Summary of promoting and evaluating effective teaching: American accounting association teaching and curriculum section

Teaching, research and service have traditionally been viewed as the primary roles of institutions of higher learning. Recently colleges and universities have been reevaluating their commitment to teaching in response to new accreditation guidelines and pressure from state legislatures and other stakeholders who contribute to the budgets of higher education. Many professors and college administrators have also called for a renewed emphasis on teaching. In keeping with this renaissance of interest in teaching, the Teaching and Curriculum Section of the AAA initiated a project in the summer of 1994 to examine methods for promoting and evaluating effective teaching.This report presents an overview of the Committee's work. In addition to identifying five accounting programs with “best practice” systems for promoting and evaluating teaching effectiveness, the Committee's report stresses the importance of a comprehensive administrative system and the AECC's dimensions of effective teaching.     

Evolution,revolution or nothing at all? Recent reforms to Canadian bankruptcy and insolvency legislation

On November 25, 2005, Canada's Parliament passed legislation to reform its bankruptcy and insolvency legislation (2005 Amendments). The 2005 Amendments were built from a report of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce (Senate Committee), although the Canadian Parliament did not adopt all of the recommendations contained in that report. As well, the 2005 Amendments adopted significantly revised versions of many of the Senate Committee's recommendations. As a result, stakeholders, including the Senate Committee itself, were not satisfied with the 2005 Amendments and sought to have Parliament delay the proclamation of them with a view to providing further commentary on the proposed changes. Thus, the 2005 Amendments are not yet in force, but the current government appears to be committed to proclaiming them, or some form of them, in the near future. This paper examines some of the issues contained in the 2005 Amendments, by providing a summary of the Senate Report, reviewing the amendments and determining whether Parliament responded to the Senate Committee's recommendations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Standard & Poor's official response to the Basel Committee's proposal

The following text is Standard & Poor's official response to the Basel Committee's proposal, which was presented to the regulators in December 1999. Standard & Poor’s welcomes the opportunity to respond to the committee’s proposal. The risk adjustment of capital, introduced in a simplified format in the 1988 Basel accord, was adopted by most of the world’s bank regulatory regimes. The current proposal could meaningfully advance this process, a development that Standard & Poor’s strongly supports.     

Moody’s investors service response to the consultative paper issued by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision “A new capital adequacy framework”

Moody's endorses the Basel Committee's proposal to use banks' internal risk assessments to refine the Basel Accord's risk weights on bank assets and commitments. External risk assessments, such as Moody's credit ratings, will likely play a supporting role as direct inputs into banks' internal rating systems and as tools for benchmarking and validating those systems. However, the widespread use of ratings in regulation threatens to undermine the quality of credit over time by increasing rating shopping, decreasing rating agency independence, and reducing incentives to innovate and improve the quality of ratings. This paper discusses how bank regulators can use external ratings in ways that mitigate the adverse incentives created by the resulting regulatory demand for rating agency services.     

One Man Two Hats: What's All the Commotion!

We examine performance in publicly listed U.K. companies over a period that encompasses the issuance of the Cadbury Committee's Code of Best Practice, which calls for the abolition of the combined CEO/COB position. We find that companies splitting the combined CEO/COB position to conform to the Code's requirement did not exhibit any absolute or relative improvement in performance when compared to various peer‐group benchmarks. We do not necessarily scoff at mandated board structures, but the evidence suggests that this particular legislature coerced the abandonment of the combined CEO/COB position and appears to be wide of the mark.     

An analysis of VaR-based capital requirements

We study the behavior of a financial institution subject to capital requirements based on self-reported VaR measures, as in the Basel Committee's Internal Models Approach. We view these capital requirements and the associated backtesting procedure as a mechanism designed to induce financial institutions to reveal the risk of their investments and to support this risk with adequate levels of capital. Accordingly, we consider the simultaneous choice of an optimal dynamic reporting and investment strategy. Overall, we find that VaR-based capital requirements can be very effective not only in curbing portfolio risk but also in inducing revelation of this risk.     

International compliance with new Basel Accord principles for risk governance

We assess international compliance with the Basel Committee's 2010 guidance on governance of banking organisations. Based on an extensive examination of regulatory documents in selected advanced economies, we find that reform is incomplete in jurisdictions most affected by the financial crisis, and with the largest financial centres. In contrast, other countries less affected by the financial crisis have enacted risk governance reforms as protection against potential future contagion. We provide insights for policy‐makers charged with improving governance at banks, and a richer understanding for international regulators as they revise the guidelines and aim for greater compliance at the national level.     

