全球经济一体化与税收国际化趋势的探究

本文以税收与经济的关系为基础,从世界经济发展趋势的角度来探求全球税收制度的发展趋势,分别论述了经济全球化、经济信息化以及经济可持续发展等因素对于世界税收制度发展趋势的影响,并对国际税收组织建立的必要性进行了探讨.     

美国破产法金融合约例外条款评析

美国破产法传统上给予若干金融合约以程度不等的破产安全港保护。2005年《破产改革法》显著扩展了安全港的覆盖范围,尤其是在金融衍生产品领域,实质上由“特定保护”演变为“市场保护”。在金融合约的辨识和判定方面,破产改革法强化了业界惯例和市场实践的作用,压缩了法院自由裁量的空间。相比以前,金融合约安全港的界线更为清晰。     

自我信贷配给、农村家庭财务能力与非正规借贷——基于江苏省495户农村家庭的调查

通过建立分位数回归模型,分析了自我信贷配给农村家庭财务能力水平与其非正规借贷规模之间的关系,实证结果显示:具有自我信贷配给特征的农村家庭,家庭财务能力与非正规借贷数量显著正相关;其中财务能力较低组农村家庭,其财务能力与借贷规模呈显著负相关关系;财务能力中等组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响;财务能力较高组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响越大.从而验证了我国农村“越穷越借,越借越穷”与“量入为出,不愿负债”并存的现象.因此,加强农村金融知识培训与普及、引导农村居民形成理性财务思维,提高农村家庭财务能力将有助于农村家庭更好地通过使用非正规借贷优化家庭财务效用.     

金融机构在税收征管中的第三方协助义务——以金融隐私权为核心

随着金融交易在现代经济中的重要性日益突出,金融信息也成为税收征管不可或缺的重要课税资料之一。但金融机构基于金融隐私权的保护而承担的信息保密义务,却已成为制约税务机关获取金融交易信息的重要法律障碍之一;这一障碍即便是《税收征管法》明确规定金融机构的第三方协助义务后也无法予以清除。因此,如何在金融隐私权的保护与税务机关金融信息的取得之间实现一定的平衡,如何促进金融机构积极履行其在税收征管中的第三方协助义务,便成为《税收征管法》修改的重要内容。为此,有必要构建税务机关获取金融信息的渠道、确立金融机构协助义务的履行,并明确税务机关获取信息的法律界限。     

智慧金融与金融信息人才培养

本文简要叙述了智慧金融的概念,讨论了智慧金融在我国的发展趋势,认为我国金融行业正处于从金融电子化、网络化向金融信息化、智能化转变的关键时期,其特点是信息技术与金融业务的高度融合,并将迎来新一轮的高速发展。本文分析了智慧金融对金融信息人才的新要求,对如何培养适应智慧金融需要的金融信息人才提出几点看法。     

地区信用环境评价指标体系的探索和思考

本文结合经济发展的实际情况,根据信用环境评价指标体系的构建原则,在对影响我国地区信用环境的各个要素进行深入分析的基础上,建立了一套比较科学的信用环境评价指标体系,该指标体系包含7个准则层、15个领域层以及54个指标,为下一步构建信用环境评估模型,开展信用环境实例研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

个人金融账户信息的法律界定

《个人信息保护法》将金融账户信息纳入敏感个人信息的范围,但未作出明确的界定。界定标准的不明确将导致权利主体权益易损、义务主体责任不明、司法裁判依据不清。考察域外立法例,同时结合我国有关立法现状和实践,宜采取“定义+列举+排除”的界定模式,以“信息主体”“信息性质”和“信息处理”为定义的考量因素,从立法、实践的综合角度进行列举,并排除通过间接识别才能确认的金融账户信息。基于此,我国出台“金融账户信息”的司法解释可侧重四个方面,以实现个人信息的保护和社会信息利用的动态平衡。     

Debate: Would outcome costing and integrated reporting link resources to strategy in the public sector?

This paper explores how three local authorities in England have tried to facilitate personalized home care for older people through changes in commissioning and market development activities; and how these changes have been experienced by support planners and home care agency managers. Overall, it appears that changes are well intended, but the practicalities of implementing them raise some challenges that mean desired objectives may not always be achieved.     

