电算化会计条件下的审计及对策

按照《审计法》的规定,一般审计程序可分为四个阶段,即准备阶段、实施阶段、审计结论和执行阶段、异议和复审阶段.电算化会计审计也同样分为这四个阶段,同时结合自身的特殊要求,运用本身特有的方法,对电算化会计系统进行评价.在会计电算化情况下,审计的各个方面都发生了很大的变化,如:审计线索、审计内容、审计技术和对审计人员的要求等,通过对以上变化进行分析,找出了针对电算化审计的对策,对电算化审计进行指导.     

新会计审计准则对遏制会计信息失真的作用

新颁布的会计审计准则立足于我国实际,满足了与国际准则接轨的趋势要求,对提高会计信息质量起到了积极的作用。新准则在会计信息失真的两大源头—盈余管理和会计舞弊方面,制定了有效遏制会计信息失真的会计和审计准则。     

计算机会计信息系统下审计风险的控制

计算机技术在会计工作中的应用,不仅提高了企业会计系统的运行效率和效果。也改变了传统会计的会计记录和会计系统安全控制,造成传统审计所依赖的“可视审计线索”逐渐消失,审计客体内外环境不稳定因素急剧增长,从而改变了审计环境,给审计工作带来了新的风险和挑战。如何在充分利用信息技术给审计工作提供便利的同时,有效地规避其带来的审计风险,是审计实务界目前亟待解决的问题。     

谈开展计算机审计的必要性

所谓计算机审计,就是用科学、合理的方法对计算机会计的审计。计算机审计是随着计算机会计的产生而产生的,对计算机审计的开发研究则需要与计算机会计的开发研究同步进行。我国计算机在会计工作上的开发应用,从整体上来说还刚刚起步。煤炭企业在会计工作上应用计算机正处于开发阶段,尚未形成完整的会计信息系统。因此,     

审计工作浅论

审计是一种经济监督活动。审计一词按照我国传统的说法就是审查会计帐目的意思,英文叫Audit,译为审计或查帐,日文则译为会计检查。审计这种经济监督与管理活动具有悠久的历史。据有历史可查,早在公元前700年西周时期就有了原始的审计,运用在钱粮赋     

在计算机审计课程教学中对审计软件应用的思考

随着会计电算化的普及,计算机审计软件得到越来越多的应用,高校也与时俱进地陆续开设了计算机审计课程。本文分析了审计软件在计算机审计课程教学中存在的一些问题,并提出解决问题的建议。     

煤炭企业电算化审计现状和改进措施

近几年,随着煤炭行业经济形势的好转,企业会计电算化迅速发展,各煤炭企业纷纷加快了会计软件的升级换代步伐,有的大型集团公司已经实现了企业局域网网上办公.会计工作电算化后,一方面会因系统设计存在漏洞、会计软件不够完善或运行不可靠等因素,造成会计数据处理结果出现一些非人为因素错误;另一方面,会因为电算化会计信息系统内部控制制度不够健全、篡改数据不留痕迹等原因使利用计算机犯罪有机可乘.同时,会计工作电算化后,手工记账方式下的记账凭证、明细账、总分类账及整个账务处理过程均以肉眼看不到的电磁数据形式存放于计算机中,造成审计线索缺乏,审计风险增大.传统审计中抽查会计记录、账账核对等方法已不适用于会计电算化系统.会计电算化的发展使审计环境更为复杂,风险更大,客观上要求审计工作加快实现电算化进程.     

内部审计在落实财务会计主体责任中的策略

为了促进企业财务会计主体责任的落实,文章提出了需重视发挥内部审计的功能优势,即功能视角、功能价值和功能目标。文章根据文献搜集法、案例分析法、实证调研法,对企业财务会计主体责任缺失所带来的问题进行了阐述。在问题导向下分析了内部审计的作用,并提出了发挥内部审计作用的策略：对各级管理者开展内部审计专题讲解、形成人员往来长效机制搭建信息平台、与宣传部门合作开展审计宣传周活动、建立风控专家组将审计人员纳入其中。     

如何控制审计风险

审计风险是指被审计单位的财务报表和会计资料没有公允地反映其财务收支状况,而审计人员却认为已经公允地反映;或被审计单位的财务报表和会计资料已经公允地反映其财务收支状况,而审计人员却认为没有公允地反映,并据此发表不恰当的审计意见或结论.现就如何控制审计风险问题谈些个人看法.     

CPA要加强对IPO企业的会计估计和会计政策变更的审计力度

资本市场的日益发达与注册制的确定,使得IPO审计业务也随之较快发展,一些企业为了避免不能上市而采用严密的、新颖的财务舞弊手法进行利润操纵,IPO财务造假具有极强的专业性和隐蔽性,本文从会计政策变更和会计估计变更的视角,探讨了CPA在对IPO企业进行审计时需要关注的重要事项,研究发现,CPA一方面要严格审计IPO企业的内控制度,另一方面要注意分析IPO企业是否存在利用会计估计与政策变更进行操纵利润的行径,另外,在审计的过程中关注这两种变更的相关会计处理是否正确。     

推进我国环境审计的思考

日益严重的环境问题使环境审计成为各审计机关必须面对的问题,以财务审计作为突破口,强化环境审计的观念,完善环境会计,建立环境审计的组织体系和提高审计人员的素质,是推进我国环境审计的主要途径。     

浅议企业技术资产审计

本文运用审计的原理与方法,构建出企业技术资产审计程序,提出了技术类别、生命周期、技术资产存量、技术投资、技术定位、技术产品与组合审计的方法。     

The internal audit of research and development

Most activities might benefit from an independent review; but very little attention has been given to the review of research and development (R & D). The evolving scope of internal audit together with trends in R & D provide a more favourable climate for the internal audit of this industry of discovery (Walley, 1974, p. 191). This paper presents the results of a survey which was questionnaire based and completed by internal auditors, most of whom worked for industrial multinationals which are household names. They represented companies employing 0–61 m staff with a turnover of |SL12b p.a.; 75|X% of the respondent organizations were industrial concerns employing 0.56m with a turnover of |SL10.7b p.a., most of the remaining respondents being financial organizations. Forty-two per cent were under overseas control. By focusing on the practice and intentions of leading organizations with a record of progressive management, the results of the survey point a way which is likely to be followed more generally. As the internal audit departments were also large (29 auditors in each; 35 for the industrial departments) they were better placed to extend the scope of their work.     

