社会网络、信息获取与农户自营工商业创办行为关系的实证分析

笔者基于实地调研数据,着重分析了社会资本对农户自营工商业创办所面临的资金和信息两种约束的缓解效应。计量结果表明,社会资本不同维度对农户自营工商业创办的影响程度不同。社会网络对农户创业具有资金积累效用,这基于非正规金融对正规金融的替代性;信息获取对农户创业具有信息积累效用;社会资本的信息积累效用大于资金积累效用。     

中国农户融资现状与民间借贷偏好分析——来自全国农户借贷调查问卷

本文以中国人民银行农户借贷情况问卷调查分析小组收集的10个省农户借贷调查数据为样本,首先分析了我国农户借贷现状,发现我国农村地区的正规金融覆盖面小,而民间金融却非常活跃。在不同的地区,民间金融的活跃程度也不同。然后探索了农户选择民间金融的原因,发现信贷约束、利息成本、风险、家庭经济和人口特征是影响农户选择民间金融的重要因素,并且这些因素对不同类型的民间借贷的影响不同。该发现有利于进一步全面、深刻地理解我国农村正规金融机构信贷覆盖面小,农村正规金融机构改革效果不佳的原因。最后本文对我国农村金融市场改革提出一些政策建议。     

我国农村民间借贷研究综述

近年来,随着我国农村经济的快速发展,农户对资金的需求越来越大。由于我国农村正规金融组织的缺失,使农村资金的供给困难进一步加剧,这为农村民间借贷的发展提供了一定空间。在这一背景下,学者对我国农村民间借贷问题进行了深入研究。现将主要观点综述如下。一、农村民间借贷的概念宋磊认为,农村民间借贷有广义、狭义之分。广义的民间借贷是各种民间金融的总称,泛指不通过官方正式金融机构的一切民间金融活动。通常包括社会集资、居民间的借贷、民间典当业、农村合作基金会等融资活动(宋磊,2005)。康正平认为,民间借贷是游离于正规金融机构…     

农村民间借贷问题研究——基于郑州300户农户的调查

农村民间借贷是典型的需求诱致性的金融制度变迁过程。通过对郑州农村民间借贷的实证调查表明,民间借贷已不仅仅是农村正规金融的补充,掌握农村民间借贷的运行机制对引导民间借贷健康发展乃至整个农村金融市场建设意义重大。     

民间融资现状存在的问题及改革对策——以通化地区为例

本文以吉林省通化市民间融资市场这一个别案例作为研究对象,分析通化市民间融资的兴起发展的背景、现存模式、民间融资对正规融资的影响、民间融资存在的意义与问题,提出相关建议。通过调查研究与理论分析得出基本结论:一、在通化市民间融资的兴起和发展存在普遍的共性和其自身的经济发展特性。二、民间融资存在私人亲友借贷、小额贷款公司以及抵押寄卖贷款,企业内部集资等形式。三、民间融资的兴起发展补充了正规金融,对资源配置和金融创新具备积极作用,但不可避免地冲击了正规金融秩序,并容易导致社会问题。第四,民间融资的规范发展需要立法、正规金融发展和金融体制改革等配套措施。     

我国民间借贷演进路径分析

文章通过分析民间借贷的演进路径,建议国家对不同的民间借贷形式采取区别对待政策,确认合会等民间借贷组织模式的合法性,促进民间借贷组织与正规金融组织的对接,完善民间投资渠道和征信体系建设,从而引导和促进民间借贷的健康发展,在民间借贷和正规金融组织间形成良性的互动,共同推动经济社会的发展。     

当前农村民间借贷存在的问题及对策

民间借贷作为正规金融机构借贷的补充，既弥补了农村正规金融机构借贷不足给农民需求带来的矛盾，也缓解了农村借贷资源的匮乏问题，对促进农民增收、农业发展起到了积极作用。但由于民间借贷始终处于地下状态，缺乏担保和监管，操作不规范，一直存在较高风险，很容易发生经济纠纷。在当前新农村建设的实践中，深入查摆农村民间借贷存在的问题，深刻剖析背后的原因，积极寻求解决办法并正确加以引导，对于搞活农村经济，发展农业生产，加快新农村建设步伐，有着十分重要的现实意义。     