金融消费者的隐私权保护浅析

在消费者的诸多权利当中,由于公民权利意识的淡薄以及没有针对性强的法律约束,消费者的金融隐私权一直没有得到足够的重视,于是这项权利被侵犯的现象时有发生.而随着法制建设的逐步完善和金融市场的不断发展,金融隐私权的保护将是未来值得重点关注的内容.本文在介绍金融隐私权概念、特征及现状的基础上,探讨了金融隐私权保护不当所引发的风险,并且从博弈的角度给出了针对此项权利的保护建议.     

我国互联网金融运行中存在的不足及完善建议

随着“互联网金融时代”的来临,我国互联网金融进入了发展的高峰期。然而,在其实际运行中,存在着诸多的不足,主要体现在互联网金融监管主体监管缺失、互联网金融经营主体信息披露和信息保护不健全、互联网金融系统自身应用技术的不完善三个方面,这些不足严重阻碍了互联网金融的健康有序发展。因此,有必要健全互联网金融监管体系,完善信息披露、保护制度,加强互联网金融消费者权益保护,构建互联网金融信息技术安全制度,有针对性地完善互联网金融运行过程中存在的不足。     

Poverty,Preference or Pensioners? Measuring Material Deprivation in the UK*

Indicators of material deprivation are typically based on a two-part question, asking, first, whether respondents possess a series of deprivation items and, second – if they do not – whether this is because of a lack of resources or is by choice. This second subquestion, or ‘enforced lack’ criterion, is ubiquitous but its efficacy has been questioned by a number of authors. In an important critique published in Fiscal Studies, McKay (2004) claimed that older people were more likely than younger respondents to report that they did not want the items they lacked, despite their lower incomes, and also that the enforced lack criterion introduced a subjectivity which, in effect, required respondents to feel poor in order to be classified as such. This critique has potentially profound implications for poverty measurement. In this paper, we seek to address the question of whether, if we are to employ indicators of material deprivation for poverty measurement, we should include the enforced lack criterion or not. In seeking to answer this question, we draw on data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and present tests of reliability and validity on indices of material deprivation, with and without the enforced lack criterion. Using odds ratio and analysis of variance methods, we find that the inclusion of the enforced lack criterion provides a measure of material deprivation which is both more reliable, and more valid based on a subjective measure of deprivation as well as on a majority of more objective forms of deprivation. Amongst the remaining minority (ill health for both methods and income quintile for the analysis of variance method), the divergent results can be explained, at least in part, by the older age profile of respondents in poor health and on low incomes. Thus, while there are legitimate concerns about the performance of such deprivation indicators amongst certain subgroups – in particular, amongst older people – on aggregate the enforced lack criterion helps to distinguish between poverty and preference.     

2007年上半年海南省经济金融运行分析

2007年上半年,受工业拉动影响,海南省经济持续高速发展;同时,在宏观调控的作用下,海南省金融运行呈现出明显的紧缩趋势.本文在对2007年上半年海南省经济金融运行情况作全局性介绍的基础上,简要分析了各项经济金融指标变动的原因,并针对经济金融运行的一些热点问题进行探讨.     

Have Financial Statements Become Less Informative? Evidence from the Ability of Financial Ratios to Predict Bankruptcy

Using a hazard model, we examine secular changes in the ability of financial statement data to predict bankruptcy from 1962 to 2002. We identify three trends in financial reporting that could influence predictive ability with respect to bankruptcy: FASB standards, the perceived increase in discretionary financial reporting behavior, and the increase in unrecognized assets and obligations. A parsimonious three-variable model provides significant explanatory power throughout the time period, with only a slight deterioration in predictive power from the first to the second time period. The striking feature of the results is the robustness of the predictive models over a forty-year period.JEL Classification: M41, G14, G33, C41     

金融风险的信息质量特征与我国金融会计制度改革

本文着眼于巴塞尔新资本协议第三次征求意见稿提出的金融风险监管和信息披露框架,以我国金融会计制度的国际化协调为切入点,分析了信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等金融风险的构成要素,指出现有监管信息系统和会计体系存在的问题.同时,本文还评价了我国新<金融企业会计制度>等规范对金融风险的披露和监管特征,分析了新制度对银行类上市公司所产生的影响,并提出了建立以风险计量会计披露为核心的监管体系的构想.本文最后对协同新巴塞尔协议的监管原则,建立完整的银行业信息披露框架,形成动态信息披露机制提出了一些建议.     

