The Scope of Anonymous Voluntary Bargaining Under Asymmetric Information

We present a model of anonymous collective bargaining where individuals'preferences and information may be significantly interdependent. We showthat the bargaining outcome becomes independent of individuals'preferences and information as the bargaining group increases in size. As acorollary, we show that anonymous voluntary bargaining completely fails inlarge groups. Either the difference between the bargaining outcome and thestatus quo vanishes as the size of the group becomes larger, or, thebargaining becomes coercive and results in a violation of at least someindividuals' rights. The result provides a rationale for the inherentdifficulty of reform in the presence of asymmetric information.
There is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful ofsuccess, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order ofthings.
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1532)     

Bargaining Through Agents: An Experimental Study of Delegation and Commitment

While face-to-face bargaining has proven itself to be extremely efficient in the laboratory, it appears to break down often in the real world. This discrepancy, we assert, is explained by the fact that in the real world face-to-face bargaining is usually conducted not between principals but between the agents of principals. We find a substantial increase in inefficiency when bargaining is conducted through agents rather than through principals and offer an explanation for this rise in inefficiency. As such, this paper helps to shed light on the growing literature on delegation, commitment, and preference distortion games. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C78, C92.     

基于组织承诺视角的私募股权基金议价能力研究

家族性是中小企业的显著特征,其将不破坏企业的社会情感财富作为企业决策的首要考虑因素。私募股权基金与被投资中小企业之间的组织承诺会影响私募股权基金的议价能力,其中私募股权基金与中小企业的情感承诺成为影响私募股权基金议价能力的重要因素。文章以社会情感财富理论为理论基础,探究情感承诺对私募股权基金议价能力的影响机制,尤其是家族性质(家族代际、家族成员数量、家族成员持股比例)在两者之间的调节作用。通过对江浙沪深地区的私募股权投资经理的问卷调查,研究结果表明:目标企业的情感承诺对私募股权基金议价能力产生正向影响;家族代际负向调节目标企业的情感承诺与私募股权基金议价能力之间的关系;家族成员数量、家族成员持股比例均正向调节目标企业情感承诺与私募股权基金议价能力之间的关系。     

从被动到主动:促进内部环境审计开展的新思路

内部环境审计是企业环境管理系统的重要组成部分，实施内部环境审计能够促进企业的环境保护，但内部环境审计成本的存在却阻碍了企业内部环境审计的开展。本文对阻碍内部环境审计开展的根本原因进行了深入分析，并在此基础上提出了使企业从被动地遵循法律规定到主动追求内部环境审计利益的解决思路。     

长期服务关系中的顾客行为：信任和承诺的作用

本文通过抽样调查方法检验了在长期服务关系中顾客信任和承诺对顾客行为的影响机制。研究发现,顾客信任和承诺对顾客合作和正面口碑都具有类似的积极影响;顾客承诺可以降低顾客机会主义行为,而信任没有这一功能;顾客信任可以提高顾客在服务关系中的灵活性,而承诺则不起作用;顾客信任还提高了顾客正式控制机制的使用效果,顾客承诺则降低了对服务企业单方面行为的默许。     

Role Playing,Collective Bargaining,and the Measurement of Attitude Change

Using what scholars have identified as the major explanations of industrial unrest in the United States, Lloyd measures changes in attitudes of students engaged in mock collective bargaining negotiations. By testing before and after the bargaining sessions, he is able to show the influence of role playing upon perception.     

关于组织存在的交易费用理论的缺陷及其超越

科斯所提出的企业存在理论虽然揭示了企业的本质特征。但却混淆了企业与市场的关系。市场组织制度是节约企业和个人交易费用的制度，而特定的组织存在并不是由交易费用高低所决定，而是取决于组织的目标和权力结构。     

The Evolutionary Stability of Auctions over Bargaining

This paper considers equilibrium in transaction mechanisms. In an environment with homogeneous buyers and sellers, which eliminates the advantage auctions possess of matching buyers and sellers, both auctions and bargaining are equilibria. However, only auctions are evolutionarily stable. This identifies a new advantage of auctions over bargaining, arising from the division of the gains from trade.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C78, C73, D44.     

China-Central Asia Relations and Role of the Belt and Road Initiative

China is moving to greater economic and political influence in the global scale.One of the Chinese strategy for“go global”is Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)which ...     

Commitment to Rules on Investment: The Developing Countries' Stake

This study examines foreign direct investment into developing countries, and the stake those countries have in liberalizing or restricting these long-term investments. Of particular interest is the stake the developing countries might have in committing to codes or multilateral agreements on investments. Clear advantages to commitment are identified, involving attracting investments that would not occur otherwise. But disadvantages are also identified, involving the possible loss of rents to host countries that might have been captured in the absence of binding codes.     

