反倾销中的非市场经济问题研究

中国已经连续7年成为世界上反倾销的头号目标,近年来,几乎所有针对中国的反倾销都指控中国是一个非市场经济国家。非市场经济地位已经给中国带来极大的负面影响,使中国出口企业在对外反倾销应诉中处于极为不利的地位,并成为败诉的主要原因,而中国企业难以胜诉,客观上又进一步刺激了某些W TO成员对中国的产品提起更多的反倾销申诉,形成恶性循环。要摆脱非市场经济的困扰,必须认清对中国实行“非市场经济”指控问题的实质,积极采取应对措施,争取应得利益。非市场经济地位的由来“非市场经济”(英文简称NME)问题,旧称“统制经济”问题,起源…     

转型经济中的可信承诺问题研究

可信承诺问题是转型经济体的一个重要问题。使承诺可信的途径有外生和内生两种。内生途径大体相当于博弈论中所强调的“声誉机制”,而外生途径则蕴含在一系列的制度安排之中,包括信息、权力和资源的分散化以及充分的竞争等。本文将以转型经济中两类重要的可信承诺问题———软预算约束问题和棘轮效应问题———的有关模型研究来说明我们的观点。     

Analyze the service outsourcing on the base of the modern economy theory

The paper provides information about the concept and the characteristics of the service outsourcing. It also analyzes the service outsourcing classification and the modem economy theory of the service outsourcing. Through the analysis, we hope to provide the foundation for further study.     

对服务贸易发展有关问题的思考

近来,无论是学术界、媒体还是在政府部门、企业界,对当前我国服务贸易的发展都给予了普遍的关注,人们意识到,中国服务业的发展不可能仅仅局限本土境内,要更多地进入国际市场,要在全球的服务贸易竞争中取得领先地位.但是在发展服务贸易的过程中,还面临着许多新的问题.     

对服务业"走出去"的战略思考

80年代以来,随着国际分工的益深化,国际产业结构的迅速调以及第三产业的日益发展和国际经济交流的不断扩大,国际服务易异军突起,发展速度超过了国货物贸易,并日益受到各国政府重视。据资料统计,国际服务贸易占全球贸易总额的25%,年平均长速度超过15%,远远快于货物易的增长速度。服务贸易的强劲展客观上促进了服务贸易自由化势。服务贸易的自由化,一方面将使我国服务市场进一步对外开,另一方面也为我国服务业进入际服务市场提供了机遇。传统市场上的有形商品的生产消费是相互分离的,生产者可以直接面对消费者而独立地生产产,为在适当地点与时…     

生态经济是新经济的革命

在崭新的21世纪，我们的价值观、世界观和经济组织方面需要一场革命。因为我们面临的环境危机的根源在于追求经济与技术发展时忽视了生态知识。而另一场革命——正在变质的工业革命，需要有经济增长、商品、空间和生物的新观念的变革来取代。自然的沦落与工业革命人类既是地球演化和生物进化的产物，同时又绝对地依赖于地球所提供的生存空间和生存基础，那就是地球上的环境与资源。按照原始社会的人口增长速度，3万年才能翻一番，1850年世界人口才达到10亿人。而从10亿到20亿，用了80年的时间;从20亿到30亿，用了30年的时间;从30亿到40亿，…     

简析虚拟经济与实体经济的关系

进入21世纪后,随着经济全球化的不断深入,虚拟经济的规模日益扩大,虚拟经济与实体经济日益脱离,正确处理好虚拟经济与实体经济的关系成为现实经济快速、稳定、可持续发展的必要条件。通过运用单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果关系检验,对我国的实体经济与虚拟经济关系进行了实证分析,结果表明,实体经济与虚拟经济的发展是不平衡的,不存在长期稳定的协整关系。     

低碳经济与中国经济可持续发展

经济危机爆发以来,各国都把气候问题和经济发展愈发紧密地联系在一起,于是低碳经济被提到前所未有的高度.中国经济的快速发展也造成了资源的过度浪费和对环境的过度污染,如何改变产业结构、调整引资战略、加强低碳技术创新以及建立碳交易市场等成为我国可持续发展待解之题.     