内部审计在中小企业改革中的作用

在国企改革中，发挥审计作用是确保改革成功的一项必要措施，本介绍了审计工作如何介入改革发挥作用。对建筑企业的审计有一定的借鉴意义。     

审计市场中的合并、产业专用化投资和价格竞争

本文从产业组织的角度，分析了审计市场的合并、产业专用化和价格竞争等竞争行为，并进一步探讨了这些行为对审计质量和社会福利的影响。本文认为，审计质量的信号传递机制推动了产业中的合并行为，而审计产业的专用化投资行为在于策略性地阻止进入。由于审计产品的异质性、信任品特性以及强大的买方谈判能力使得审计市场存在激烈的价格竞争，而合并和产业专用化投资有助于事务所降低成本。因而，审计市场的竞争提高了社会福利。     

A Basic Quantification of the Competitive Implications of the Demise of Arthur Andersen

Andersen’s exit from the already-concentrated market for auditing services is shown to have increased market concentration and audit fees. Changes in market concentration are found to be significantly related to changes in audit fees, suggesting that the structure-performance hypothesis is applicable to the post-Andersen accounting industry and that the “Final Four” accounting firms may have exercised market power in this environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of Andersen’s exit from the market.     

Qualified audit reports and costly contracting

This paper investigates the financial characteristics of the population of listed Singaporean companies receiving first-time qualified audit reports. It develops and tests hypotheses which take into account the costly contracting implications of a qualification for both the auditor and client. A matched pair design is used as a control. Results show that firms receiving qualified reports are significantly less profitable and liquid and have significantly more debt than the control in the year of qualification. Profitability and liquidity are shown to have declined in the four-year period up to the qualification, while debt levels have increased. These results may partially explain why the general (overseas) no-effect result from share market announcement date studies exists; the qualification per se is a dated signal of financial deterioration that has existed for at least the previous four years. Qualification is also significantly associated with auditor type and ownership of the firm, and is also dependent upon whether or not the firm has revalued its assets or changed accounting methods. It is more likely that a qualified report will be issued by a non Big 8 auditor in Singapore to a firm which has a higher proportion of the equity owned by the management. Qualified firms are more likely to have revalued assets and changed accounting methods to increase income than the control group. The strength of the results is also shown to depend on the nature of the qualification. Companies receiving severe qualifications (ie going concern, not true and fair, and unable to form an opinion) have far more significant differences than their pairs compared with those firms receiving moderate or other qualifications.The authors are Senior Lecturer, School of Accountancy and Business, Nanyang Technological University and Professor, Department of Accounting, University of Sydney, respectively. All correspondence should be addressed to Yoke-Kai Chan, School of Accountancy and Business, Nayang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.This paper has benefited from the comments of an anonymous referee, participants at the Australasian Banking and Finance Conference, the 15th Annual Congress of the European Accounting Association, and at workshops at the Australian Graduate School of Management, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, the Nanyang Technological University and the University of Southern Queensland, and in particular those of Greg Whittred, Steve Taylor, Roger Simnett, Kim Sawyer and Don Stokes. Financial support from the National University of Singapore is gratefully acknowledge. The usual caveats apply.     

The sales recovery audit: Learning to walk the talk

Little research attention has been devoted to the impact of salesperson failure and recovery management on customer relationship development. This paper develops a theoretically anchored and externally validated sales recovery audit for the purpose of assessing sales organization performance in these matters. Results based on a survey of 177 sales managers indicate that practice of sales recovery efforts lags behind their perceived importance as they relate to organizational success. The sales recovery audit presented here can be a useful tool to continuously evaluate and enhance sales recovery efforts for the purpose of building a stronger relationship selling organization.     

Health,safety and environmental protection: A new audit program

In September, 1985, Union Carbide established a new, comprehensive corporate-level audit program. The development of this program included careful consideration and incorporation of current and emerging practices in the field of health, safety, product responsibility and environmental auditing. Union Carbide's efforts in this area are but one element of its overall health, safety and environmental management system.     

Managing business relationships during a pandemic: Conducting a relationship audit and developing a path forward

During stable times, firms will generally aim to create reliable B2B relationships that provide increased efficiency and profitability. However, tumultuous times, such as the time during a major pandemic, cause many significant disruptions in both internal and external environmental domains. Thus, we argue that it is critical during this time to reevaluate the company's business relationships as a whole. While long-term partnerships are great for handling incremental changes during stable times, disruptive environmental changes may require managers to consider disruptive changes to their businesses. A pandemic may also present opportunities for establishing new relationships as there may be other partners/suppliers who are better equipped to help the company address urgent short-term needs and to capitalize on significant long-term opportunities. In this paper, we design a new relationship audit template to help B2B firms weather the immediate crisis at hand and position themselves more strategically for the future. We explore this idea in relation to the coronavirus outbreak, introduce the idea of a B2B crisis relationship audit, and offer potential steps forward for firms.