后凯恩斯学派的方法论思想新进展评析

后凯恩斯学派,有时又叫做剑桥派凯恩斯主义,一般通称为后凯恩斯经济学,是当代西方一个重要的非主流经济学派,其理论观点与政策主张曾经产生过较大影响,近年来又取得若干令人瞩目的新发展.本文拟对其方法论思想特征及其近年来的新发展做一较为详细的追踪梳理与考察分析,并探讨其对于中国经济学研究所具有的启示与借鉴意义.     

Post Keynesianism,Heterodoxy and Mainstream Economics

After briefly presenting the concepts of orthodox, mainstream and heterodox economics, and applying them to the contemporary period, this article discusses the Post Keynesian school and its relation to contemporary orthodox and mainstream economics. While opposed to the neoclassical orthodoxy, the Post Keynesian school has some positive unifying ideas, although some internal tensions remain. There are also some overlaps between Post Keynesianism and other approaches, and a careful combination of contributions from different approaches and different disciplines is not only possible, but also necessary. Post Keynesianism is located outside current mainstream economics, although this argument partly depends on a more precise specification of the concept of uncertainty. The non-mainstream character of Post Keynesian economics has at least two types of important implications. The first involves the approach's ability to influence the economy and the danger of ‘the scholastic fallacy’; the second refers to a reproductive difficulty inside academia.     

The Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics

There have been strong ties between the Cambridge Journal ofEconomics (CJE) and the Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics,from the very beginning. In this paper, the author investigatesthe environment that saw the birth of the CJE at Cambridge (UK),in 1977, and the relationship that linked it to the direct pupilsof Keynes. A critical question is explicitly examined: why didn'tthe ‘Keynesian revolution’ succeed in becoming apermanent winning paradigm? Some behavioural mistakes of themembers of the Keynesian School may explain this lack of success,but only to a certain extent. In any case, there were and therestill are remedies too. But what we are inheriting is a uniqueset of analytical building blocks (the paper lists eight ofthem) that makes this School of economics a viable (and in somedirections definitely superior) alternative to mainstream economics.Admittedly, there is some important work still to be done. Thepaper highlights the need for a two-stage approach, addressingpure theory and extensive institutional analysis. It is arguedthat a combination of the two would strengthen the coherenceof the theoretical foundations, and at the same time would providea fruitful extension of economic analysis to empirical, institutionaland economic dynamics investigations.     

试论凯恩斯经济学研究方法的新取向

随着主流凯恩斯主义经济学的流行，原创性的凯恩斯经济学实际上已经“夭折”了，它的革命思想并没有得到真正的阐发与传播。从范式角度比较和分析原创性凯恩斯经济学和三个凯恩斯经济学流派之间的本质关系后发现，后凯恩斯经济学对原创性凯恩斯经济学的研究提供了重要启示；但是后凯恩斯经济学的理论局限性说明，必须探索一种新的研究方法，即一种制度的演化的经济学范式，从而推动凯恩斯经济学的进一步发展。     

Theory creation and the methodological foundation of Post Keynesian economics

For the last 15 years there have been extensive discussionsabout the foundations of Post Keynesian economics. From thesediscussions, Post Keynesians have reached the consensus thattheir economics is based on a philosophical foundation of realismand critical realism. However, the methodological foundationof Post Keynesian economics, which refers to the methodologicalguidelines used for creating and developing theory, has receivedrelatively less discussion and development. The aim of thispaper is to stimulate discussion in this area by advocatingthat the method of grounded theory is consistent with criticalrealism and is a better and more developed set of guidelinesfor theory creation than the currently accepted alternatives.     

马克思主义经济学与西方主流经济学比较

本文将两大经济学理论的深层内核结构均归结为四个维度的基本要素紧密相联的整体，其中作为核心生长点的基本价值倾向的差异使两大理论的内核结构形成了不同内涵，表现耿市场偏好与市场批判，个体主义与整体主义，资源配置视角与利益关系视角，均衡分析方法与矛盾分析方法的根本差异。通过对两大理论体系在其核心理论－－价值理论与收入分配理论方面的深层比较分析，可发现二者在哲学底蕴上还存在着现象主义与本质主义，现实主义与理想主义的重大差别，而这些差异也都是与二者深层内核结构特别是基本价值倾向的差异紧密相联的。     

The Fall and Rise of Keynesian Economics*

Keynesian economics came under much criticism in the 1970s This paper argues that the decline in Keynesian economics and the rise in, notably, new classical economics in this period related to their respective theoretical appeal rather than their ability to explain developments in the macroeconomy. As this has become increasingly recognized, and with the development of sound microeconomic foundations, Keynesian economics has again been on the rise.     

凯恩斯流动性偏好理论的后凯恩斯主义发展

本文从凯恩斯流动性偏好理论的形成为出发点,重点介绍了作为资产定价一般理论的流动性偏好,导致内生性货币供给的银行流动性偏好,通货膨胀条件下的流动性偏好.     

从主流范式到比较制度分析 --法律经济学理论思维空间的拓展

文章对法律经济学的主流范式在当代的思想流变及其理论困境作了阐述,指出了法律经济学理论未来发展的趋向是,从主流范式的注重对法律的新古典主义经济分析走向比较制度分析,而且在研究对象方面应将法律经济学的研究对象确立为治理制度和合作秩序,只有如此,法律经济学才能从主流范式的封闭思维和意识形态偏见中走出来;最后,文章指出了法律经济学的比较制度分析范式的未来发展所面临的新挑战和新命题.