寺院经济与社会经济关系疏议

当代佛教寺院在商品经济的浪潮中纷纷从事农林业生产、工商业经营以及宗教服务、旅游服务等活动,形成了多样化的形态,不仅解决了自养问题、改善了生活条件,也为社会积累了财富。寺院经济作为社会主义市场经济中的一个重要的特殊实体经济,不仅是社会经济的重要补充,而且还发挥着“经济水库”的调节作用。     

新经济应是伦理道德经济

人类已经跨进了一个崭新的世纪。21世纪无疑是知识经济时代、网络经济时代、生态经济时代，这已经成为社会的普遍共识。江泽民总书记在2000年11月16日《亚太经合组织第八次领导人非正式会议上的讲话》中指出：“所谓‘新经济’，也就是人们比较普遍认为的主要以高新技术及其产业为基础和支撑的经济。目前正在加快出现和发展。”知识经济是和农业经济、工业经济相对的概念，是指以知识和信息的生产、分配和使用为基础，以创造性的人力资源为依托，以高科技产业及智业为支柱的知识密集性、智慧型新型经济形态，它是当今世界一种全新的富有生命…     

惯例经济到法制经济--从WTO的基本要求谈起

当前我们要建设规范的制度化的市场经济，重要的一点就是要促使我们的市场经济尽快实现从惯例经济到法制经济的过渡，而这与WTO的基本要求即开放市场，遵守规则是相符的。从惯例经济到法制经济的过渡是一种社会历史的进步，尽快实现这种过渡能促使我们从WTO中谋取更多的利益，而只有按照WTO的基本要求去做，才能更快地实现这种过渡。     

Political economy of taxation in an overlapping-generations economy

This paper analyzes the effects of intergenerational conflict on capital and labor income tax rates, transfers, and government spending in a model of multidimensional policy choice. The different nature of tax liabilities for the young and the old can explain why the old receive large gross lump-sum transfers through social security, while the young receive little or none. A natural link also emerges between the size of the government as a provider of public goods and the magnitude of transfers that the same government will implement.     

经济虚拟化与虚拟经济的独立性特征研究--虚拟经济与实体经济关系的动态化过程

本文运用动态相关多元GARCH模型研究了1919年至2004年虚拟经济与实体经济相关性的时变特征。结果发现，虚拟经济与实体经济的相关性存在着明显的时变特征，具体表现为一个经济虚拟化的过程：二战前实体经济与虚拟经济存在着明显的相关性，随后呈现一个逐渐递减的趋势，在20世纪80年代后，虚拟经济表现出明显的独立性特征，经济运行方式与之前存在显著的差异，虚拟经济与实体经济呈两个相对独立的经济系统而存在，从而验证了经济虚拟化之后，虚拟经济作为与实体经济相对的经济系统的相对独立性特征。     

政府干预经济及其在市场经济中角色的确立

不能以"守夜人"来佐证政府干预经济的不合理性;政府干预并非完全基于市场失灵;好政府干预与坏政府干预是不同的;政府干预与市场调节不能完全替代;政府在经济中的角色岂止是干预;当代,政府不仅是宏观经济的调控者,而且是公共产品和公共服务的提供者,国家竞争力的培育者,市场秩序的维护者和社会保障体系的建设者;要处理好市场配置资源与政府行为的关系.     

The structure of the German economy

Exploiting the information contained in an economy’s input-output matrix and using the novel approach developed by Fisher and Marshall (2011), we calculate Rybczynski effects and Stolper–Samuelson effects for Germany in 2007. We show how sectoral output and factor remuneration react to exogenous changes of factor endowments and product prices, respectively. These calculations are implemented using two different models comprising one with labour and capital as the classical production factors and one where we introduce patent stock as an additional factor of production. In the former, we further differentiate between a scenario where all production factors are mobile and one with sector-specific capital. In the latter analysis, we measure the impact of innovation-targeting policy action for sectoral output. Positive Rybczynski effects of patents and high-skilled workers are strongest in knowledge-intensive sectors, while other sectors contract. The introduction of patents as a further production factor has only minor influence on the Rybczynski effects of other factors.     

