s response
outcome is analyzed in this article based on information obtained through interviews. The results indicate that, in the Chinese
context, the responding outcome can be boiled down to five types, namely, resistance, questioning, indifference, praise, and
support. Additionally, consumers’ responses were mainly influenced by the specific consumer’s ethical consciousness, ethical
cognitive effort, perception of ethical justice, motivation judgment, institutional rationality, and corporate social responsibility–corporate
ability (CSR–CA) belief. Based on these results, a generalized framework of consumer’s ethical responses is developed which
provides a number of insightful suggestions upon how to motivate a consumer’s support of a firm’s ethical behavior and to
transfer this kind of support into truly positive purchasing behavior. 相似文献
7.
Kevin Bradford Steven Brown Shankar Ganesan Gary Hunter Vincent Onyemah Robert Palmatier Dominique Rouziès Rosann Spiro Harish Sujan Barton Weitz 《Marketing Letters》2010,21(3):239-253
Business-to-business firms are increasingly focusing on building long-term partnering relationships with key customers. Salespeople
are often responsible for managing these relationships. To be effective as relationship managers, salespeople need to be embedded
in both their firm’s and customers’ organizations. They need to have extensive knowledge of their customers’ business and
also know and be able to leverage their firm’s resources to develop offerings tailored to their customers’ needs. Their companies
and sales managers need to use different approaches to manage and support salespeople in this new role. In this paper, we
examine some issues affecting the interfaces between elements of the embedded sales force and suggest some directions for
future research and methods for examining these issues. 相似文献
8.
We present an empirical framework to analyze real-world sales-force compensation schemes, and report on a multi-million dollar,
multi-year project involving a large contact lens manufacturer at the US, where the model was used to improve sales-force
contracts. The model is built on agency theory, and solved using numerical dynamic programming techniques. The model is flexible
enough to handle quotas and bonuses, output-based commission schemes, as well as “ratcheting” of compensation based on past
performance, all of which are ubiquitous in actual contracts. The model explicitly incorporates the dynamics induced by these
aspects in agent behavior. We apply the model to a rich dataset that comprises the complete details of sales and compensation
plans for the firm’s US sales-force. We use the model to evaluate profit-improving, theoretically-preferred changes to the
extant compensation scheme. These recommendations were then implemented at the focal firm. Agent behavior and output under
the new compensation plan is found to change as predicted. The new plan resulted in a 9% improvement in overall revenues,
which translates to about $12 million incremental revenues annually, indicating the success of the field-implementation. The
results bear out the face validity of dynamic agency theory for real-world compensation design. More generally, our results
fit into a growing literature that illustrates that dynamic programming-based solutions, when combined with structural empirical
specifications of behavior, can help significantly improve marketing decision-making, and firms’ profitability. 相似文献
9.
This paper investigates a firm’s equilibrium behavior under product compatibility, product differentiation, and the network
effect. We find that a firm with a higher degree of compatibility has a greater competitive disadvantage due to its higher
spillover effect with other firms. A firm under Cournot competition can increase its demand and profit by decreasing consumers’
subjective belief about the degree of differentiation between products, when the firm’s product compatibility and/or relative
production cost is sufficiently small. When the relative production cost satisfies certain conditions, the principle of maximum
differentiation exists. However, the principle of minimum differentiation never exists. Furthermore, when firms can freely
determine their own compatibility, each firm will choose the lowest degree of compatibility, in contrast to the social optimum
in which both firms choose the highest degree of compatibility. A social dilemma occurs. 相似文献
10.
Chieh-Peng Lin Yuan-Hui Tsai Sheng-Wuu Joe Chou-Kang Chiu 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,105(1):83-93
Drawing on propositions from the signaling theory and expectancy theory, this study hypothesizes that the perceived corporate
citizenship of job seekers positively affects a firm’s attractiveness and career success expectation. This study’s proposed
research hypotheses are empirically tested using a survey of graduating MBA students seeking a job. The empirical findings
show that a firm’s corporate citizenship provides a competitive advantage in attracting job seekers and fostering optimistic
career success expectation. Such findings substantially complement the growing literature arguing that corporate citizenship
brings firms competitive advantages without solid evidence from the perspective of recruitment and human resources. Finally,
managerial implications and limitations of this study are also discussed. 相似文献
11.