我国民间借贷的现状,问题及发展

随着经济和社会的快速发展,民间的剩余资金较为充足并大量积累,民间借贷日趋活跃,为正规金融之外民营企业和中小企业提供了大量的资金,为其发展起了很大的促进用.但是我国的民间借贷一直缺少规范化管理,游离于正规金融之外,给社会和经济的稳定造成了一定的安全问题,如何发展和完善民间借贷的是目前的重中之重.     

农户家庭储蓄借贷行为的实证分析——以山西农村203个农户的调查为例

农户的储蓄行为目标是比较明确的，主要是为了社会保障。与政府降息政策出台以及开征利息税制度的实施初衷不一致。民间借贷行为是正规金融借贷行为所不能替代的，其形成与繁荣是正规金融组织弱化农村信贷服务功能的一种结果。民间借贷以“亲情”和“友情”等两情借贷为主，借贷中“立字据”与“付息”比例并不占优，但在需要付息的案例中，其利率程度已进入“高利贷”之列。在向民间借“高利贷”与向正规金融组织贷款的选择中，农民优先选择的是“高利贷”，理由是成功率和利息率相比，成功率为主，再低的利率贷不到也等于零。     

民间借贷规范化发展问题探讨

民间借贷是民间金融的一种重要形式.其作为正规金融的有益补充,对于填补正规金融服务的真空发挥着重要作用.然而,扭曲无序的民间借贷泛滥极易诱发经济风险,甚至是社会风险.伴随中国民间借贷规模增大,加强民间借贷规范化管理和运作非常必要.     

非正式社会结构下民间信用演进与生命周期

在非正式制度为主导的农村非正式社会结构中,基于特殊信任主义的民间信用,其博弈主体由于交易域和社会交换域的关联博弈和基于声誉的私人契约执行机制,使得民间信用契约具有自我执行的内在机制.随着农村非正式社会结构的制度转型,使得特殊信任主义向一般信任主义演变,并促使中国民间信用制度沿着其生命周期轨迹发生适应性变迁.     

社会资本、人力资本与经济增长

笔者采用截面数据回归分析法及时间序列数据协整分析法对中国社会资本的不同维度——信任和民间组织与人力资本、经济增长的关系进行实证研究。结果表明,我国社会资本通过影响人力资本而影响经济增长,人力资本是我国社会资本作用于经济增长的机制之一。     

论当代民间诗社的文化功能——以长沙诗社（长沙市诗人协会）为例

近年来,民间诗社不断发展壮大。作为社会有机体的一部分,民间诗社的形成和发展有其独特性,也发挥着其独有的社会功能。以长沙诗社为例,通过对其历年活动的梳理,对诗社的形成发展及其功能做了详细论述,探讨了民间诗社作为社团组织（第三方组织）的文化功能及其在社会建设中所起的作用。事实证明,合理发挥民间诗社的社会功能,能够有效推进社会文化建设发展。     

The bank lending channel of unconventional monetary policy: The impact of the VLTROs on credit supply in Spain

We assess the impact on the credit supply to non-financial corporations of the two very long term refinancing operations (VLTROs) conducted by the Eurosystem in December 2011 and February 2012 for the case of Spain. To do so we use bank–firm level information from a sample of more than one million lending relationships during two years. Our methodology tackles three main identification challenges: (i) how to disentangle credit supply from demand; (ii) the non-random assignment of firms to banks; (iii) the endogeneity of the VLTRO bids, as banks with more deteriorated funding conditions were more likely both to ask for a large amount of funds and to restrain credit supply. Our findings suggest that the VLTROs had a positive moderate-sized effect on the supply of bank credit to firms. We also find that the effect was greater for illiquid banks and that it was driven by credit to SMEs, as there was no impact on loans to large firms. By contrast, strong firm–bank relationships were less sensitive to the positive liquidity shock caused by the VLTROs, which is consistent with the studies that find that relationship lending is a more stable source of credit than transaction lending. Finally, the VLTROs had no impact on either the degree of loan collateralisation or the probability of making loans to new borrowers, while they decreased the probability of renewing old ones, which suggests that those funds were not used for loan “evergreening”.     