Progress and the economy of nature

Progress is a difficult concept, but the phenomenon itself seems to be more than just an illusion. In this paper we consider how a bioeconomic perspective can help to clarify matters, especially when we compare aspects of organic evolution to technological progress. Beginning with the influence of Malthus upon Darwin, we see how the latter's ideas differ in important respects from those of other biologists and from those of social scientists and philosophers. Consideration of biologist's views about competition and the reasons for specialization suggests ways in which matters might be clarified by a more 'entrepreneurial' view of the relationships of organisms to the natural economy.     

On the political economy of immigration

We study how immigration policies that impose capital and skill requirements would be determined under majority voting when native agents differ in their wealth holdings and vote to maximize their income.     

The future of the global economy

Although world growth is continuous throughout history, the balance of power is constantly shifting from one nation to another. From Egypt to Ancient Greece and Rome, all the way through modern western civilization, different nations struggle for power through various ways such as: war, science and technology, arts, commerce, economical transactions, and other forms of interaction.In this article we use the assumption that global activity, as measured by real GDP, follows the well known s-curve of natural growth. Furthermore in order to model the relative power of specific regions, namely Western Countries, China and the rest of the world, we use the Logistic Substitution method developed by Nakicenovic and Marchetti. Estimates from the derived models are tested against actual data and linked to real historical events where appropriate.The bottom line of these forecasts is that World GDP will continue to rise in the next years, and will probably reach its peak growth by the end of the next decade. China's emergence as a superpower is verified and could have been predicted even as way back as 1985 by using the Logistic Substitution method. If the current trend persists it is expected to more than double its percentage contribution to the World's gross domestic product during the next two decades and exceed Western Countries' aggregated GDP by 2034 at a level of almost 40%. By the year 2024 though China's economy is expected to enter the substitution phase, as our world will most likely experience the emergence of a new “superpower” that will take its place, and once more will change the international landscape as we know it today.     

论市场经济的复杂性

论证了市场经济作为一个自发生成的开放系统,其本源是非设计性的,其发展趋势是难以完全预测和驾驭的;作为一个开放的自组织系统,其本性不是像经典力学的封闭型热力学系统那样"自动趋于均衡",其常态是非均衡的、变动不居的;作为一个属人的复杂系统,其运行不能不受到具有迥然相异之意志、欲望和需求的人们的各种行为的干扰,也不能不受到它运行于其中自然环境、社会制度、历史文化、传统习俗等因素的制约,其未来充满不确定性.社会主义市场经济既具有市场经济一般意义上的复杂性,又具有基于社会主义初级阶段基本国情的特殊意义上的复杂性.中国的理论经济学研究应当正视这个基本事实.     

Simulation model of the polish economy

This paper presents some results of the simulation model of the Polish economy in transition from the planned to market one. The simulation model is nonlinear and dynamic. It consists of 800 balance equations, 40 of which are difference state equations. The basic time unit is one quarter while the calculation horizon spans between three and 10 years. It was calibrated to the 1994–96 statistical data. The model contains the aggregates of production (divided between the state and private sectors and three production branches), households, public sector, banking system, and foreign trade. The simulation attempts to forecast chosen macroeconomic variables resulting from different scenarios. Sets of effective (Pareto-optimal) solutions and effective growth paths of economy were obtained. The simulation results help to better understand the macroeconomic process in the transition period and can be useful for central-level decisionmakers. This work was partially supported by grant No. 1 HO2B 023 09 from Komitet Badan Naukowych (Polish State Committee for Scientific Research).