Reconciling Corporate Citizenship and Competitive Strategy: Insights
from Economic Theory 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sylvia Maxfield 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,80(2):367-377
Neoclassical and Austrian/evolutionary economic paradigms have different implications for integrating corporate social responsibility
(corporate citizenship) and competitive strategy. Porter’s “Five Forces” model implicitly rests on neoclassical theory of
the firm and is not easily reconciled with corporate social responsibility. Resource-based models of competitive strategy
do not explicitly embrace a particular economic paradigm, but to the extent their conceptualization rests on neoclassical
assumptions such as imperfect factor markets and profits as rents, these models also imply a trade-off between competitive
advantage and corporate social responsibility. Differences in Austrian/evolutionary economic model’s assumptions about equilibrium,
profits, and other economic concepts allow this paradigm to embrace alternative views of strategy such as the activities or
dynamic capabilities views. These alternative views of strategy focus on learning and adaptation; they align more easily with
corporate social responsibility. In practice this alignment comes about because social engagement facilitates the learning
and adaptation that are a source of competitive advantage. Among the many business arguments for CSR such as improved employee
morale/productivity or brand differentiation, this view prioritizes innovation. 相似文献
12.
Matthias Ehrgott Felix Reimann Lutz Kaufmann Craig R. Carter 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,98(1):99-119
Despite the growing public awareness of social sustainability issues, little is known about what drives firms to emphasize
social criteria in their supplier management practices and what the precise benefits of such efforts are. This is especially
true for relationships with international suppliers from the world’s emerging economies in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern
Europe. Building on stakeholder theory, we address the issue by examining how pressures from customers, the government, and
employees as primary constituencies of the firm determine the extent to which firms consider social aspects in the selection
of emerging economy suppliers. Further, we analyze how such socially sustainable supplier selection relates to the capabilities
of the firm’s suppliers, its market reputation, and the learning in its supply management organization. We test the developed
research framework empirically using data from 244 U.S. and German corporations. Our findings, consistent with our hypothesized
model, suggest that middle-level supply managers as internal stakeholders play a major driving role for firms’ socially sustainable
supplier selection, and that strong positive links exist between that selection and the investigated outcomes. 相似文献
13.
Drawing upon the resource dependence theory, this paper examines the determinants of nonmarket behaviors in the Chinese context.
Using survey data of 175 top managers in China, we test 13 firm and environment characteristics likely influencing nonmarket
behaviors. Results show that a firm’s economic resources, top management orientation, and uncertainty in the nonmarket environment
are significantly related to Chinese firms’ nonmarket behaviors.
Translated and revised from Zhongguo gongye jingji 中国工业经济 (China Industrial Economy), 2007, (5): 104–112 相似文献
14.
Connectivity and Performance of Science-based Firms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Annika Rickne 《Small Business Economics》2006,26(4):393-407
This paper addresses whether or not there is a relationship between a young science-based firm’s patterns of connections and
the associated resource flows, and its performance. Hypotheses derived from the literature are tested in relation to three
performance indicators: inventiveness, innovativeness and employment. Analyzing a set of firms in Sweden, Ohio and Massachusetts,
working with biocompatible materials and related products, the results indicate that firm performance is significantly influenced
by the firms’ pattern of connectivity. In particular, technology-related connections proved important, where a high diversity
in types of sources for technological input, a large number of technological relations and a high amount of technology transfer
from the parent organization were related to better performance for this specific group of firms. 相似文献
15.
Ning Li 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,80(4):771-789
One challenge that globalization has brought to business is that firms, as they expand their market globally through cross-border
alliances, need to deal with partner firms from countries of different religious background. The impact of a country’s dominant
religion on its firms’ international market entry mode choices has not been examined in traditional approaches. Focusing on
hypothesizing the influence of Christian beliefs and atheism (i.e., the absence of belief in any deities), this research aims
to fill the gap by exploring religion’s role in providing moral restraint on managers’ propensity for opportunism, which in
turn affects these managers’ choices of their firms’ international market entry via non-equity alliances or joint ventures.
A study of 22,156 cross-border alliances formed in 48 industries world-wide over 9 years provides new insight toward understanding
religion’s influence on firms’ international market entry mode decisions through the ethical dimension of strategic leadership.
