我国土地利用规划实施评价的研究现状

采用文献资料法、对比分析法和逻辑推理法,对我国土地利用规划实施评价的不足及原因进行分析.研究认为提高我国土地利用规划编制水平、规划实施评价体系及评价模型的科学性与国土资源管理的信息化水平,应更新规划实施评价理念及评价标准并应引进信息化管理技术.同时提出了规划管理信息系统的构建思路.     

英国规划管理体系特征及启示——基于规划许可制度视角

英国是较早将规划纳入公共管理职能的国家,规划体系相对比较完备,在规划实施和管理上建立了较为完善的规划许可制度。文章概述了规划体系产生背景、法律依据及其结构与管控功能,系统地分析了英国规划许可制度的基本要义、申请步骤及审批结果与监督,深入剖析并总结了英国规划许可制度的主要特点。借鉴英国规划管理工作相关经验,对我国规划管理工作提出建议:(1)健全规划管理制度,强化规划许可的刚性约束;(2)构建科学合理指标体系,实施项目开发全生命周期管理;(3)完善规划实施监督体系,架构有效的公众参与机制。     

新一轮土地利用总体规划实施面临的问题与对策

在分析我国前两轮土地利用总体规划实施管理过程中存在问题的基础上,指出新一轮土地利用总体规划实施管理面临的主要问题是:耕地保护任务艰巨;建设用地供应量不足;土地利用与环境保护之间的矛盾仍难得到根本解决;与相关规划难以充分衔接;规划调整与修改不可避免等。提出新一轮土地利用总体规划实施管理对策;建立规划实施管理动态监测机制;建立部门联合决策的土地利用决策机制;完善规划实施管理的法律法规;逐步推进公众参与;加强规划调整与修改的制度建设。     

建立土地利用规划实施管理保障体系

通过分析国内土地利用规划实施管理工作现状,借鉴国外规划管理实施的措施,提出建立我国土地利用规划实施管理保障体系的目的、原则和初步框架,并就法律、行政、经 济、社会、科技等有关措施的内容以及相互关系进行了阐述,提出了参考性的建议.     

矿产资源规划中存在的问题及其对策研究

青海省已经基本编制完成了省、州、县三级矿产资源规划,为矿产资源的调查评价和勘查、开发与保护、管理提供了依据。但规划中存在着规划体系不完善,编制质量不高和定位不准,多方规划和多头审批,实施和管理难度大等问题。为真正发挥规划的作用,应完善规划体系,提升规划的严肃性和权威性,理顺部门关系和利益,明确三级规划的内容,加强矿政管理以促进规划实施,提高规划的编制质量和速度。     

发挥市县级矿产资源规划作用的几点思考

市县级矿产资源规划是国家矿产资源规划体系的重要组成部分,第二轮市县级规划编制实施正在全面展开,目前,1356个市县级规划获批准发布。由于各种原因,市县级规划编制实施过程中存在着基础资料缺乏、部门利益协调难、实施难度大等问题。从市县矿政管理特点出发,在规划的组织上、规划内容设定和规划实施管理等方面进一步细化完善,可以更好地发挥市县级矿产资源规划的作用。     

湖南省矿产资源规划管理工作的经验及启示

湖南省国土资源管理部门在矿产资源规划管理方面的一些好的做法值得借鉴和推广,存在的一些问题亟待研究解决。影响矿产资源规划有效实施的主要问题及原因:①规划的法律地位不高;②规划意识有待于全面提高;③规划实施管理制度有待完善;④规划管理信息系统的推广应用不尽人意;⑤地质资料管理存在缺憾。做好下一步矿产资源规划工作的建议:①加快矿产资源规划立法和制度建设;②做好规划中期评估工作;③适时推进规划年度实施方案;④加强规划管理信息系统的推广应用。     

土地利用总体规划实施评价类型及方法

研究目的:探讨简便易行的用于土地利用总体规划实施评价的方法。研究方法:通过分析土地利用总体规划实施评价目的,提出了其类型划分。以实施结果评价类型为主,设计了实施评价的指标体系及其计算模型,并应用于济南市。研究结果:(1)规划实施评价中人们更关心规划的执行效果和规划实施效益;(2)在农业区中规划执行总体情况较好,在城市扩展区中规划实施总体情况较差;(3)规划实施有效性和规划实施手段需要加强;(4)规划的社会认知水平需要提高。研究结论:该方法简便易行,操作性强,可以计算不同地区的实施情况,还可以计算区域总体实施情况。从计算结果可以分析实施中问题出现的原因,为完善规划修编及其管理提供参考。     

流域国土空间规划实施保障机制研究——以长江经济带为例

流域国土空间规划在国土空间规划体系中的地位特殊,规划实施的相应保障政策机制尚未系统化。文章以长江经济带为例,梳理了国土空间规划实施保障机制的体系与内容,搭建流域国土空间规划实施保障体系框架。长江经济带国土空间规划实施保障机制存在规划实施主体与责任不明确、规划实施传导体系欠缺和国土空间实施用途管制未形成常态化制度等问题。因此,流域国土空间规划须要采取明确规划实施主体与责任、健全规划全生命周期管理制度和严格重点区域空间管控等相关策略以保障规划实施,完善全国流域国土空间规划体系,提升规划实施的管理效能。     