On the Design of Optimal Insurance Policies Under Manipulation of Audit Cost

This article characterizes optimal insurance policies under deterministic auditing in a situation where the policyholders can misrepresent their losses. Under exogenous audit cost, a straight deductible is optimal when the policyholders can inflate their claims by intentionally increasing the damages. If policyholders can manipulate the audit cost and the insurer is unable to observe the cost incurred by his or her auditor, then the auditor should receive contingent fees. When the auditor is risk-averse, the optimal insurance policy involves some degree of coinsurance. An upper limit on coverage is optimal when the auditor is infinitely risk-averse.     

国家审计对权力的制约与监督探讨

国家审计对政府机构及其主要领导干部的权力实施制约与监督，是新的历史时期审计机构的新职责；其制约与监督对象是被审计人权力运行机制的建立与运作情况；其审查目的是通过对被审计人权力运行机制建立与运作情况作出客观评价，保障国家权力健康运作、廉洁运用、有效行使。     

运用系统审计提高审计质量

系统论的出现使人类的思维方式发生了深刻的变化。系统审计适应了建设项目经济活动特点和投资审计发展的必然要求,系统审计整体性、联系性、层次性原则为深化建设项目投资审计提供了思路和方法。     

Association Between Discretionary Accruals and Audit Fees and the Role of the Size of the Audit Firm: European Evidence

International Advances in Economic Research - This study seeks to contribute to the analysis of discretionary accruals and audit fees in two pairs of European countries, Germany and France, and...     

信息不对称条件下离任审计制度的创新

现行离任审计制度有很多缺陷厂长(经理)在离任时的财务收支审计和经济效益审计合理、合法、合规,但企业实际上已成"空壳",没有发展后劲,资产匹配不合理,人力资源结构失调,市场竞争力低.其原因是因为厂长(经理)掌握了任期内的许多"私人信息",这些信息是审计机构利用目前的审计方法不能完全挖掘出来的.本文从委托代理理论出发,分析现代企业的委托受托关系实质,阐述运用离任审计的必要性,并从激励和监督两个角度对现行离任审计制度进行了完善.     

主动扩大进口的战略内涵及其经济影响

研究分为两大部分,第一部分是在全球单边主义和贸易保护主义重新抬头的背景下,阐述中国提出主动扩大进口的战略内涵,主要体现在四个方面:第一,顺应经济全球化深度演进所导致的贸易本质变化,进一步利用全球市场实现经济的国际大循环;第二,通过扩大进口实现投资和消费的良性互动,推动供给侧结构性改革下的消费规模扩大和消费升级;第三,在全球"市场需求"稀缺背景下,从需求端入手推动人民币国际化进程;第四,通过互利互惠共同繁荣的开放型经济举措,构建人类命运共同体的经济基础。第二部分是考察扩大进口的经济影响,该研究利用GTAP模型模拟了降低关税总水平50%后对进出口贸易、产出变动以及其他主要宏观经济变量的定量影响,结果显示降低关税在促进进口的同时也大幅增加了出口,并且对中国经济增长具有较明显的积极作用,但与此同时扩大进口会在一定程度上对低端产品市场造成冲击。     

From Libertinism to Marital Commitment: The Economics of Marital Search with Heterogeneous Agents

Synopsis The actual characteristics and desires of candidates or marriage cannot be clearly identified without careful examination (Anderson & Hamori 2000). Accordingly, the classified advertisement system looks like a market or lemons (Akerlof 1970), which sharply contrasts with the matchmaking agency system. The continued existence of classified advertisement system just proves it furthers the goals of certain singles—namely, libertine females and libertine males. The present paper uses two databases: the first database consists of a sample of personal advertisements extracted from a specialized publication; the second database is the customer file of a matchmaking agency. This paper predicts which variables will determine the commitment level desired by individuals and why matchmaking agencies customers are more sincere than advertisers.     

The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New Framework: The Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution

We advance a case for including social capital in an environmental Kuznets curve analysis using highly disaggregated data of water pollution in Louisiana. We create a social capital index and employ parametric and spatial panel regression models to explain water pollution dynamics.      

高校内部审计运作模式亟需改进

2003年6月1日起施行的《中国内部审计准则》的出台,使得我们重新审视现行的高校内部审计的运作模式。在我国加入WTO后,面对进一步开放的社会主义市场经济,传统的以监督、检查为核心的高校内部审计的运作模式已远远不能适应新形势下高等院校资金管理和内部控制的要求。因此,高校内部审计应实现从监督、检查型运作模式向综合管理型运作模式的转变。