论提升我国税制的国际竞争力:基于对外贸易的视角

税制竞争力是对税收竞争研究的延续、拓展和提升。然而,货物贸易的出口退税不彻底、政策频繁调整、服务贸易不能出口退税、税制的国际协调能力亟待加强等原因,严重制约了我国对外贸易税制的竞争力。因此,应以提高税制竞争力为目标,促进我国对外贸易税制的科学发展,从统一营业税与增值税、完善出口退税制度和加强税制的国际协调能力三个方面着手进行改革。     

WTO农产品贸易规则对我国农业的影响

遵循WTO农产品贸易规则对我国农业经济的发展带来了机遇，同时，农产品贸易规则关于关税减让、削减农产品生产补贴和出口补贴等规定又使我国农业发展面临巨大的挑战。我国应抓住机遇，积极应对挑战，提高我国农业的竞争力和可持续发展能力。     

我国加入WTO后税收制度改革的若干思考

加入WTO后，税收改革的实质是使税制的发展既符合WTO所反映的经济全球化、市场化和工业化的趋势，又能经过不断改革而有利于促进经济的发展，在新的发展经济格局中提高国家竞争力。我国加入WTO后，针对现行税制中存在的税收歧视、税收优惠、税收透明度低等问题，应进行全方位、多层次的改革，以求统一税法、公平税负、简化税制、调整结构、扩大税基、强化征管，符合WTO协议的基本原则，建立符合社会主义市场经济要求的税收体系。     

瑞典税收制度及借鉴

瑞典税制有宏观税负高、税源监控严密、税制"绿色"程度高等特点。高税负支撑着瑞典的高福利,却也造成了瑞典经济效率的损失。我国应借鉴瑞典税制的成功经验,着重强化税收法制建设,提高税制"绿色"水平,建立健全纳税信用体系,加强税收征管工作等。     

税制改革的国际比较研究

20世纪90年代以来，发达的市场经济国家和发展中国家纷纷进行了税制改革。虽然由于经济、社会、政治等背景的不同，各国税制改革没有统一的模式，但纵观各国税制改革，一个总体趋势是：降低税收负担，调整税制结构，完善税制，加强税收管理和促进国际协调等。因此，我们将从宏观税负、税制结构、税制完善、税收管理等方面研究比较各国的税制改革情况，     

税收负担、税制结构与物价水平:理论分析与现实选择

税收(实际上是商品税即主要的间接税)是构成商品价格的重要部分,税负在直接税与间接税上的布局取决于税制结构的选择与设计。本文在对此进行理论分析的基础上,考察了我国税收负担、税制结构与物价水平关系的现状,指出我国税制结构失衡引致间接税税负过高从而对商品价格的"添加效应"过重的现实问题,并提出了基于缓解物价水平压力的税制结构优化的政策建议,即通过一系列间接税减税、直接税增税的税制结构优化举措,实现税收负担从间接税到直接税的"平移",减轻对商品价格的"添加效应"。     

中国税制改革要着眼激励新创价值

中国现行税制，从大的调整上来说，应该降低流转税的宏观税负。降低流转税的宏观税负，不会使税收收入减少，只会增加税收收入。流转税的宏观税负下降，意味着税收的收入结构会发生重大变化，也意味着税制结构要作重大调整。自1953年以来，我国的税制历经改革，但流转税税负总水平不变一直是改革的基本原则。这就     

跨国经营与纳税筹划

中国企业在跨国经营全过程中做好纳税筹划，将有利于实现全球税负最小化、整体价值最大化的管理目标。 在经济全球化、贸易自由化、金融市场自由化的今天．越来越多的中国企业开始选择走卅国门，进行跨国经营，参与国际竞争合作，以谋求全球范围内的财务利益最大化。由于各国政治体制、经济发展水平、经济发展战略等不尽相同，各国税制之间存在着较大差异。跨国经营在给企业带来经济效益的同时，也为企业提供了纳税筹划的新契机。了解和把握国际税收体制，加强税收管理，进行必要的纳税筹划，对于维护企业信誉、减少法律风险、降低税务成本、巩固和发展国际市场地位有着重要的作用。     

浅谈增值税税制改革在会计核算中存在的问题及对策

<正>增值税作为我国税收体系中所占比重较大的主要流转税种,是我国财政税收的主要来源。在经济危机影响日益广泛的背景下,我国于2008年颁布了新的《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》和《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则》,并已于2009年1月1日起施行,从而将原来的生产型增值税改革为消费型增值税。尽管新的增值税税制改革在一定程度上降低了企业税负、节约了资金,提高了企业的市场竞争力,但是其会计核算仍存在不可忽视的问题。文章拟从该税制改革出发,对改革后会计核算方面仍存在的问题进行探讨并提供一些建议。     

金融业流转税:税负均衡及税制改革

我国金融业流转税实行的是营业税制,且强调金融业内部不同业务的差别,遵循了最优商品课税理论关于实施差别税制的原则,但过分强调其差别性,违背了税负公平原则和税收效率原则.因此,应取消金融业营业税制,实行增值税制;扩大并统一金融业流转税征税范围,实现税收优惠方式的转型,均衡金融业与其他行业的税负及金融业内部税负.以促进我国金融业发展,进一步提高其国内外竞争力.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Amplification and asymmetry in crashes and frenzies