This article would fit best under the International Management section for reviewing purposes. 相似文献
16.
Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Roger Schweizer Jan-Erik Vahlne Jan Johanson 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2010,8(4):343-370
When firms cross-borders it is, by definition, internationalization. We believe that often internationalization should be
seen as either a by-product of a firm’s efforts to improve its position within its network or networks, or as the result of
an entrepreneurial action. We consider three theoretical approaches as a starting point and breathe life into them with a
rich case study. We suggest adjustments to Johanson and Vahlne’s business network internationalization process model, an update
of the Uppsala internationalization process model, to emphasize the entrepreneurial aspects of the process. 相似文献
17.
Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response and Ownership Type: Evidence
from Chinese Firms’ Response
to the Sichuan Earthquake 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This article examines whether the charitable giving amount and likelihood of firm response to catastrophic events relate to
firms’ ownership type using a unique dataset of listed firms in China, where state ownership is still prevalent. Based on
the data of Chinese firms’ response to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, we find that the extent of corporate contributions for
state-owned firms following this disaster is less than that for private firms. State-owned firms are also less likely to respond
in␣this disaster compared to private firms. The results also␣reveal that firm size, profitability, geography, cash resource
available, and leverage affect firms’ philanthropic disaster response behavior in China. 相似文献
18.
Corporate social performance (CSP) has become a widely applied concept, discussed in most large firms’ corporate reports and
the academic literature alike. Unfortunately, CSP has largely been employed as a way of demonstrating corporate social responsibility
(CSR) in practice, or to justify the business case for CSR in academia by relating some measure of CSP to some measure of
financial performance. In this article, we discuss multiple shortcomings to these approaches. We argue that (1) CSR activities
need to be managed and measured as projects and aggregated to the business or corporate level using a project portfolio; (2)
appropriate measures need to be identified that move away from reporting the firm’s activities toward quantifying actual social
outcomes achieved; and (3) given the types of projects prevalent in CSR, statistical evaluation methods common in other fields
(ideally, pre-test post-test control group designs, such as used in medicine or propensity score matching for ongoing or past
projects) should be employed to properly measure outcomes. We make a first, albeit imperfect, attempt at using such an approach
with data collected on behalf of the Patrimonio Hoy project, a well-publicized CSR initiative carried out by Cemex in Mexico.
We show that the results from this data reinforce concerns voiced earlier in this article. 相似文献
19.
This study aims to propose a framework considering both economic issues and environmental effects in technology evaluation
in order to provide firms’ decision makers a useful reference in adopting technologies that will enable them to fulfill corporate
social responsibilities and get competitive advantages at the same time. Recently, the demands for technology evaluation have
increased with the flourishing development of technology licensing, technology transaction or joint venture on the one hand
and with the pressing needs of environmental protection for human beings’ sustainable development on the other hand. Under
such conditions, it thus goes without saying that firms’ decision makers are propelled to take into account both economic
benefits and environmental effects in evaluating technologies by choosing low or nonpolluting technologies for manufacturing
products. Although technology evaluation is not a new and emerging subject currently besetting scholars in the field of management,
previous research on this topic has unwittingly left behind the pressing issue of environmental effects. Based on this observation,
this study purports to develop a new framework for technology evaluation by taking both economic benefits and environmental
perspectives into consideration. In it, we seek to demonstrate that our proposed framework will not only be a workable model
but also can serve as a useful point of reference for technology appraisers and firms’ decision makers. 相似文献
20.
José A. Plaza-Úbeda Jerónimo de Burgos-Jiménez Eva Carmona-Moreno 《Journal of Business Ethics》2010,93(3):419-442
Stakeholder Theory combines the pursuance of business goals and responsibility toward a firm’s stakeholders. Despite the wealth
of research on Stakeholder Orientation, we still have much to learn about specific measurements for several related constructs.
In this study, we draw on two samples of 129 and 151 Spanish firms, respectively, to investigate CEOs’ perceptions on Stakeholder
Integration (SI), leading to the identification of three dimensions of the construct. In this respect, our study suggests
that Knowledge of Stakeholders, Interactions between a firm and its stakeholders, and the adaptation of a firm’s behavior
to stakeholders’ demands constitute the main dimensions of SI. This construct has the potential to connect the stakeholder
and strategy literatures. 相似文献