Summary of “outcomes assessment”: American Accounting Association Teaching and Curriculum Section outcomes assessment committee

A number of state legislatures, or their boards of higher education, along with the major academic accrediting agencies are now requiring institutions of higher education to include outcomes assessments in their evaluation process. Because of the significant impact this will have on all accounting programs, the Teaching and Curriculum Section of the AAA established a committee to examine the issues of outcomes assessment, and to provide an overview on the expected continued developments of this recent advance. Outcomes assessment focuses on the outcomes of the educational process, rather than on the inputs or on the learning environment. These outcomes are student-based, and may include behavioral, affective, and cognitive characteristics. Many institutions are struggling with attempting to find measurement devices that reflect their programs' objectives. Some universities have developed their own instruments, while others are using commercially available instruments. This report presents an overview of the Committee's work, and stresses the key role that faculty must play in the continuing development of outcomes assessment.¹     

A Cost–Benefit Approach to the Evaluation of Regional Selective Assistance

The ‘Green Book’ and the recent EGRUP report support exchequer cost per job as a key input in the ex-ante appraisal of individual applications for Regional Selective Assistance (RSA) and the ex-post evaluation of the RSA scheme as a whole. In this paper, following a recommendation in the House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee's report on regional policy, the merits of an alternative, explicitly cost-benefit, framework are outlined. This approach incorporates the administration and compliance costs of the subsidy, costs at present ignored in RSA evaluation studies. An optimal ex-ante appraisal rule is developed. This takes the form of a cost-per-job ceiling, and a representative value is calculated for this figure. JEL classification: H20.     

中国经济波动的产出和通胀效应 ——基于供求冲击相关的SVAR模型分析

本文结合产出缺口-通胀形式的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）,构建了产出缺口和通 胀率的SVAR模型,并将识别结果同B-Q约束条件下的识别结果进行比较,以此来探究我国近 三十多年来宏观经济系统中需求冲击和供给冲击对产出和通胀动态的效应。主要得出以下结 论：第一,供求冲击之间高度相关;第二,需求冲击是我国通胀波动的决定性因素,并且存在 持久稳定的效应。第三,供给冲击是我国经济增长的绝对主导力量。第四,我国存在相对陡峭 的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）。第五,产出缺口与同比CPI对我国经济状况的拟合效果最好。     

CEOs' Outside Employment Opportunities and the Lack of Relative Performance Evaluation in Compensation Contracts

Although agency theory suggests that firms should index executive compensation to remove market‐wide effects (i.e., RPE), there is little evidence to support this theory. Oyer (2004, Journal of Finance 59, 1619–1649) posits that an absence of RPE is optimal if the CEO's reservation wages from outside employment opportunities vary with the economy's fortunes. We directly test and find support for Oyer's (2004) theory. We argue that the CEO's outside opportunities depend on his talent, as proxied by the CEO's financial press visibility and his firm's industry‐adjusted ROA. Our results are robust to alternate explanations such as managerial skimming, oligopoly, and asymmetric benchmarking.     

A Remark on "A Shortcut Way of Pricing Default Risk Through Zero-Utility Principle"

This remark studies Tibiletti's bargaining condition and shows that, for risk neutral buyers or the default loss are small relative to the buyer's size, there exists a more shortcut bargaining condition.     

我国传媒上市企业资本结构与公司绩效关系的实证研究

资本市场的大幅膨胀,传媒企业竞相上市,中国传媒行业掀起一波融资热潮。以我国的传媒行业2007～2009年数据为研究样本对我国传媒上市企业资本结构与公司绩效关系进行实证研究,结果表明,我国传媒业的资本结构与企业绩效之间存在负相关关系,此外,模型中加入的控制变量中股权集中度、公司成长性、资产流动性以及股权流动性与资本结构存在显著的线性相关性。     

预期寿命对中国养老保险支出的影响效应——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

利用1995—2014年我国31个省份的省级面板数据实证检验了预期寿命延长对我国养老金支出的影响效应。结果发现：人口平均预期寿命对我国养老金支出水平具有显著的正向影响。实证结果显示：研究样本期间内人口平均预期寿命的增加导致了我国养老金支出水平增加了0.94个百分点,对养老金支出水平增加的贡献度高达76%,成为了我国养老金支出增加的主导因素。随着我国人口预期寿命延长模式逐渐进入到以老年人口死亡率下降为主导,这种人口增龄效应对养老金支出的影响还会进一步增强和深入,在未来养老保险制度改革优化过程中需对预期寿命这一因素加以重点关注。     