An Investigation into the Link between UK Credit Union Characteristics, Location and their Success

Abstract ** :  The unique characteristics of credit unions reduces the information asymmetry that is prevalent in credit making decisions, enabling them to provide loans where other financial institutions cannot. This makes them a potential tool in the fight against financial exclusion. Yet, the UK credit union movement is not regarded as being successful, even though there is evidence of much financial exclusion. This study is cross sectional in form, and evaluates characteristics that may contribute to the success of the UK credit union movement at national and regional level, in 2000. The findings are used to consider the impact of recent regulatory changes on the movement. The key findings are that there is a significant relationship between the success of a credit union, its size and the deprivation of the ward from which it sources its members. More specifically, larger credit unions and those located in more affluent wards, are more successful. Affiliation to the Irish League of Credit Unions and having a common bond of occupation, are also found to be contributing factors to credit union success. These results are taken as providing support for the recent changes implemented by the Financial Services Authority (FSA), which is likely to result in the emergence of larger credit unions (through mergers), run by appropriately qualified persons, serving a more mixed‐income membership base. It is, however, noted that the history of the UK movement is one of missed opportunities and only time will tell whether credit unions have the wherewithal to accept current opportunities .     

International migration and informal social protection in rural Mozambique

This paper uses a unique household survey from two southern regions in Mozambique to examine the extent to which dispatching family labour abroad is a source of informal social protection for households left behind. We do so by studying the relation between migration, remittances and participation in groups that provide informal social services to migrant-sending communities. We distinguish between a range of community associations related to insurance, credit and production provision and we further correct for the endogenous choice of group membership. Results show that migration associated with remittances increase community group participation. In particular, while there is no significant relationship with group membership related to credit or self-help activities, remittance recipients are more likely to join groups that provide insurance. These findings point to the role of migration as a source of social protection for migrant-sending communities at origin.     

Education and the Public Goods Type of Social Capital: Are the Well Educated Free Riding in the Provision of Public Goods?

In the previous literature, education has been found to promote the individual’s investment in social capital. However, little is known about its effect on the public goods type of social capital as many of the studies have used generalized measures of social capital. Using survey data from Japan with information on participation in neighborhood associations and community activities, we find that individuals with higher education are no more likely than those with compulsory minimum education to invest in the public goods type of social capital. Nor do we find evidence that the more educated free ride on the less educated in the provision of public goods.     

信用制度的微观基础——信用行为分析

信用制度的微观基础是经济活动主体的信用行为。由信用行为而产生的信用关系可归结为三种基本形式：单方面的信用关系、双方相互信用关系和中介的信用关系。对这三种形式下的信用行为的分析表明,竞争性市场并不会自发地形成可靠的信用关系;每一种信用关系都需要一个完善的社会信用制度来支撑。     

西部欠发达地区农村民间借贷规范发展的路径选择——基于陕西省大荔县128户农户的调查

以对陕西省大荔县128户农户民间借贷的调查结果为依据,从借贷规模、借贷利率、资金用途、借贷契约等方面对西部欠发达地区农村民间借贷现状进行了分析,指出缺乏法律保障、借贷利率偏高、金融风险较大是西部欠发达地区农村民间借贷规范发展的主要限制因素.对此,提出了若干政策建议.     

论民间金融及其规范化发展

近年来,我国民间金融活动十分活跃。民间金融规模逐渐扩大,有效地补充了正规金融体系留下的信贷市场空白,对农村经济增长的积极作用不容怀疑。但是,民间金融的重要性在政府的政策法规下始终没有得到主流金融的认可,其经营行为仍处于“地下“、“非法“状态。如何引导和规范民间资金,缓解融资难问题正日益受到关注。