We often observe disproportionate reactions to tangible information in large stock price movements. Moreover these movements feature an asymmetry: the number of crashes is more than that of frenzies in the S&P 500 index. This paper offers an explanation for these two characteristics of large movements in which hedging (portfolio insurance) causes amplified price reactions to news and liquidity shocks as well as an asymmetry biased towards crashes. Risk aversion of traders is shown to be essential for the asymmetry of price movements. Also, we show that differential information can enhance both amplification and asymmetry delivered by hedging. This paper is based on part of my Ph.D. thesis submitted to the University of Minnesota. I am grateful to Andy McLennan and Jan Werner for their valuable advice and unwavering support. Also, I would like thank Mehmet Barlo, Michele Boldrin, Partha Chatterjee, Mehmet Ozhabes, Dimitrios Tsomocos and seminar participants at the University of Minnesota, the MEA and the MFA Meetings in St Louis for helpful comments. Comments on a previous draft by an anonymous referee greatly improved the presentation of this paper. Financial support from William W. Stout Fellowship is gratefully acknowledged.     

旅游企业与社区居民利益冲突及协调博弈研究

随着旅游业发展的深入,旅游企业与社区居民的利益冲突及协调问题成为影响旅游业发展的重点问题。从旅游企业和社区居民的单次博弈入手建立模型,并通过重复博弈模型分析,探索实现利益协调的路径。提出完善社区居民旅游开发参与机制和构建收益均衡分配机制,解决旅游企业与社区居民的利益协调问题。     

Noise trading and prime and score premiums

This paper documents that a common element drives the time-series variation of the premium pricing of Primes and Scores. I argue that this common element is noise trading. The noise trading model of Delong, Shleifer, Summers and Waldmann (1990) predicts that returns on assets that are predominantly traded by noise traders will be correlated, since the misperceptions of noise traders are cross-sectionally correlated. Consistent with the noise trading hypothesis, changes in the average premium of Primes and Scores, which are predominantly traded by individual investors, are correlated with both changes in average discounts of closed-end funds and small firms returns. These empirical facts provide additional evidence that noise traders can affect security prices.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

美国“两房”危机分析及启示

文章分析了“两房”危机的形成过程,以及美国政府应对“两房”危机的救助措施。虽然美国金融海啸对国内上市银行的投资影响不大,但国内银行业对海外投资与交易的风险管理有待加强。面对全球市场动荡,文章从加强监管、完善政策调控、稳定房地产市场发展,以及提高金融机构风险管理能力等方面提出应对之策。     

Stock and Bond Liquidity and its Effect on Prices and Financial Policies

An asset is liquid if it can be traded at the prevailing market price quickly and at low cost. We show that in addition to risk, liquidity affects asset prices and returns. Theories of asset pricing suggest that the expected return of an asset is increasing in its risk, because risk-averse investors require compensation for bearing more risk. Because investors are also averse to the costs of illiquidity and want to be compensated for bearing them, asset returns are increasing in illiquidity. Thus, asset prices should depend on two asset characteristics: risk and liquidity. This paper surveys research on the effects of liquidity on asset prices and returns, showing that liquidity is an important factor in capital asset pricing.     

Aggressive CEOs and bank mergers and acquisitions

The U.S. banking industry has seen waves of mergers since the 1980s. Despite a significant body of research on the determinants of these waves, there are few studies of how CEOs influence banks’ mergers and acquisitions (M&As). This paper studies the effect of CEO aggressiveness on bank M&As. We construct a new measure of bank CEO aggressiveness based on CEOs’ ancestral countries of origin and data on inter-country wars. We find that aggressive CEOs are more likely to acquire other banks. Moreover, the impact of CEO aggressiveness on bank M&A decisions is more pronounced when the CEOs are from larger and more profitable banks, when CEOs have a longer tenure, and when CEOs’ ancestral country of origin has a more masculine culture. Moreover, we show that aggressive CEOs are more likely to make acquisitions when CEOs possess more cultural maintenance, which captures the extent to which CEOs retain their original cultural values and beliefs. Finally, we document positive short-term stock market reactions to bank M&As initiated by aggressive CEOs.     

Cloud-based client accounting and small and medium accounting practices: Adoption and impact

Cloud accounting represents a major disruptive technology for the accounting industry. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from eight small and medium accounting practices (SMPs) to test a preliminary model of the determinants and impact of cloud-based client accounting adoption by SMPs. Accordingly, the SMP was the unit of analysis. The complex triadic relationship between SMPs, their clients and cloud accounting provider necessitated an interorganisational perspective. Four factors contributed to SMPs’ adoption decisions: perceived benefits of cloud-based client accounting, perceived benefits of partner programs, organisational readiness (IT sophistication and client readiness), and external pressure (client and competitive pressures). Subsequent to adoption, SMPs experienced a decline in the levels of traditional (statutory) services provided. However, most noted increases in income from business advisory. All firms were at least as well off after adoption. Improvements in client relationships and the perceived value of accountants’ services were also noted. An adoption/impact typology predicted and found positive impacts for cloud initiators, in particular. The findings have implications for owners of SMPs, their SME clients, and for accounting professional bodies.