回到“定分”经济学： 法律经济学对科斯定理的误读与澄清

科斯定理面世至今,不管是在经济学界还是法学界,均存在对该定理的诸多理论误读。从科斯一以贯之的理论逻辑出发,基于一般化的交易成本概念和比较制度分析进路,科斯定理的重点是科斯第二定理（或科斯定律）,即一种“经济的法律分析”。但基于新古典经济学的最优化思维,波斯纳错将科斯第一定理视作科斯定理的核心和重点,不仅将该定理内在的财富最大化视为法律（包括立法和司法）的应然目标,也将最优化模型视为法学研究的基本方法。这是一种将法律视为新古典经济学最优理论之新殖民地的“法律的经济分析”。该理论不仅与科斯经济学背道而驰,还导致了国内法学界在科斯定理上的误判和误用。基于此,我们应该回归科斯所提倡的一种基于比较制度分析的定分经济学。     

MACROECONOMIC NEWS,STOCK TURNOVER,AND VOLATILITY CLUSTERING IN DAILY STOCK RETURNS

We study volatility clustering in daily stock returns at both the index and firm levels from 1985 to 2000. We find that the relation between today's index return shock and the next period's volatility decreases when important macroeconomic news is released today and increases with the shock in today's stock market turnover. Collectively, our results suggest that volatility clustering tends to be stronger when there is more uncertainty and disperse beliefs about the market's information signal. Our findings also contribute to a better understanding of the joint dynamics of stock returns and trading volume.     

应计与真实盈余管理：替代抑或互补

基于中国转型经济特有的制度环境,考察应计与真实盈余管理之间的相互关系。结果表明,在中国市场上,应计与真实盈余管理之间存在"二元"关系,即替代关系和互补关系。具体而言,市场竞争压力在应计与真实盈余管理之间具有明显的成本比较优势,使得两者具有替代关系。控制利益、管制压力在应计与真实盈余管理之间不具有显著的成本比较优势,而是应计与真实盈余管理的驱动因素,使得两者具有互补关系。     

Determinants of market-assessed sovereign risk: Economic fundamentals or market risk appetite?

This paper examines the determinants of the market-assessed sovereign risk premium, measured by the Brady bond stripped yield spread. Our study shows that, while standard economic fundamentals of a sovereign significantly affect the bond yield spread, the market's attitude towards risk is another important determinant. We construct a measure of the market's attitude towards risk called the risk appetite index (RAI), and find that for comparable changes in all the economic variables the RAI has a relatively large impact on the Brady bond yield spread. Our results explain why there is contagion in the Brady bond market and why often there is a divergence between the market's perception of the country risk premium and published ratings on sovereign creditworthiness.     

刑事涉财产执行中的案外人权益救济——以案外人权益救济程序的当事人构造为视角

刑事涉财产执行程序因采取移送执行模式而被误认为不存在申请执行人，使得刑事涉财产执行程序及其衍生的案外人权益救济程序过分依赖执行法院的职权主义。在刑事附带民事诉讼裁判、追缴或责令退赔违法所得并返还被害人判项、责令被免予刑事处罚的被告人赔偿被害人损失判项的执行程序中，案外人权益救济程序原则上应以被害人为申请执行人，并参照适用民事强制执行程序中的案外人权益救济制度。其他刑事涉财产执行程序应以检察机关为申请执行人。除非出现被执行人逃避执行或者案外人对执行标的提出排除执行请求等特殊情形，作为申请执行人的检察机关通常无须现实参加执行程序。     

中国货币政策效果城乡差异性研究——基于SVAR计量模型分析

运用结构向量自回归模型(SVAR)对中国改革开放30年来货币政策效果的城乡差异进行实证。协整检验表明,广义货币供应、信贷规模、城镇收入、农村收入之间具有长期稳定关系。脉冲响应表明,相较农村收入而言,城镇收入对货币政策的响应更敏感,作用时间更长;方差分解表明货币供应对城镇收入变动的贡献率较大,信贷规模对农村收入变动的贡献率较大。因此,基于中国货币政策效果的城乡差异显著,完全统一的货币政策不利于城乡经济协调发展,实行差异化的城乡货币政策十分必要。