新时期土地利用规划修编的理论与方法及实施制度创新的研究

利用文献资料分析法,在分析我国土地利用规划所面临的形势和总结了1997—2010年轮次土地利用规划决策实施存在问题的基础上,提出了土地利用规划理论、方法和实施制度创新的设想,指出规划需要树立以人为本的理念、目标有限性理念和刚性与弹性规划结合等理念,注重绿色规划;规划分区应在建立新的土地分类基础上,按照土地利用规划控制方向的一致性划分土地利用区,以适用规划管理的要求;注重规划编制修改制度的规范化,提出了规划实施制度创新的设想。     

DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING: A TOOL FOR FARM FIRM GROWTH RESEARCH

This paper is concerned with dynamic programming as a tool for studying the process of farm firm growth. Studies of growth are restricted by characteristics of the analytical tools used. Dynamic programming provides a method for including added realism in conceptual and analytical growth models. This paper illustrates the formulation of a firm growth problem in a dynamic programming framework and discusses advantages and disadvantages of such models. The type of results obtained from dynamic programming is contrasted with that normally obtained from dynamic linear programming formulations.     

GOAL PROGRAMMING AND MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING IN FARM PLANNING: AN EXPOSITORY ANALYSIS

Several paradigms can be used to analyse multiple-criteria decision-making problems. Of these goal programming is probably the most widely used one, at least in management science. Goal programming seems to offer considerable potential for application to multiple-criteria problems in farm planning. However, its applications in agricultural economics have been few and far between. Even these attempts seem to suffer from some serious misconceptions. In this paper an effort is made to explain the structure of a goal programming model by deriving it from the familiar paradigm of linear programming. This is done to put the potential usefulness of goal programming and its relationship to linear programming in perspective, and to encourage further applications to multiple-criteria decision-making in farm planning.     

Assisting decision-making in Queensland barley production through chance constrained programming

A chance constrained programming model is developed to assist Queensland barley growers make varietal and agronomic decisions in the face of changing product demands and volatile production conditions. Unsuitable or overlooked in many risk programming applications, the chance constrained programming approach nonetheless aptly captures the single-stage decision problem faced by barley growers of whether to plant lower-yielding but potentially higher-priced malting varieties, given a particular expectation of meeting malting grade standards. Different expectations greatly affect the optimal mix of malting and feed barley activities. The analysis highlights the suitability of chance constrained programming to this specific class of farm decision problem.     

我国主体功能区规划的特征、原则和基本思路

该文阐述了我国主体功能区的基本内涵、主体功能区规划的编制及主要特征及规划的5项基本原则,提出构建国家和省两级主体功能区规划体系、国家和省两级均以县级单位作主体功能区规划的基本单位,建立重点突出简明实用的指标体系等5项主要思路。     

INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING

In this paper an attempt is made to formulate one type of international trade problem within a class of mathematical programming models. A new approach–from the dual side–to the proofs of existence and characteristics of the solution of the Koopmans-Hitchcock transportation cost minimization linear programming problem is presented, and the same approach is applied to the quadratic programming formulation of the problem.     

GOAL PROGRAMMING AND MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING IN FARM PLANNING: SOME EXTENSIONS

This paper is the sequel to a previous article by Romero and Rehman on the role of multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, particularly goal programming (GP), in farm planning. This assessment of the potential usefulness of the MCDM paradigm is carried further and now covers the extensions to GP and other related methodologies such as multiobjective programming, compromise programming, multigoal programming and generalised GP. Later analysis is focused on methods of dealing with uncertainty and risk in farm planning models, by demonstrating how game theoretic principles and the MOTAD approach (along with its main variant, target MOTAD) can be incorporated within the MCDM framework.     

LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND GAME THEORY MODLES—SOME EXTENSIONS

This is an extension of the author's earlier paper in this Journal, showing how the complete range of decision criteria conventionally associated with game theory can be applied in conjunction with a linear programming model. The use of these criteria is demonstrated in relation to the same farm planning problem as was shown earlier in the development of Maximin programming, and a comparison of all the alternative plans resulting from the adoption of a game theoretic decision framework is presented.     

DERIVATION OF OPTIMAL LIVESTOCK RATIONS USING QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING

Linear programming has been used extensively as a procedure for formulating least-cost livestock rations. More recently attention has heen focused on the incorporation of information on animal performance into the linear programming derivation of optimum livestock rations. Where the production is a quadratic function of nutrient inputs and where there are a large number of possible ration ingredients, parametric quadratic programming is shown to be an efficient computational technique for the derivation of “expansion path” rations. The region of economic interest along the expansion path is identified for the liveweight gain interval described by the production function. The rise of information contained in programming solutions to evaluate the economic significance of nutrient requirements and to aid in the search for possible ration ingredients is briefly discussed.     

GIS和RS技术在城市绿地规划方面的应用

城市绿地规划是城市资源环境建设中的一个重要环节，本文主要探讨RS和GIS技术在绿地规划方面的应用方向和模式及其应用过程和流程。     

COMPROMISE-RISK PROGRAMMING FOR AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE ALLOCATION PROBLEMS: AN ILLUSTRATION

This paper presents a novel approach for dealing with risk in agricultural resource allocation decisions by synthesising the conventional Markowitzean, or MOTAD, methods within a compromise programming model to generate ‘best-compromise’ solutions which come closest to an ideal point defined in terms of risk minimisation. This approach can be regarded as the compromise-risk programming model. The purpose here is to show how this ‘hybridisation’ of Markowitz/MOTAD and compromise programming approaches overcomes some of the weaknesses of the traditional approach to handling risk in resource allocation models.