真实性:金融产品信息传播的生命

金融产品信息传播的真实性是金融产品信息传播的生命，金融产品在人们心目中树立起的“铁的信誉”的社会形象，是金融部门长期坚持以竭诚服务、信誉第一为宗旨的必然结果，金融的信誉是靠诚实的金融工作取得的。信誉是金融产品的生命，同样，真实性也是金融信息传播的生命所在，是金融产品信息传播存在的基础。     

Economic crisis and determinants of solvency in the insurance sector: new evidence from Spain

This paper analyses the factors that determine the solvency of insurance companies operating in Spain. The selected time span, from 2008 to 2015, encompasses a period of economic instability characterised by record low interest rates and low or even negative economic growth. Using a dynamic panel data model, we conclude that actual solvency margins are positively related to profitability, underwriting risk and a mutual-type organisation but inversely related to size, reinsurance use, longer-tailed business and life insurance specialisation. We also find that less concentrated markets and the context of an economic crisis decrease solvency margins.     

Economic interdependence and common stochastic trends: A comparative analysis between EMU and non-EMU stock markets

Whether economic interdependence among countries is a contributing factor to cointegration and common stochastic trends in international stock markets is indiscernible due to contradictory results from prior empirical work. This study aims to add clarity to this issue through a more distinct grouping of countries and methodological enhancements. A comparative analysis of cointegration is conducted between stock market price indices of major Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and non-EMU countries. The conventional Johansen methodology is augmented with several diagnostic techniques (that have not been all inclusive in previous studies) to ensure the robustness of test results. Major findings pertinent to investors and policymakers are that economic interdependence appears to be the important contributing factor and that the U.S. stock market does not exert influences on long-run performances of other included stock markets. Furthermore, while the UK is not an EMU member, it may be viewed as a quasi EMU participant due to its stock market being cointegrated with and yet one of the common stochastic trends (besides those of Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands) within the EMU stock markets under investigation.     

我国退市制度与亏损公司财务能力研究

本文以我国2001-2010年的连续亏损上市公司为研究对象,分析了这些公司连续亏损期间财务能力的持续性和差异性。研究发现：连续亏损期间,公司财务能力持续恶化,但那些最终扭亏为盈公司的财务能力较强;亏损公司均有利用非经常性损益操纵会计盈余以规避退市监管的倾向。研究证实,以亏损持续时间为标准制定退市政策具有一定的逻辑合理性,但存在容易被规避的缺陷。     

衍生金融工具会计风险问题研究

针对大多数衍生金融工具为表外业务,无法在财务报表中加以确认和计量的特点,本文讨论了衍生金融工具存在的计量风险,以及采用公允价值方法与及时信息披露方法结合对衍生金融工具计量和披露,由于会计计量属性的原因,会计难以全面披露衍生金融工具的风险,由此讨论如何规避由于采用衍生金融工具而导致的会计风险的方法和措施。     

我国金融信息服务的检视与展望

金融信息服务旨在为金融用户提供财经资讯、金融数据等各式金融信息服务产品,为其掌握市场动态、规避金融风险,具有跨领域的复杂性。虽然我国金融信息服务行业发展迅速,但其起步晚,规模小,与国际领先的金融信息服务行业巨头存在较大差距。具体表现为金融信息服务商独立性差,与媒体深度合作的效果欠佳以及国际化服务水平低等。因此,要打造本土具有优势竞争力的龙头企业,需要镜鉴国际经验,创新金融信息服务的发展领域;坚持金融科技赋能行业创新以及全面优化金融基础设施建设;通过加强对金融信息服务的监管,破解金融业信息不对称难题,促进行业的健康有序发展,提升我国在国际金融领域的话语权。